List of Neotropic ecoregions by bioregion

Amazonia bioregion

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Caqueta moist forests (Brazil, Colombia)
• Guianan moist forests (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests (Brazil, Venezuela)
• Gurupa várzea (Brazil)
• Iquitos várzea (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Japurá-Solimões-Negro moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Juruá-Purus moist forests (Brazil)
• Madeira-Tapajós moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil)
• Marajó várzea (Brazil)
• Maranhão Babaçu forests (Brazil)
• Mato Grosso tropical dry forests (Brazil)
• Monte Alegre várzea (Brazil)
• Napo moist forests (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
• Negro-Branco moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Paramaribo swamp forests (Guyana, Suriname)
• Purus várzea (Brazil)
• Purus-Madeira moist forests (Brazil)
• Rio Negro campinarana (Brazil, Colombia)
• Solimões-Japurá moist forest (Brazil, Colombia, Peru)
• Southwest Amazon moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Tapajós-Xingu moist forests (Brazil)
• Tocantins-Araguaia-Maranhão moist forests (Brazil)
• Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname)
• Ucayali moist forests (Peru)
• Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests (Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Chiquitano dry forests (Bolivia, Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Beni savanna (Bolivia Brazil, Peru)
• Guianan savanna (Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela)

Caribbean bioregion

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Cuban moist forests (Cuba)
• Hispaniolan moist forests (Dominican Republic, Haiti)
• Jamaican moist forests (Jamaica)
• Leeward Islands moist forests (Antigua, British Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Nevis, Saint Kitts)
• Puerto Rican moist forests (Puerto Rico)
• Windward Islands moist forests (Dominica, Grenada, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Bahamian dry forests (The Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands)
• Cayman Islands dry forests (Cayman Islands)
• Cuban dry forests (Cuba)
• Hispaniolan dry forests (Dominican Republic, Haiti)
• Jamaican dry forests (Jamaica)
• Leeward Islands dry forests (Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles)
• Puerto Rican dry forests (Puerto Rico)
• Windward Islands dry forests (Grenada, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests

• Bahamian pineyards (The Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands)
• Cuban pine forests (Cuba)
• Hispaniolan pine forests (Dominican Republic, Haiti)

Flooded grasslands and savannas

• Cuban wetlands (Cuba)
• Enriquillo wetlands (Dominican Republic, Haiti)

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Cayman Islands xeric scrub (Cayman Islands)
• Cuban cactus scrub (Cuba)
• Leeward Islands xeric scrub (Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, British Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Saint Barthelemy, Saba, US Virgin Islands)
• Windward Islands xeric scrub (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Central America bioregion

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Cocos Island moist forests (Costa Rica)
• Costa Rican seasonal moist forests (Costa Rica, Nicaragua)
• Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama)
• Isthmian-Pacific moist forests (Costa Rica, Panama)
• Oaxacan montane forests (Mexico)
• Pantanos de Centla (Mexico)
• Petén-Veracruz moist forests (Mexico)
• Sierra de los Tuxtlas (Mexico)
• Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forest (El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico)
• Talamancan montane forests (Costa Rica, Panama)
• Veracruz moist forests (Mexico)
• Veracruz montane forests (Mexico)
• Yucatán moist forests (Belize, Guatemala, Mexico)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Bajío dry forests (Mexico)
• Balsas dry forests (Mexico)
• Central American dry forests (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua)
• Chiapas Depression dry forests (Guatemala, Mexico)
• Jalisco dry forests (Mexico)
• Panamanian dry forests (Panama)
• Revillagigedo Islands dry forests (Mexico)
• Sierra de la Laguna dry forests (Mexico)
• Sinaloan dry forests (Mexico)
• Southern Pacific dry forests (Mexico)
• Veracruz dry forests (Mexico)
• Yucatán dry forests (Mexico)

Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests

• Belizean pine forests (Belize)
• Central American pine-oak forests (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua)
• Miskito pine forests (Honduras, Nicaragua)
• Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests (Mexico)
• Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests (Mexico)
• Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests (Mexico)
• Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests (Mexico)

Flooded grasslands and savannas

• Central Mexican wetlands (Mexico)

Montane grasslands and shrublands

• Talamancan páramo (Costa Rica, Panama)
• Zacatonal (Mexico)

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Motagua Valley thornscrub (Guatemala)
• San Lucan xeric scrub (Mexico)
• Tehuacán Valley matorral (Mexico)

Central Andes

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Bolivian Yungas (Bolivia, Peru)
• Peruvian Yungas (Peru)
• Southern Andean Yungas (Argentina , Bolivia)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Bolivian montane dry forests (Bolivia)

Montane grasslands and shrublands

• Central Andean dry puna (Argentina , Bolivia, Chile )
• Central Andean puna (Argentina , Bolivia, Peru)
• Central Andean wet puna (Bolivia, Peru)
• Cordillera Central páramo (Ecuador, Peru)

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub

• Chilean Matorral (Chile )

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Atacama desert (Chile , Peru)
• Sechura desert (Peru)

Eastern South America

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Araucaria moist forests (Argentina , Brazil)
• Atlantic Coast restingas (Brazil)
• Bahia coastal forests (Brazil)
• Bahia interior forests (Brazil)
• Caatinga enclaves moist forests (Brazil)
• Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests (Brazil)
• Northeastern Brazil restingas (Brazil)
• Parañá-Paraíba interior forests (Argentina , Brazil, Paraguay)
• Pernambuco coastal forests (Brazil)
• Pernambuco interior forests (Brazil)
• Serra do Mar coastal forests (Brazil)
• Trinidade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests (Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Atlantic dry forests (Brazil)
• Chaco (Argentina , Bolivia, Paraguay)

Flooded grasslands and savannas

• Pantanal (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Paraná flooded savanna (Argentina )
• Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna (Argentina )

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Arid Chaco (Argentina )
• Campos rupestres (Brazil)
• Cerrado (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Córdoba montane savanna (Argentina )
• Humid Chaco (Argentina , Brazil, Paraguay)

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Caatinga (Brazil)
• Saint Peter and Saint Paul rocks (Brazil)

Northern Andes

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Catatumbo moist forests (Venezuela)
• Cauca Valley montane forests (Colombia)
• Chocó-Darién moist forests (Colombia, Ecuador, Panama)
• Cordillera Oriental montane forests (Colombia, Venezuela)
• Eastern Panamanian montane forests (Colombia, Panama)
• Eastern Cordillera Real montane forests (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
• Magdalena Valley montane forests (Colombia)
• Magdalena-Urabá moist forests (Colombia)
• Northwestern Andean montane forests (Colombia, Ecuador)
• Santa Marta montane forests (Colombia)
• Cordillera de la Costa montane forests (Colombia, Venezuela)
• Western Ecuador moist forests (Colombia, Ecuador)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Apure-Villavicencio dry forests (Venezuela)
• Cauca Valley dry forests (Colombia)
• Ecuadorian dry forests (Ecuador)
• Lara-Falcón dry forests (Venezuela)
• Magdalena Valley dry forests (Colombia)
• Maracaibo dry forests (Venezuela)
• Marañón dry forests (Peru)
• Patía Valley dry forests (Colombia)
• Sinú Valley dry forests (Colombia)
• Tumbes-Piura dry forests (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)

Flooded grasslands and savannas

• Guayaquil flooded grasslands (Ecuador)

Montane grasslands and shrublands

• Cordillera de Mérida páramo (Venezuela)
• Northern Andean páramo (Colombia, Ecuador)
• Santa Marta páramo (Colombia)

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub (Colombia, Venezuela)
• Malpelo Island xeric scrub (Colombia)
• Paraguana xeric scrub (Venezuela)

Orinoco bioregion

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Cordillera La Costa montane forests (Venezuela)
• Guayanan Highlands moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Orinoco Delta swamp forests (Guyana, Venezuela)
• Tepuis (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Trinidad and Tobago moist forests (Trinidad and Tobago)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Trinidad and Tobago dry forests (Trinidad and Tobago)

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Llanos (Colombia, Venezuela)

Flooded grasslands and savannas

• Orinoco wetlands (Venezuela)

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Araya and Paria xeric scrub (Venezuela)
• Aruba-Curaçao-Bonaire cactus scrub (Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao)
• La Costa xeric shrublands (Venezuela)

Southern South America

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

• Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests (Chile )
• Magellanic subpolar forests (Argentina , Chile )
• San Felix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests (Desventuradas Islands) (Chile )
• Valdivian temperate rain forests (Argentina , Chile )

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Uruguayan savanna (Argentina , Brazil, Uruguay)

Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Argentine Espinal (Argentina )
• Argentine Monte (Argentina )
• Humid Pampa (Argentina )
• Patagonian grasslands (Argentina , Chile )
• Patagonian steppe (Argentina , Chile )
• Semi-arid Pampa (Argentina )

South Florida

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• South Florida rocklands (United States)

Flooded grasslands and savannas

• Everglades (United States)

Mangrove

Tropical Atlantic

Gulf of Mexico

• Alvarado mangroves (Mexico)
• Usumacinta mangroves (Mexico)

Yucatán Peninsula

• Belizean Coast mangroves (Belize)
• Belizean Reef mangroves (Belize)
• Petenes mangroves (Mexico)
• Ría Lagartos mangroves (Mexico)
• Mayan Corridor mangroves (Mexico)

Atlantic Central America

• Bocas del Toro-San Bastimentos Island-San Blas mangroves (Costa Rica, Panama)
• Mosquitia-Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast mangroves (Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua)
• Northern Honduras mangroves (Guatemala, Honduras)
• Rio Negro-Rio San Sun mangroves (Costa Rica, Nicaragua)

West Indies

• Bahamian mangroves (Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands)
• Greater Antilles mangroves (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico)
• Lesser Antilles mangroves (Lesser Antilles)

Continental Caribbean

• Coastal Venezuelan mangroves (Venezuela)
• Magdalena-Santa Marta mangroves (Colombia)

Amazon-Orinoco-Maranhao

• Amapá mangroves (Brazil)
• Guianan mangroves (French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Ilha Grande mangroves (Brazil)
• Maranhão mangroves (Brazil)
• Pará mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio Piranhas mangroves (Brazil)
• Trinidad mangroves (Trinidad and Tobago)

Northeast Brazil

• Bahia mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio Piranhas mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio São Francisco mangroves (Brazil)

Southeast Brazil

• Ilha Grande mangroves (Brazil)

Tropical Eastern Pacific

Sea of Cortez

• Marismas Nacionales-San Blas mangroves (Mexico)

Southern Mexico

• Mexican South Pacific Coast mangroves (Mexico)

Pacific Central America

• Gulf of Fonseca mangroves (El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua)
• Moist Pacific Coast mangroves (Costa Rica, Panama)
• Northern Dry Pacific Coast mangroves (El Salvador, Guatemala)
• Southern Dry Pacific Coast mangroves (Costa Rica, Nicaragua)
• Tehuantepec-El Manchon mangroves (Mexico)

Pacific South America

• Esmeraldes-Pacific Colombia mangroves (Colombia, Ecuador)
• Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes mangroves (Ecuador, Peru)
• Gulf of Panama mangroves (Panama)
• Manabí mangroves (Ecuador)
• Piura mangroves (Peru)

Galápagos Islands

• Galápagos mangroves (Ecuador)

References

• Dinerstein, Eric; David Olson; Douglas J. Graham; et al. (1995). A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. World Bank, Washington, D.C..

See also

• Caribbean bioregion

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