List of costliest tornadoes in the Americas
Topic: Earth
From HandWiki - Reading time: 12 min
The following is a list of the costliest tornadoes in the Americas including Canada and the United States. It includes all tornadoes that, when damage totals are adjusted for inflation, have cost at least $100 million in 2023 dollars. As of 1 June 2023, there are 157 entries on this list with several of those entries including multiple tornadoes. This is dependent on how damages are assessed by certain agencies as well as the significance of certain events (e.g. 1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak when seven tornadoes struck the city of Grand Island, Nebraska in the same night; and the Dunrobin—Ottawa, Ontario—Gatineau, Quebec, Canada tornadoes in 2018 — of which there were seven — since monetary damages in Canada are often reported by province and not individual tornado).
Analysis
- Besides being one of the deadliest tornadoes on record in the Americas, the 2011 Joplin tornado is also the costliest; when adjusted for inflation, it resulted in $3.7762 billion in damages.
- A total of 13 tornadoes have exceeded $1 billion in damages.
- Thirty-one tornadoes have exceeded $500 million in damages.
- The top 100 tornadoes or tornado events on this list have caused greater than $170 million in damages.
List of costliest tornadoes
| Rank[lower-alpha 1] | Affected Communities [lower-alpha 2] | Year | Month & Day | Original Cost[lower-alpha 3] | Adjusted Cost (15 May 2023)[lower-alpha 4] | F or EF [lower-alpha 5] | References & Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joplin—Duquesne, Missouri | 2011 | 22 May | $2,800,000,000 | $3,776,200,000 | EF5 | 2011 Joplin tornado The most expensive tornado in recorded history |
| 2 | Tuscaloosa—Holt—Alberta City—Concord—Pleasant Grove—Birmingham (Pratt City)—Fultondale, Alabama | 2011 | 27 April | $2,450,000,000 | $3,304,200,000 | EF4 | 2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado |
| 3 | Newcastle, Oklahoma, Moore, Oklahoma | 2013 | 20 May | $2,000,000,000 | $2,604,500,000 | EF5 | 2013 Moore tornado |
| 4 | North Dallas—Richardson, Texas | 2019 | 20 October | $1,550,000,000 | $1,839,200,000 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of October 20–22, 2019 |
| 5 | Bridge Creek—Moore, Oklahoma | 1999 | 3 May | $1,000,000,000 | $1,820,900,000 | F5 | 1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado |
| 6 | Nashville—Mount Juliet, Tennessee | 2020 | 3 March | $1,501,000,000 | $1,759,400,000 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2020 |
| 7 | Poquonock/Windsor Locks, Connecticut—Feeding Hills, Massachusetts | 1979 | 3 October | $420,000,000 | $1,755,000,000 | F4 | Windsor Locks, Connecticut, tornado Grazulis reported that damages totaled $214,000,000 or $894,210,000, when adjusted. (Grazulis, p. 1,216) |
| 8 | Hackleburg—Phil Campbell—Tanner—Harvest—Athens, Alabama | 2011 | 27 April | $1,290,000,000 | $1,739,800,000 | EF5 | 2011 Hackleburg-Phil Campbell tornado |
| 9 | Wichita Falls, Texas | 1979 | 10 April | $400,000,000 | $1,671,400,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,209) |
| 10 | Omaha, Nebraska | 1975 | 6 May | $250,000,000 | $1,409,700,000 | F5 | (Grazulis, p. 1,174) (Total damages may have been greater than this.) |
| 11 | East Peoria—Washington—Long Point, Illinois | 2013 | 17 November | $935,000,000 | $1,217,600,000 | EF4 | Tornado outbreak of November 17, 2013 |
| 12 | Grand Island, Nebraska | 1980 | 3 June | $300,000,000 | $1,104,500,000 | F4 (max) | "The Night of the Twisters" This includes all seven tornadoes. (Grazulis, p. 1,223) |
| 13 | Lubbock, Texas | 1970 | 11 May | $135,000,000 | $1,055,500,000 | F5 | Lubbock tornado, (Grazulis, p. 1,113) |
| 14 | Topeka, Kansas | 1966 | 8 June | $100,000,000 | $936,310,000 | F5 | (Grazulis, p. 1,081) (Total damages may have been greater than this.) |
| 15 | St. Louis, Missouri | 1927 | 29 September | $53,000,000 | $924,040,000 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 814) |
| 16 | Grand Island, Nebraska (#5) | 1980 | 3 June | $200,000,000 | $736,320,000 | F4 | 1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak This was the strongest and costliest of the seven tornadoes that touched down on "The Night of the Twisters" |
| 17 | Jackson, Mississippi | 1966 | 3 March | $75,500,000 | $706,910,000 | F5 | 1966 Candlestick Park tornado outbreak |
| 18 | Fort Worth, Texas | 2000 | 28 March | $400,000,000 | $704,680,000 | F3 | [1] |
| 19 | Andover—Wichita, Kansas | 1991 | 27 April | $300,000,000 | $668,200,000 | F5 | ,[2] 1991 Andover tornado outbreak |
| 20 | Xenia, Ohio | 1974 | 3 April | $107,500,000 | $661,490,000 | F5 | (Grazulis, p. 1,154) |
| 21 | Haysville—McConnell AFB—Andover, Kansas | 2012 | 14 April | $500,000,000 | $660,650,000 | EF5 | Tornado outbreak of April 13-16, 2012 |
| 22 | Monticello, Indiana (tornado family) | 1974 | 3 April | $100,000,000 | $615,340,000 | F4 | [3] (Total damages may have been greater than this.) |
| 23 | Conyers, Stockbridge, Georgia | 1973 | 31 March | $90,000,000 | $614,930,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,135 |
| 24 | Moore—Oklahoma City—Choctaw, Oklahoma | 2003 | 8 May | $370,500,000 | $610,850,000 | F3 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003 |
| 25 | Brookville—Trotwood—Dayton—Riverside, Ohio | 2019 | 27 May | $500,000,000 | $593,300,000 | EF5 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019 |
| 26 | Petersham—Barre—Rutland—Holden—Worcester—Shrewsbury—Westborough—Southborough, Massachusetts | 1953 | 9 June | $52,193,000 | $593,010,000 | F4+ | 1953 Worcester tornado (includes crop damage of ~$50,000) |
| 27 | Fort Smith—Van Buren, Arkansas | 1996 | 21 April | $300,000,000 | $580,040,000 | F3 | Tornado outbreak sequence of April 1996 |
| 28 | Edmonton, Alberta, Canada | 1987 | 31 July | $332,270,000 CAD | $543,700,000 USD | EF5 | Edmonton tornado $734,420,000 CAD, adjusted for inflation |
| 29 | Dallas, Texas]] | 2012 | 3 April | $400,000,000 | $525,860,000 | EF2 | List of United States tornadoes in April 2012 |
| 30 | Conestogo Lake—Fergus—Tavistock, Ontario, Canada | 2005 | 19 August | $500,000,000 CAD | $523,710,000 USD | F2-F1 | Southern Ontario tornado outbreak of 2005 $707,410,000 CAD, adjusted for inflation (Total damages may have been greater than this.) |
| 31 | Tallulah, Louisiana—Yazoo City/Durant, Mississippi | 2010 | 24 April | $364,000,000 | $506,400,000 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in the tornado outbreak of April 22-25, 2010 |
| 32 | Fayetteville, Tennessee | 1952 | 29 February | $43,000,000 | $492,250,000 | F3 | (Grazulis,p. 962) |
| 33 | Margaret/Ragland/Shoal Creek Valley/Ohatchee/Piedmont, Alabama—Cave Spring/Kingston, Georgia | 2011 | 27 April | $366,755,000 | $494,620,000 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in the 2011 Super Outbreak |
| 34 | Golden Valley—Mounds View—Centerville, Minnesota | 1965 | 6 May | $51,000,000 | $491,160,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,074) |
| 35 | Altus—Altus Air Force Base | 1982 | 11 May | $150,000,000 | $471,550,000 | F3 | Grazulis reported $200 million in damages including hail, estimated $150 million from the tornado alone (Grazulis, p. 1,239) |
| 36 | Waco, Texas | 1953 | 11 May | $41,150,000 | $467,540,000 | F5 | 1953 Waco tornado outbreak |
| 37 | Shreveport—Bossier City, Louisiana | 1978 | 3 December | $100,000,000 | $465,280,000 | F4 | 1978 Bossier City tornado outbreak (Total damages may have been higher than this.) |
| 38 | Enterprise, Alabama | 2007 | 1 March | $307,000,000 | $449,170,000 | EF4 | Tornado outbreak of February 28 - March 2, 2007 |
| 39 | Albany—Ashburn—Rochelle, Georgia | 2017 | 22 January | $310,000,000 | $383,660,000 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of January 21-23, 2017 |
| 40 | Plainfield, Illinois | 1990 | 28 August | $165,000,000 | $382,980,000 | F5 | 1990 Plainfield tornado |
| 41 | Birmingham, Alabama | 1998 | 8 April | $202,830,000 | $377,490,000 | F5 | Tornado outbreak of April 6-9, 1998 |
| 42 | Oak Lawn—Evergreen Park—Chicago | 1967 | 21 April | $40,000,000 | $363,610,000 | F4 | [4] (Total damages may have been greater than this.) |
| 43 | St. Louis—East St. Louis, Illinois | 1896 | 27 May | $10,000,000 | $361,150,000 | F4 | 1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado |
| 44 | Atlanta, Georgia | 2008 | 14 March | $250,000,000 | $352,250,000 | EF2 | 2008 Atlanta tornado outbreak |
| 45 | St. Louis, Missouri—Granite City, Illinois | 2011 | 22 April | $250,000,000 | $337,160,000 | EF5 | 2011 St. Louis tornado |
| 46 | Atlanta, Georgia | 1975 | 24 March | $56,500,000 | $318,590,000 | F3 | "The Governor's Tornado" as it caused damage to the Governor's mansion among many other buildings (Grazulis, p. 1,173) |
| 47 | Carterville—Crainville—Marion, Illinois | 1982 | 29 May | $100,000,000 | $314,370,000 | F4 | Marion, Illinois (Grazulis, p. 1,242) |
| 48 | Salt Lake City, Utah | 1999 | 11 August | $170,000,000 | $309,550,000 | F2 | [5] |
| 49 | Orland, Indiana—East Gilead/Reading/Hillsdale/Manitou Beach, Michigan (two tornadoes) | 1965 | 11 April | $32,000,000 | $308,180,000 | F4 | List of tornadoes in the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak |
| 50 | Westfield—West Springfield—Springfield—Wilbraham—Monson—Brimfield—Sturbridge—Southbridge—Charlton, Massachusetts | 2011 | 1 June | $227,600,000 | $306,950,000 | EF3 | 2011 New England tornado outbreak "The Springfield tornado" |
| 51 | Augusta—Tupelo—Otwell—Jonesboro, Arkansas | 1973 | 26 May | $44,110,000 | $301,380,000 | F4 | [6] (Total damages may have been greater than this.) Grazulis reported $37 million in damages which adjusts to $252.8 million (Grazulis, p. 1,141) |
| 52 | Hamden—North Haven, Connecticut | 1989 | 10 July | $120,000,000 | $293,580,000 | F4 | [7] July 1989 Northeastern United States tornado outbreak |
| 53 | Brownsville—Monroe, Louisiana | 2020 | 12 April | $250,000,000 | $293,030,000 | EF3 | ,[8] 2020 Easter tornado outbreak |
| 54 | Ellington, Missouri-Murphysboro/De Soto, Illinois-Griffin/Princeton, Illinois | 1925 | 18 March | $16,500,000 | $286,030,000 | F5 | The Tri-State Tornado, (Grazulis, p. 796) |
| 55 | Mayflower, Vilonia, Arkansas | 2014 | 27 April | $223,450,000 | $286,340,000 | EF4 | Tornado outbreak of April 27-30, 2014 |
| 56 | Vicksburg, Mississippi | 1953 | 5 December | $25,000,000 | $284,050,000 | F5 | 1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi, tornado |
| 57 | Gainesville, Georgia | 1936 | 6 April | $13,000,000 | $283,720,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 866) |
| 58 | Woodstock, Stratford, Ontario, Canada | 1979 | 7 August | $100,000,000 CAD | $280,240,000 USD | F4 | 1979 Woodstock, Ontario, tornado $378,540,000 CAD, adjusted for inflation (Total damages may have been greater than this.) |
| 59 | Charles City, Iowa | 1968 | 15 May | $31,500,000 | $274,600,000 | F5 | Tornado outbreak of May 1968, (Grazulis, p. 1,097) |
| 60 | Barrie, Ontario, Canada | 1985 | 31 May | $150,000,000 CAD | $266,880,000 USD | F4 | 1985 Barrie tornado $360,500,000 CAD, adjusted for inflation (Total damages may have been greater than this) |
| 61 | Kennedale—Arlington, Texas | 2012 | 3 April | $200,000,000 | $264,260,000 | EF2 | List of United States tornadoes in April 2012 |
| 62 | Haysville—South Wichita, Kansas | 1999 | 3 May | $145,000,000 | $264,030,000 | F4 | List of tornadoes in the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak |
| 63 | Wildwood—Colfax, Wisconsin | 1958 | 4 June | $25,000,000 | $262,420,000 | F5 | [9] |
| 64 | Wilber—Hallam—Norris School District 160—Holland, Nebraska | 2004 | 22 May | $160,220,000 | $257,300,000 | F4 | 2004 Hallam tornado The second-widest tornado on record almost completely destroyed the small town of Hallam. |
| 65 | Yale—Tulsa, Oklahoma | 1981 | 19 April | $75,000,000 | $250,300,000 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 1,229) |
| 66 | Dunrobin—Ottawa, Ontario—Gatineau, Quebec, Canada | 2018 | 21 September | $294,000,000 CAD*** | $246,970,000 USD | F3 max | $333,600,000 CAD, adjusted for inflation (Total damages may have been greater than this.) This includes all seven tornadoes from this event as damages (per event/outbreak) are reported by province, not tornado. Damages in Ontario were $192 million+ CAD, and damages in Quebec were $102 million+ CAD.[10] 2018 United States-Canada tornado outbreak |
| 67 | Huntsville, Alabama | 1989 | 15 November | $100,000,000 | $244,650,000 | F4 | November 1989 tornado outbreak |
| 68 | Falmouth/Berlin/Bladeston/Chatham/Dover, Kentucky—Decatur/Otway, Ohio | 1968 | 23 April | $27,775,000 | $242,120,000 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of April 21-24, 1968 (Total damages were estimated.) |
| 69 | Toledo, Ohio—Lost Peninsula (Michigan) | 1965 | 11 April | $25,000,000 | $240,760,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,071) |
| 70 | Sanford—Raleigh, North Carolina | 2011 | 16 April | $172,000,000 | $231,970,000 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of April 14-16, 2011 |
| 71 | Tulsa/Tulsa County—Catoosa/Rogers County, Oklahoma | 1993 | 24 April | $110,000,000 | $230,930,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,348) |
| 72 | Carrollton—Reform—Cordova—Sipsey—Blountsville, Alabama | 2011 | 27 April | $170,344,000 | $229,730,000 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in the 2011 Super Outbreak |
| 73 | Macksburg—Winterset—Norwalk—Newton, Iowa | 2013 | May 20 | $220,000,000 | $228,050,000 | EF4 | Tornado outbreak of March 5-7, 2022 |
| 74 | Mount Vernon/De Kalb, Texas—Mineral Springs, Arkansas | 1999 | 4 May | $125,000,000 | $227,610,000 | F3 | List of tornadoes in the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak |
| 75 | Wetumpka—LaFayette, Alabama | 2011 | 27 April | $167,000,000 | $225,220,000 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in the 2011 Super Outbreak |
| 76 | Largo—Clearwater—Carrollwood—Temple Terrace—Galloway—Gibsonia—Loughman, Florida | 1966 | 4 April | $24,000,000 | $224,713,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,079) |
| 77 | Hennepin County, Minnesota | 2011 | 22 May | $166,620,000 | $224,711,000 | EF1 | List of tornadoes in the tornado outbreak sequence of May 21-26, 2011 |
| 78 | Greensburg, Kansas | 2007 | 4 May | $153,000,000 | $223,850,000 | EF5 | [11] |
| 79 | St. Peter, Minnesota | 1998 | 29 March | $120,000,000 | $223,330,000 | F3 | 1998 Comfrey-St. Peter tornado outbreak |
| 80 | Sandusky—Lorain, Ohio | 1924 | 28 June | $12,500,000 | $221,760,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 790) |
| 81 | Flint—Beecher, Michigan | 1953 | 8 June | $19,000,000 | $215,880,000 | F5 | 1953 Flint-Beecher tornado, (Grazulis, p. 974) |
| 82 | Tinker Air Force Base , Oklahoma County, Oklahoma | 1948 | 20/25, March | $16,400,000 | $206,440,000 | F3 | Three tornadoes affected Tinker AFB in the span of six days: two on 20 March led to successful prediction of the third on 25 March. These tornadoes significantly contributed to the process of predicting these severe weather events. (Grazulis, p. 935) |
| 83 | Windsor, Colorado | 2008 | 22 May | $147,000,000 | $207,120,000 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of May 22-27, 2008 |
| 84 | Jefferson City, Missouri | 2019 | 22 May | $174,000,000 | $206,470,000 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019 |
| 85 | Sarasota, Florida | 1978 | 4 May | $43,000,000 | $200,070,000 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 1,202) |
| 86 | Belvidere, Illinois | 1967 | 21 April | $22,000,000 | $199,820,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,088) |
| 87 | Raleigh, North Carolina | 1988 | 28 November | $77,000,000 | $197,460,000 | F4 | 1988 Raleigh tornado outbreak |
| 88 | Southern Louisville suburbs, including Pioneer Village, Hillview, and Mount Washington, Kentucky | 1996 | 28 May | $101,000,000 | $195,280,000 | F4 | ,[12] May 1996 Kentucky tornado outbreak |
| 89 | La Plata, Maryland | 2002 | 28 April | $115,000,000 | $193,920,000 | F4 | 2002 La Plata tornado |
| 90 | Fayetteville, North Carolina | 2011 | 16 April | $141,100,000 | $190,290,000 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of April 14-16, 2011 |
| 91 | Nashville—East Nashville—Donelson—The Hermitage—Mt. Juliet, Tennessee | 1998 | 16 April | $101,000,000 | $187,970,000 | F3 | Tornado outbreak of April 15–16, 1998 (1998 Nashville tornado outbreak) |
| 92 | Austin, Texas | 1980 | 10 August | $50,000,000 | $184,080,000 | F2 | (Grazulis, p. 1,226) |
| Kalamazoo, Michigan | 1980 | 13 May | $50,000,000 | $184,080,000 | EF5 | 1980 Kalamazoo tornado, (Grazulis, p. 1,221) | |
| 94 | Mena, Arkansas | 2009 | 9 April | $130,000,000 | $183,820,000 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of April 9-11, 2009 |
| 95 | Oelwein—Maynard, Iowa | 1968 | 15 May | $21,000,000 | $183,060,000 | F5 | (Grazulis, p. 1,098) |
| 96 | Southaven, Mississippi—Memphis, Tennessee | 2008 | 5 February | $128,400,000 | $180,920,000 | EF2 | List of tornadoes in the 2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak |
| 97 | Newton Falls/Niles/Hubbard, Ohio—Wheatland/Hermitage/Greenfield, Pennsylvania | 1985 | 31 May | $63,800,000++ | $179,880,000++ | F5 | "Niles-Wheatland Tornado" Grazulis reported $60 million in damages in Ohio alone. He also mentions a total of $3.8 million in damages in Pennsylvania but only with regard to trucks and other vehicles at a few different locations. He makes no mention of total damages in Pennsylvania and there are no resources available that provide that information. (Grazulis, p. 1,268) Considering the intensity of this violent tornado and the destruction of much of Wheatland's industry as well as the number of houses in and around Wheatland, we can safely surmise that the damage total is actually much higher. |
| 98 | Cordell, Oklahoma | 2001 | 9 October | $100,000,000 | $171,290,000 | F3 | ,[13]Tornadoes of 2001 |
| 99 | Center Point, Alabama | 1973 | 27 May | $25,000,000 | $170,810,000 | F3 | [14] (Grazulis, p. 1,142) |
| Brent, Alabama | 1973 | 27 May | $25,000,000 | $170,810,000 | F4 | ,[15] (Grazulis, p. 1,142) | |
| Warner Robins—Robins Air Force Base —Jeffersonville, Georgia | 1953 | 30 April | $15,000,000 | $170,430,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 968) | |
| Highland Park—Detroit, Michigan | 1997 | 2 July | $90,000,000 | $170,110,000 | F2 | ,[16] Tornado outbreak of July 1–3, 1997 | |
| Little Rock Air Force Base —Jacksonville, Arkansas | 2011 | 25 April | $125,000,000 | $168,580,000 | EF2 | List of tornadoes in the 2011 Super Outbreak | |
| Atkins—Clinton—Mountain View—Highland, Arkansas | 2008 | 5 February | $119,310,000 | $168,110,000 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in the 2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak | |
| Wildwood—Lady Lake, Florida | 2007 | 2 February | $114,000,000 | $166,790,000 | EF3 | 2007 Groundhog Day tornado outbreak | |
| Monroe—Athens, Georgia | 1973 | 31 March | $24,000,000 | $163,980,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,136) | |
| Americus, Georgia | 2007 | 1 March | $111,000,000 | $162,400,000 | EF4 | Tornado outbreak of February 28-March 2, 2007 | |
| Louisville, Mississippi | 2014 | 28 April | $126,150,000 | $161,650,000 | EF4 | Tornado outbreak of April 27-30, 2014 | |
| Paris—Reno—Blossom, Texas | 1982 | 2 April | $50,000,000 | $157,180,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,236) | |
| Minneapolis—Roseville, Minnesota | 1981 | 14 June | $47,000,000 | $156,850,000 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 1,232) | |
| Whiteface—Whitharral—Anton, Texas | 1970 | 17 April | $20,000,000 | $156,370,000 | EF5 | Tornado outbreak sequence of April 17-19, 1970 | |
| Jackson, Tennessee | 2008 | 5 February | $110,300,000 | $155,410,000 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in the 2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak | |
| Omaha, Nebraska | 1913 | 23 March | $5,000,000 | $153,210,000 | EF5 | (Grazulis, p. 737) | |
| Ardmore, Oklahoma | 1995 | 7 May | $75,000,000 | $149,290,000 | F3 | List of tornadoes in the May 1995 tornado outbreak sequence. Grazulis reported at least $100 million in damages or $199.06 million adjusted (Grazulis, p. 1,373) | |
| Wichita Falls, Texas | 1964 | 3 April | $15,000,000 | $146,790,000 | F5 | (Grazulis, p. 1,050) | |
| Tampa—Pinellas County, Florida | 1979 | 8 May | $35,000,000 | $146,250,000 | F2 | (Grazulis, p. 1,213) | |
| Port Huron, Michigan, United States—Sarnia, Ontario, Canada | 1953 | 21 May | $2,600,000 (U.S., USD) + $15,000,000 (Canada, USD) | $145,200,000 | F4 | 1953 Sarnia tornado outbreak CA: US$15 million = $14,620,000 CAD (average exchange rate for 1953, US$1 = 0.974478 CAD), $157.87 million CAD adjusted = $115.66 million USD adjusted (average exchange rate for 2023, 1 CAD = US$0.732616). US: US$2.6 million = $29.541 million USD adjusted | |
| Comstock Park—Alpine—Grand Rapids, Michigan | 1965 | 11 April | $15,000,000 | $144,460,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,065) | |
| Delhi, Louisiana—Moorhead, Mississippi + Cary—Oxford, Mississippi + Vicksburg—Lexington, Mississippi (three tornadoes) | 1971 | 21 February | $19,000,000 | $142,320,000 | F5 | [17] | |
| Millbury—Lake Township, Ohio | 2010 | 5 June | $102,400,000 | $142,460,000 | EF4 | Tornado outbreak of June 5-6, 2010 | |
| Bauxite—Vimy Ridge—Shannon Hills—North Little Rock, Arkansas | 1997 | 1 March | $75,000,000 | $141,760,000 | F4 | ,[18] March 1997 tornado outbreak | |
| Murfreesboro, Tennessee | 2009 | 10 April | $100,000,000 | $141,400,000 | EF4 | [19] | |
| Jeffers—Comfrey—Hanska, Minnesota | 1998 | 29 March | $75,050,000 | $139,680,000 | F4 | 1998 Comfrey-St. Peter tornado outbreak | |
| Dunwoody, Georgia | 1998 | 8 April | $75,000,000 | $139,580,000 | F2 | Tornado outbreak of April 6-9, 1998 | |
| Chesterfield—Maryland Heights—St. Ann—Lambert Field, St. Louis—Spanish Lake, Missouri | 1967 | 24 January | $15,000,000 | $136,240,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,087) | |
| Smith Mills, Kentucky—Evansville/Paradise/Gentryville, Indiana | 2005 | 6 November | $87,260,000 | $135,540,000 | F3 | Evansville tornado outbreak of November 2005 | |
| Oologah, Oklahoma | 1991 | 26 April | $60,000,000 | $133,640,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,412) | |
| Cedar Park, Texas | 1997 | 27 May | $70,110,000 | $132,520,000 | F3 | 1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak | |
| Forney, Texas | 2012 | 3 April | $100,000,000 | $132,130,000 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of April 3, 2012 | |
| Mechanicville/Stillwater, New York—Bennington, Vermont | 1998 | 31 May | $70,630,000 | $131,450,000 | F3 | Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho | |
| Marmaduke, Arkansas—Caruthersville, Missouri | 2006 | 2 April | $86,500,000 | $130,160,000 | F3 | Tornado outbreak of April 2, 2006 | |
| Tinker Air Force Base | 1948 | 20 March | $10,250,000 | $129,020,000 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 935) | |
| Bloodland—Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri | 2010 | 31 December | $90,000,000 | $125,210,000 | EF3 | 2010 New Year's Eve tornado outbreak | |
| College Park—Beltsville—Laurel, Maryland | 2001 | 24 September | $73,000,000 | $125,050,000 | F3 | Tornado outbreak of September 24, 2001 | |
| Cincinnati—Williamsburg, Ohio | 1969 | 9 August | $15,000,000 | $123,990,000 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 1,107) | |
| Emporia, Kansas | 1974 | 8 June | $20,000,000 | $123,070,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,166) | |
| Camden—Hermitage, Arkansas | 1979 | 8 April | $28,800,000 | $120,340,000 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 1,207) | |
| Goderich, Ontario, Canada | 2011 | 21 August | $130,000,000 CAD | $120,270,000 | F3 | 2011 Goderich, Ontario, tornado $164,160,000 CAD adjusted for inflation | |
| Goodlettsville—Gallatin, Tennessee | 2006 | 7 April | $79,000,000 | $118,880,000 | F3 | [20] | |
| Cookeville—Putnam County, Tennessee | 2020 | 3 March | $100,000,000 | $117,210,000 | EF4 | Tornado outbreak of March 2-3, 2020 | |
| Seneca—Clemson, South Carolina | 2020 | 13 April | $100,000,000 | $117,210,000 | EF5 | 2013 Moore tornado | |
| Eagle Pass, Texas | 2007 | 24 April | $80,000,000 | $117,050,000 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak sequence of April 20-27, 2007 | |
| Barneveld—Black Earth, Wisconsin | 1984 | 7 June | $40,000,000 | $116,790,000 | F5 | (Grazulis, p. 1,259) | |
| Windsor—Tecumseh, Ontario, Canada | 1946 | 17 June | $9,663,000 CAD | $114,780,000 USD | F4 | 1946 Windsor-Tecumseh tornado $155,040,000 CAD, adjusted for inflation | |
| Lockett/Vernon, Texas—Davidson, Oklahoma | 1979 | 10 April | $27,000,000 | $112,820,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,207) | |
| Fiatt—Canton, Illinois | 1975 | 23 July | $20,000,000 | $112,770,000 | EF5 | 2013 Moore tornado | |
| Clarion—Belmond, Iowa | 1966 | 14 October | $12,000,000 | $112,360,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,084) | |
| Saugatuck—Hudsonville—Standale—Grand Rapids, Michigan | 1956 | 3 April | $10,000,000 | $111,530,000 | F5 | (Grazulis, p. 995) | |
| Atlanta Motor Speedway; Hampton, Georgia | 2005 | 6 July | $71,500,000 | $111,060,000 | F2 | Hurricane Cindy (2005) | |
| Chandler—Lake Wilson, Minnesota | 1992 | 16 June | $50,000,000 | $108,110,000 | F5 | Tornado outbreak of June 14-18, 1992 Grazulis reported $45 million or $97,301,000 adjusted for inflation. (Grazulis, p. 1,331) | |
| Parkersburg—New Hartford, Iowa | 2008 | 25 May | $75,000,000 | $105,680,000 | EF5 | Tornado outbreak of May 22-27, 2008 | |
| St. Louis, Missouri | 1959 | 10 February | $10,000,000 | $104,290,000 | F4 | Total damages may have been greater than this. (Grazulis, p. 1,018) | |
| Canton—Hazlehurst—Newton—Meridian, Mississippi | 1976 | 29 March | $19,550,000 | $104,230,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,183) | |
| Ragland—Piedmont—Rock Run, Alabama | 1994 | 27 March | $50,500,000 | $103,370,000 | F4 | 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak | |
| Campbell—Poinciana—Kissimmee—Buenaventura Lakes—Lake Hart—Lake Mary Jane, Florida | 1998 | 22 February | $55,000,000 | $102,360,000 | F3 | 1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak | |
| Dallas—De Soto, Texas | 1994 | 25 April | $50,000,000 | $102,350,000 | F2 | Tornado outbreak of April 25-27, 1994 | |
| Louisville—Jefferson County, Kentucky | 1890 | 27 March | $3,000,000 | $100,010,000 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 651) |
Bibliography
- Grazulis, Thomas (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
- Grazulis, Thomas (1997). Significant Tornadoes Update, 1992–1995. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-04-X.
See also
- Ted Fujita, creator of the original Fujita Scale (used in the United States from 1971 to 2007)
- Thomas P. Grazulis, meteorologist and author of "Significant Tornadoes"
- List of tornadoes by calendar day
- List of deadliest tornadoes in the Americas
- List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
- List of Canadian tornadoes and tornado outbreaks (before 2001)
- List of Canadian tornadoes and tornado outbreaks (since 2001)
- List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
- List of Southern Hemisphere tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
- List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes
- List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes
- Tornado climatology
- Tornado records
Notes
- ↑ as of June 2023 when this article was created.
- ↑ These are the communities (e.g. cities, towns, counties) where the greatest damage or loss of life occurred or at the beginning or end of the tornado’s track. The number of places that experience loss of life or damage is often higher than this. Colloquial tornado/event names, if applicable/known, are included in the Notes column of this table.
- ↑ Estimated total damages are primarily taken from the NCEI database; however, before 1996, coding included on the Storm Data reports provided an extremely broad, often inaccurate, range for damage totals. If a more accurate or updated total can be obtained from a reputable source, it will be included here instead.
- ↑ Wikipedia formulas only allow adjusting damage totals (for inflation) through 2021. Adjustments of damage totals for inflation have been calculated with the website in2013dollars.com which includes rates of inflation through the current year. As these rates can be volatile (possibly changing from month to month), note that these calculations were made on 15 May 2023 and will be updated regularly.
- ↑ After the Fujita Scale was implemented in 1971, tornadoes from the previous 100 years (1871-1971) were retrospectively reviewed to determine their ratings. These reviews were completed by either Ted Fujita or National Weather Service (NWS) offices around the United States.]]
References
- ↑ "A 2000 tornado in Fort Worth triggered a boom in development". AP News (The Associated Press). 31 March 2019. https://apnews.com/article/c295d09da88f4490a519d6772d189ff7.
- ↑ "Top Ten KS Tornadoes". National Weather Service; Wichita, KS. https://www.weather.gov/ict/toptenkstors.
- ↑ "The Monticello Tornado". National Weather Service, Northern Indiana. https://www.weather.gov/iwx/19740403_superoutbreak.
- ↑ "The Oak Lawn Tornado; April 21, 1967". National Weather Service; Chicago, Illinois. https://www.weather.gov/media/lot/events/1967_Apr_Tornadoes/OakLawn_Tornado_survey.pdf.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Salt Lake City, F2 tornado, 11 August 1999". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5703912.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Jonesboro, F4 tornado, 26 May 1973". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=9983390.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Hamden, F4 tornado, 10 July 1989". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=9985073.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Monroe, EF3 tornado, 12 April 2020". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=879880.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Colfax, F5 tornado, 4 June 1958". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=10149031.
- ↑ "Tornado damage costs insurers $295M". Ottawa Citizen. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/tornado-damages-cost-insurers-295m.
- ↑ "Insured losses from twister: $153 million". Wichita Eagle (Amanda O'Toole). http://www.kansas.com/greensburg/story/102573.html.
- ↑ "Stom Events Database, Search Results for Bullitt, Jefferson, and Spencer Counties, Kentucky; Event Types: Tornado; 28 May 1996". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28C%29+Tornado&beginDate_mm=05&beginDate_dd=28&beginDate_yyyy=1996&endDate_mm=05&endDate_dd=28&endDate_yyyy=1996&county=BULLITT%3A29&county=JEFFERSON%3A111&county=SPENCER%3A215&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=21%2CKENTUCKY.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Cordell, F3 tornado, 9 October 2001". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5270683.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Jefferson/St. Clair Counties, F3 tornado, 27 May 1973". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28C%29+Tornado&beginDate_mm=05&beginDate_dd=27&beginDate_yyyy=1973&endDate_mm=05&endDate_dd=27&endDate_yyyy=1973&county=JEFFERSON%3A73&county=ST.%2BCLAIR%3A115&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=1%2CALABAMA.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Hale/Perry/Bibb/Shelby/Talladega Counties, F4 tornado, 27 May 1973". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28C%29+Tornado&beginDate_mm=05&beginDate_dd=27&beginDate_yyyy=1973&endDate_mm=05&endDate_dd=27&endDate_yyyy=1973&county=JEFFERSON%3A73&county=ST.%2BCLAIR%3A115&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=1%2CALABAMA.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Highland Park/Detroit, F2 tornado, 2 July 1997". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5607602.
- ↑ "National Disaster Survey Report 71-2: Mississippi Delta Tornadoes of February 21, 1971". U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.weather.gov/media/publications/assessments/Mississippi%20Delta%20ornados%20February%201971.pdf.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Pulaski/Saline Counties, Arkansas, F4 tornado, 1 March 1997". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28C%29+Tornado&beginDate_mm=03&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=1997&endDate_mm=03&endDate_dd=01&endDate_yyyy=1997&county=PULASKI%3A119&county=SALINE%3A125&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=5%2CARKANSAS.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Rutherford County, Tennessee, EF4 tornado, 10 April 2009". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=165128.
- ↑ "Storm Events Database, Dickson/Davidson/Sumner Counties, Tennessee, F3 tornado, 7 April 2006". National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?tornfilter=3&sort=DT&statefips=47%2CTENNESSEE&eventType=%28C%29+Tornado&beginDate_yyyy=2006&beginDate_mm=04&beginDate_dd=07&endDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=04&endDate_dd=07.
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