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List of southernmost items

Topic: Earth

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 15 min
Short description: None


The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.

Cities and settlements

See also: Earth:Southernmost settlements
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Capital (of an independent nation) New Zealand Wellington, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E / 41.28889°S 174.77722°E / -41.28889; 174.77722 (Wellington, New Zealand)
Permanent settlement of any size Antarctica Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica [ ⚑ ] 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica)
Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1] Antarctica McMurdo Station, Antarctica [ ⚑ ] 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.85°S 166.667°E / -77.85; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica)
Hamlet (excluding research stations) Chile Puerto Toro, Chile [ ⚑ ] 55°5′0″S 67°4′30″W / 55.083333°S 67.075°W / -55.083333; -67.075 (Puerto Toro, Chile)
Town > 1,000 people Chile Puerto Williams, Chile [ ⚑ ] 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Puerto Williams, Chile)
City > 50,000 people Argentina Ushuaia, Argentina [ ⚑ ] 54°48′S 68°18′W / 54.8°S 68.3°W / -54.8; -68.3 (Ushuaia, Argentina)
City > 100,000 people Chile Punta Arenas, Chile [ ⚑ ] 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile)
City > 150,000 people Argentina Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina [ ⚑ ] 45°51′53″S 67°28′51″W / 45.86472°S 67.48083°W / -45.86472; -67.48083 (Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina)
City > 250,000 people New Zealand Christchurch, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 43°31′48″S 172°37′13″E / 43.53°S 172.62028°E / -43.53; 172.62028 (Christchurch, New Zealand)
City > 500,000 people Argentina Mar del Plata, Argentina [ ⚑ ] 38°00′S 57°33′W / 38°S 57.55°W / -38; -57.55 (Mar del Plata, Argentina)
Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people Australia Melbourne, Australia [ ⚑ ] 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E / 37.81361°S 144.96306°E / -37.81361; 144.96306 (Melbourne, Australia)
Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina [ ⚑ ] 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W / 34.60333°S 58.38167°W / -34.60333; -58.38167 (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people Brazil São Paulo, Brazil [ ⚑ ] 23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W / 23.55167°S 46.63361°W / -23.55167; -46.63361 (São Paulo, Brazil)

Geography

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Body of water (navigable) Bay of Whales, Ross Sea [ ⚑ ] 78°30′S 164°20′W / 78.5°S 164.333°W / -78.5; -164.333
Land (excluding Antarctica) Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands [ ⚑ ] 59°31′50″S 27°23′50″W / 59.53056°S 27.39722°W / -59.53056; -27.39722

Islands

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Any island (above sea level) Deverall Island [ ⚑ ] 81°28′S 161°54′E / 81.467°S 161.9°E / -81.467; 161.9
Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered) Ross Island [ ⚑ ] 77°50′S 166°40′E / 77.833°S 166.667°E / -77.833; 166.667
Any size excluding Antarctica Thule Island [ ⚑ ] 59°27′S 27°18′W / 59.45°S 27.3°W / -59.45; -27.3
Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile [ ⚑ ] 55°02′S 56°27′W / 55.033°S 56.45°W / -55.033; -56.45
Island > 100,000 km2 South Island, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 46°40′S 169°00′E / 46.667°S 169°E / -46.667; 169
Coral atoll Elizabeth Reef, Australia [ ⚑ ] 29°57′S 159°04′E / 29.95°S 159.067°E / -29.95; 159.067

The southernmost point of Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.

Nature

Animals

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) seen at the South Pole[2] [ ⚑ ] 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (South Pole, Antarctica)
Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum) Southern tip of South America[3] [ ⚑ ] 53°54′S 71°18′W / 53.9°S 71.3°W / -53.9; -71.3 (Gray four-eyed frog)
Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) Southern Ocean[4][5] 80th parallel south
Land mammal: Olive grass mouse (Abrothrix olivacea) Hornos Island, Chile[6] [ ⚑ ] 55°56′38.68″S 67°17′21″W / 55.9440778°S 67.28917°W / -55.9440778; -67.28917 (Abrothrix)
Marsupial: Patagonian opossum (Lestodelphys halli) Estancia La Madrugada, Argentina[7] [ ⚑ ] 47°06′00″S 66°29′01″W / 47.1°S 66.48361°W / -47.1; -66.48361 (Lestodelphys)
Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicus Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego[8] [ ⚑ ] 52°22′57″S 68°24′36″W / 52.382367°S 68.409956°W / -52.382367; -68.409956 (Liolaemus)
Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica) Refuge Islands[9][10] [ ⚑ ] 68°21′S 67°10′W / 68.35°S 67.167°W / -68.35; -67.167 (Antarctic midge)
Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Electrona antarctica Ross Sea[11] 75th parallel south

Plants

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Flowering plants (in greenhouses) Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica[12] [ ⚑ ] 90°00′S 139°16′W / 90°S 139.267°W / -90; -139.267 (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica)
Ferns (Blechnum penna-marina, naturally occurring) Hornos Island, Chile[13] [ ⚑ ] 55°56′38.68″S 67°16′51″W / 55.9440778°S 67.28083°W / -55.9440778; -67.28083 (Hornos Island, Chile)
Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica[14] [ ⚑ ] 68°42′S 67°32′W / 68.7°S 67.533°W / -68.7; -67.533 (Terra Firma Islands)
Trees (Nothofagus betuloides, naturally occurring) Hornos Island, Chile[15] [ ⚑ ] 55°58′S 67°15′W / 55.967°S 67.25°W / -55.967; -67.25 (Cape Horn)
Conifers (Pilgerodendron uviferum, naturally occurring) Tierra del Fuego, Chile[16][17] [ ⚑ ] 54°20′S 70°7′W / 54.333°S 70.117°W / -54.333; -70.117 (Tierra del Fuego)
Palms (nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida), naturally occurring) Chatham Islands, New Zealand[18] [ ⚑ ] 44°02′S 176°26′W / 44.033°S 176.433°W / -44.033; -176.433 (Chatham Islands, New Zealand)

Agriculture

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Cattle farm Estancia Moat, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[19] [ ⚑ ] 54°58′32″S 66°44′41″W / 54.97556°S 66.74472°W / -54.97556; -66.74472 (Estancia Moat)
Cherry orchard Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina[20] [ ⚑ ] 46°32′30″S 71°39′20″W / 46.54167°S 71.65556°W / -46.54167; -71.65556
Potato farm Centro Experimental Kampenaike, Magallanes Region, Chile[21] [ ⚑ ] 52°37′59″S 70°32′41″W / 52.63306°S 70.54472°W / -52.63306; -70.54472
Rice field San Nicolás, Ñuble Region, Chile[22][23] [ ⚑ ] 36°30′12″S 72°12′44″W / 36.503333°S 72.212222°W / -36.503333; -72.212222 (San Nicolás)
Vineyard Chile Chico, Aysén Region, Chile[24] [ ⚑ ] 46°32′00″S 71°41′16″W / 46.5333333°S 71.68778°W / -46.5333333; -71.68778 (Viñedo experimental)

Education

Item Place Latitude/longitude
International Baccalaureate school John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand[25] [ ⚑ ] 45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E / 45.85472°S 170.49861°E / -45.85472; 170.49861 (John McGlashan College in Dunedin)
University National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina[26] [ ⚑ ] 54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W / 54.81583°S 68.31778°W / -54.81583; -68.31778 (Ushuaia, Argentina)
Kindergarten Puerto Williams,[27] Chile [ ⚑ ] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.6166667°W / -54.93306; -67.6166667 (Kindergarten in Puerto Williams)
Secondary school Puerto Williams, Chile[28] [ ⚑ ] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.6166667°W / -54.93306; -67.6166667 (Puerto Williams, Chile)
Primary school Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica[29] [ ⚑ ] 63°24′S 57°00′W / 63.4°S 57°W / -63.4; -57 (Esperanza Base, Antarctica)

Science and technology

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Astronomical observatory South Pole Telescope, Antarctica [ ⚑ ] 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (South Pole Telescope, Antarctica)
Permanent scientific
research station 		Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica [ ⚑ ] 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica)
Planetarium Tūhura Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand[30] [ ⚑ ] 45°51′56″S 170°30′38″E / 45.86556°S 170.51056°E / -45.86556; 170.51056 (Otago Museum)
Nuclear power plant Atucha I, Argentina[31] [ ⚑ ] 33°58′S 59°12′W / 33.967°S 59.2°W / -33.967; -59.2 (Atucha I Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina)
[ ⚑ ] 33°58′S 59°12′W / 33.967°S 59.2°W / -33.967; -59.2 (Atucha II Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina)

Historical sites and archaeological findings

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Prehistoric archaeological site Yaghan people's Cape Horn hunting camp,[32] Chile. [ ⚑ ] 55°58′19″S 67°15′50″W / 55.97183°S 67.264006°W / -55.97183; -67.264006 (Isla Hornos, Chile)

Transportation

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica [ ⚑ ] 89°59′22″S 1°00′00″W / 89.98944°S 1°W / -89.98944; -1 (Jack F. Paulus Skiway, Antarctica)
Seaport/Harbour Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica[33] [ ⚑ ] 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.85°S 166.667°E / -77.85; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica)
Narrow gauge railway Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica[34][35]

The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island.[34]

[ ⚑ ] 66°40′S 140°01′E / 66.667°S 140.017°E / -66.667; 140.017 (Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica)
Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile [ ⚑ ] 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport)
International airport Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina [ ⚑ ] 54°50′S 68°17′W / 54.833°S 68.283°W / -54.833; -68.283 (Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport)
Traffic light Hipólito Yrigoyen/Constitución Fueguina, Ushuaia, Argentina [ ⚑ ] 54°49′42″S 68°20′04″W / 54.82834°S 68.33436°W / -54.82834; -68.33436
Suspension bridge Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands[36] [ ⚑ ] 51°51′14″S 59°01′04″E / 51.853912°S 59.017825°E / -51.853912; 59.017825 (Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge)
Railway Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina[37] [ ⚑ ] 54°48′S 68°18′W / 54.8°S 68.3°W / -54.8; -68.3 (Ushuaia, Argentina)
Electrified railway Wellington station, Wellington, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 41°16′43″S 174°46′51″E / 41.27861°S 174.78083°E / -41.27861; 174.78083
Metro station Anzac railway station, Melbourne, Australia [ ⚑ ] 37°49′59″S 144°58′20″E / 37.83306°S 144.97222°E / -37.83306; 144.97222 (opening 2025)
Tramway system Christchurch Heritage Tram, Christchurch, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 43°32′07″S 172°38′28″E / 43.53528°S 172.64111°E / -43.53528; 172.64111 (Christchurch Heritage Tram) (southernmost point of route)
Tramway system (as part of mass transit, excluding heritage routes) Melbourne, Australia [ ⚑ ] 37°54′52″S 145°1′0″E / 37.91444°S 145.016667°E / -37.91444; 145.016667 (southernmost point of route)
Trolleybus Valparaíso, Chile [ ⚑ ] 33°2′46″S 71°36′16″W / 33.04611°S 71.60444°W / -33.04611; -71.60444

Recreation

Sport

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Bowling club Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand[38] [ ⚑ ] 46°53′57″S 168°07′43″E / 46.899224°S 168.128746°E / -46.899224; 168.128746 (Stewart Island Bowling Club)
Ski resort Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[39] [ ⚑ ] 54°43′S 68°00′W / 54.717°S 68°W / -54.717; -68 (Cerro Castor)
Golf club Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina[40] [ ⚑ ] 54°49′52″S 68°25′02″W / 54.831183°S 68.417283°W / -54.831183; -68.417283 (Ushuaia Golf Club)

Religious buildings

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Church (ice-made) Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica[41][42] [ ⚑ ] 77°52′S 34°37′W / 77.867°S 34.617°W / -77.867; -34.617 (Belgrano II Base, Antarctica)
Church (regular) [ ⚑ ] 62°12′S 58°58′W / 62.2°S 58.967°W / -62.2; -58.967 (King George Island, Antarctica)
Mormon church Puerto Williams, Chile[43] [ ⚑ ] 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Mormon church of Puerto Williams, Chile)
Cathedral El Sagrado Corazón, Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile[44] [ ⚑ ] 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile)
Hindu temple Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile[45] [ ⚑ ] 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile)
Mosque Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand[46] [ ⚑ ] 46°24′35″S 168°23′20″E / 46.40972°S 168.38889°E / -46.40972; 168.38889 (Invercargill, New Zealand)
Synagogue Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand[47][48] [ ⚑ ] 45°52′S 170°30′E / 45.867°S 170.5°E / -45.867; 170.5 (Dunedin, New Zealand)
Buddhist stupa the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand[49] [ ⚑ ] 45°51′S 170°39′E / 45.85°S 170.65°E / -45.85; 170.65 (Portobello, New Zealand)
Sikh Gurdwara Dunedin Gurdwara Singh Sabha Trust, former Forbury Park Raceway, Dunedin, New Zealand[50] [ ⚑ ] 45°54′26.72″S 170°29′47.30″E / 45.9074222°S 170.496472°E / -45.9074222; 170.496472 (Dunedin Gurdwara Singh Sabha Trust)

Shops and service facilities

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Tourist office Puerto Williams,[51] Chile [ ⚑ ] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.6166667°W / -54.93306; -67.6166667 (Puerto Williams, Chile)
Restaurant Lodge Lakutaia,[52] Puerto Williams, Chile [ ⚑ ] 54°56′12″S 67°36′47″W / 54.936789°S 67.613039°W / -54.936789; -67.613039
Cinema [ ⚑ ] 62°14′S 58°40′W / 62.233°S 58.667°W / -62.233; -58.667 (Jubany)
Public post office Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica[53] [ ⚑ ] 64°49′S 63°30′W / 64.817°S 63.5°W / -64.817; -63.5 (Port Lockroy, Antarctica)
Bar Faraday Bar,[54] Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica [ ⚑ ] 65°14′45″S 64°15′27″W / 65.245747°S 64.257391°W / -65.245747; -64.257391
Automated teller machine McMurdo Station, Antarctica[55] [ ⚑ ] 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.85°S 166.667°E / -77.85; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica)

International brand names

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Mercedes-Benz retailer Mario Bonetto Rodados y Servicios, Ushuaia, Argentina [ ⚑ ] 54°48′05″S 68°17′06″W / 54.80131°S 68.28499°W / -54.80131; -68.28499
Toyota retailer Celentano Motors, Ushuaia, Argentina [ ⚑ ] 54°47′30″S 68°14′12″W / 54.79156°S 68.23678°W / -54.79156; -68.23678
Volkswagen retailer Ushuaia, Argentina [ ⚑ ] 54°47′27″S 68°14′25″W / 54.79077°S 68.24022°W / -54.79077; -68.24022
Mobil petrol station Invercargill, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E / 46.42944°S 168.36167°E / -46.42944; 168.36167 [56]
Tesla retailer Wigram, Christchurch, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 43°32′44″S 172°33′34″E / 43.54562°S 172.55936°E / -43.54562; 172.55936 [57]
H&M Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E / 43.5333333°S 172.63778°E / -43.5333333; 172.63778 [58]
Shell petrol station Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia [ ⚑ ] 43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E / 43°S 147.32028°E / -43; 147.32028 [59]
Aldi Wonthaggi, Victoria, Australia [ ⚑ ] 38°36′15″S 145°35′34″E / 38.60429°S 145.59273°E / -38.60429; 145.59273
7-Eleven Rosebud, Victoria, Australia [ ⚑ ] 38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E / 38.35694°S 144.90111°E / -38.35694; 144.90111 [60]
ECCO Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia [ ⚑ ] 37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E / 37.97083°S 145.08917°E / -37.97083; 145.08917 [61]
IKEA Springvale, Melbourne, Australia [ ⚑ ] 37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E / 37.92667°S 145.14333°E / -37.92667; 145.14333
Zara Chadstone Shopping Centre, Malvern East, Melbourne, Australia [ ⚑ ] 37°53′05″S 145°05′00″E / 37.88464°S 145.08320°E / -37.88464; 145.08320

Franchised food brands

Item Place Latitude/longitude
Hard Rock Cafe Ushuaia, Argentina [ ⚑ ] 54°48′25″S 68°18′23″W / 54.806825°S 68.3062502°W / -54.806825; -68.3062502
Domino's Pizza Punta Arenas, Chile [ ⚑ ] 53°08′20″S 70°53′23″W / 53.138801°S 70.889852°W / -53.138801; -70.889852
KFC Punta Arenas, Chile[62] [ ⚑ ] 53°07′52″S 70°54′33″W / 53.131076°S 70.909104°W / -53.131076; -70.909104
Pizza Hut Invercargill, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 46°25′40″S 168°21′41″E / 46.427798°S 168.361313°E / -46.427798; 168.361313
Subway Invercargill, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 46°25′40″S 168°21′42″E / 46.427908°S 168.361736°E / -46.427908; 168.361736
McDonald's Invercargill, New Zealand[63] [ ⚑ ] 46°25′15″S 168°21′41″E / 46.420921°S 168.361503°E / -46.420921; 168.361503
Burger King Invercargill, New Zealand[64] [ ⚑ ] 46°24′48″S 168°21′42″E / 46.413267°S 168.361750°E / -46.413267; 168.361750
Starbucks Invercargill, New Zealand[65] [ ⚑ ] 46°24′43″S 168°20′57″E / 46.411950°S 168.349075°E / -46.411950; 168.349075
Wendy's Dunedin, New Zealand[66] [ ⚑ ] 45°53′38″S 170°30′14″E / 45.894013°S 170.503808°E / -45.894013; 170.503808
Taco Bell Dunedin North, Dunedin, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 45°51′39″S 170°30′45″E / 45.86095°S 170.51238°E / -45.86095; 170.51238
Denny's Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 43°32′25″S 172°38′21″E / 43.54034°S 172.63921°E / -43.54034; 172.63921
Baskin-Robbins Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia [ ⚑ ] 37°49′50″S 145°03′24″E / 37.830423°S 145.056742°E / -37.830423; 145.056742

Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria

Item Place Latitude/longitude
National park Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Chile [ ⚑ ] 55°49′58″S 67°25′58″W / 55.83278°S 67.43278°W / -55.83278; -67.43278 (Cabo de Hornos National Park)
Penguin reserve Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile[67]
Aviary Queens Park Aviary, Invercargill, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 46°24′13″S 168°21′37″E / 46.40361°S 168.36028°E / -46.40361; 168.36028
Botanical garden Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Argentina[68] [ ⚑ ] 54°47′07″S 68°16′56″W / 54.78528°S 68.28222°W / -54.78528; -68.28222

Other

Item Place Latitude/longitude
UNESCO world heritage site (natural) French Austral Land and Seas[69] Template:Coord/display/ (southernmost Point)
UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) Cueva de las Manos, Argentina[70] [ ⚑ ] 47°09′S 70°40′W / 47.15°S 70.667°W / -47.15; -70.667 (Cueva de las Manos, Argentina)
Skyscraper (>100 m) Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 41°17′19″S 174°46′27″E / 41.288501°S 174.774296°E / -41.288501; 174.774296 (Majestic Centre)
Opera house Oamaru Opera House, Oamaru, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 45°05′55″S 170°58′13″E / 45.0986°S 170.9703°E / -45.0986; 170.9703 (Oamaru Opera House)
High-rise building Cue Building,[71] Invercargill, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 46°24′40″S 168°20′57″E / 46.4110°S 168.3493°E / -46.4110; 168.3493 (Cue Building)
Mine Invierno mine, Riesco Island, Chile[72] [ ⚑ ] 52°52′12″S 71°37′31″W / 52.87°S 71.62528°W / -52.87; -71.62528 (Mina Invierno)
Brewery Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina[73] [ ⚑ ] 54°47′24″S 68°15′57″W / 54.789983°S 68.265745°W / -54.789983; -68.265745 (Cerveza Artesenal Beagle)
Lighthouse Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile[74] [ ⚑ ] 55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W / 55.965°S 67.22°W / -55.965; -67.22
Bell tower Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church, Milton, New Zealand [ ⚑ ] 46°07′22″S 169°57′25″E / 46.12278°S 169.95694°E / -46.12278; 169.95694 (Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church)
Place of birth of a human Esperanza Base, Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) [75] [ ⚑ ] 63°24′S 57°00′W / 63.4°S 57°W / -63.4; -57 (Esperanza Base, Antarctica)
Cemetery Buromskiy Island, Antarctica[76] [ ⚑ ] 66°32′S 93°00′E / 66.533°S 93°E / -66.533; 93 (Buromskiy Island Cemetery)

See also

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 
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References

  1. ↑ "4.0 Antarctica - Past and Present". https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1997/antpanel/4past.htm. 
  2. ↑ "Skuas - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection". http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/wildlife/birds/skuas.shtml. 
  3. ↑ Fairbanks, Mailing Address: 101 Dunkel St Suite 110; Us, AK 99701 Phone: 907459-3730 Contact. "Amphibians 101 - Gates Of The Arctic National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)". https://www.nps.gov/gaar/learn/nature/wood-frog-page-5.htm. 
  4. ↑ "Antarctica: Marine Mammals". http://www.marinebio.net/marinescience/04benthon/AAmammals.htm. 
  5. ↑ Routti, Heli; Krafft, Bjørn A.; Herzke, Dorte; Eisert, Regina; Oftedal, Olav (February 1, 2015). "Perfluoroalkyl substances detected in the world's southernmost marine mammal, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)". Environmental Pollution 197: 62–67. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.026. PMID 25497307. 
  6. ↑ "Vive en el país y es el mamífero terrestre más austral del mundo: científicos estudian su increíble adaptación" (in Spanish). Qué Pasa (La Tercera). 2024-07-04. https://www.latercera.com/que-pasa/noticia/vive-en-el-pais-y-es-el-mamifero-terrestre-mas-austral-del-mundo-cientificos-estudian-su-increible-adaptacion/4GTMFMJC7ZGORPDKL5TNF6EYPQ/#. 
  7. ↑ Birney, Elmer C.; Monjeau, J. Adrian; Phillips, Carleton J. Sikes, Robert S.; Kim, Iksoo. 1996. Lestodelphys halli: new information on a poorly known Argentine marsupial. Mastozoología Neotropical 3:171-181.
  8. ↑ Jaksic, Fabian M. (2022). "Historical account and current ecological knowledge of the southernmost lizard in the world, Liolaemus magellanicus (Squamata: Liolaemidae)". Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 95 (7). doi:10.1186/s40693-022-00112-y. 
  9. ↑ "Stress tolerance in a polyextremophile: The southernmost insect | Request PDF". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271714668. 
  10. ↑ Usher, Michael B.; Edwards, Marion (September 1, 1984). "A dipteran from south of the Antarctic Circle: Belgica antarctica (Chironomidae) with a description of its larva". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 23 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00803.x. https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/23/1/19/2666295. Retrieved March 23, 2020. 
  11. ↑ "Archived copy". http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/508228/1/Atlas_Chap.7-Duhamel_et_al_2014-F.pdf. 
  12. ↑ "UA, Tempe company bring veggies to South Pole". http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/business/articles/1110greenhouse10.html. 
  13. ↑ "Blechnum asplenioides (Blechnum asplenioides)". https://earthpedia.earth.com/plant-encyclopedia/pteridophytes/blechnaceae/blechnum-asplenioides/. 
  14. ↑ Smith, Roff. "Frozen Under". National Geographic. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com:80/ngm/data/2001/12/01/html/ft_20011201.1.html. Retrieved 2012-06-23. 
  15. ↑ Welch, Craig (July 2020). "The tree at the bottom of the world—and the wind-blasted trek to find it". National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/07/journey-to-the-worlds-southernmost-tree/. 
  16. ↑ Soto, Daniel P.; Le Quesne, Carlos; Lara, Antonio; Gardner, Martin F. (2007). "Precarious conservation status of Pilgerodendron uviferum forests in their northern distribution in the Chilean Coastal Range". Bosque 28 (3): 263–270. doi:10.4067/S0717-92002007000300012. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1731/173113292012.pdf. 
  17. ↑ Allnutt, T.R.; Newton, A.C.; Premoli, A.; Lara, A. (2003). "Genetic variation in the threatened South American conifer Pilgerodendron uviferum (Cupressaceae), detected using RAPD markers". Biological Conservation 114 (2): 245–253. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00044-2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703000442. 
  18. ↑ "Bushmansfriend: Forest walks, Nature Photography & NZ Flora - Native Plant Information - New Zealand, native trees, natives, shrubs, information". http://www.bushmansfriend.co.nz/xurl/PageID/9165/ArticleID/-33868/function/moreinfo/content.html. 
  19. ↑ Hoffmann, M. A. (1974). The southernmost cattle exploitation in the world. Development action of the Argentine Army in an isle of Tierra del Fuego. (in Spanish). Anales de la Sociedad Rural Argentina.
  20. ↑ "Los Antiguos: la cereza más austral del mundo" (in Spanish). LRA Radio Nacional. 2022-07-22. https://www.radionacional.com.ar/los-antiguos-la-cereza-mas-austral-del-mundo/. 
  21. ↑ "Chile: INIA prepara la cosecha más austral de papa semilla certificada" (in Spanish). Argenpapa. 2020-04-03. https://www.argenpapa.com.ar/noticia/8837-chile-inia-prepara-la-cosecha-mas-austral-de-papa-semilla-certificada. 
  22. ↑ Paredes, C.M.; Becerra, V.V.; Donoso, Ñ.G.; Cruz, G.M. (2021) Tolerancia al frío en el cultivo del arroz en el mundo. In: Paredes, C.M. (et al. (eds.)) 100 años del cultivo del arroz en Chile en un contexto internacional 1920-2020. Tomo I. Colección Libros INIA no. 40. Chillán (Chile): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, p. 188-214. ISBN 978-956-7016-51-8
  23. ↑ "Presente y perspectivas futuras del cultivo del arroz en Chile" (in Spanish). Mundo Agro. 2020-11-30. https://mundoagro.cl/presente-y-perspectivas-futuras-del-cultivo-del-arroz-en-chile/. 
  24. ↑ "Keokén, el viñedo más austral de Chile" (in Spanish). https://wip.cl/keoken-hasta-donde-hemos-podido-llegar/. 
  25. ↑ "John McGlashan College". http://www.ibo.org/en/school/001178/. 
  26. ↑ "Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego »". UNTDF. http://www.untdf.edu.ar. 
  27. ↑ ": : Dirección de Bienestar de la Armada de Chile : :". http://www.bienestararmada.cl/prontus_bienestar/antialone.html?page=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bienestararmada.cl%2Fprontus_bienestar%2Fsite%2Fartic%2F20071016%2Fpags%2F20071016080826.html. 
  28. ↑ "WWW. Municipalidad Cabo de Hornos. CL". http://www.municipalidadcabodehornos.cl/Paginas/liceo/t_director.htm. 
  29. ↑ "Escuela Nº38 Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín". http://www.marambio.aq/escuela38.html. 
  30. ↑ "World's southernmost planetarium opens in Dunedin". Newshub. https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2015/12/worlds-southernmost-planetarium-opens-in-dunedin.html. 
  31. ↑ "Nucleoeléctrica Argentina (in Spanish)". http://www.na-sa.com.ar/centrales. 
  32. ↑ Buma, Brian; Morello, Flavia; Rodriguez, Karina; Fillol, Alberto Serrano (October 2022). "Antiquity announcement: Isla Hornos/Isla Lököshpi". Antiquity 96 (389): 1324–1329. doi:10.15184/aqy.2022.91. 
  33. ↑ Klein, Andrew G.; Kennicutt, Mahlon C.; Wolff, Gary A.; Sweet, Steve T.; Bloxom, Tiffany; Gielstra, Dianna A.; Cleckley, Marietta (2008). "The historical development of McMurdo station, Antarctica, an environmental perspective". Polar Geography 31 (3): 119–144. doi:10.1080/10889370802579856. "Winter Quarters Bay is the world's southernmost port.". 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 David Rootes (1988). A concise account of Signy Base 'H'. British Antarctic Survey. p. 17. ISBN 085665129X. 
  35. ↑ Martin Coombs. "Big whales, small engines!". Railways of the Far South. http://www.railwaysofthefarsouth.co.uk/11cwhaling.html. Retrieved 2022-01-03. 
  36. ↑ "Southern most Suspension Bridge". http://text.fostlong-photography.com/Southern-most-Suspension-Bridge. 
  37. ↑ "Tren del Fin del Mundo Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego Argentina". https://www.trendelfindelmundo.com.ar:443/es. 
  38. ↑ "Stewart Island bowling green opened - the world's southernmost green?". http://www.bowlsnz.co.nz/Category?Action=View&Category_id=2955. 
  39. ↑ Cerro Castor: esquí en el Fin del Mundo Revista Magna.
  40. ↑ "At the imposing Patagonian geography, the perfect combination of challenge and contemplation.". http://www.argentina.travel/en/xp/the-southernmost-golf-course/4252#.V7yq6CPr3q4. 
  41. ↑ "Church in ice cave at Belgrano II station, Antarctica". http://www.waponline.it/ChurchinAntarctica/tabid/65/Default.aspx. 
  42. ↑ "Mass at ice church in Belgrano II Base". http://www.ejercito.mil.ar/antartico/fotos/BaseBelgrano/pages/Misa_jpg.htm. 
  43. ↑ "Nearby Churches | ComeUntoChrist.org". https://www.comeuntochrist.org/worship-with-us/nearby-churches. 
  44. ↑ "Obispado de Punta Arenas". http://www.iglesia.cl/puntaarenas/. 
  45. ↑ Academy, Himalayan. "Hinduism Today Magazine". https://www.hinduismtoday.com/. 
  46. ↑ "Southland Muslim Association Inc, Invercargill, 9810, New Zealand - Islamic Centers, Masjids Mosques, Muslim Owned Businesses, Islamic Schools and Colleges". Islamicfinder.org. 2011-04-20. http://www.islamicfinder.org/getitWorld.php?id=96144. 
  47. ↑ "NZ Jewish Archives - Temple Sinai". http://www.sinai.org.nz/community/archives.html. 
  48. ↑ Google Books : The New Zealand Jewish Community By Stephen I. Levine
  49. ↑ "Dhargyey Buddhist Centre Home Page". https://dbc.dharmakara.net/. 
  50. ↑ "Scripture shifts to new gurdwara". https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/scripture-shifts-new-gurdwara. 
  51. ↑ [1]
  52. ↑ "☞ The Most Southern Restaurant in the World / Самые южный ресторан в мире". http://restoran.us/trivia/southern.htm. 
  53. ↑ "UKAHT - UKAHT". http://www.ukaht.org/. 
  54. ↑ "Having A drink At The World's Southernmost Bar". March 11, 2016. https://annualadventure.com/southernmost-bar-antarctica/. 
  55. ↑ "Group". http://consumerist.com/2010/07/rejoice-penguins-wells-fargo-has-an-atm-in-antartica.html. 
  56. ↑ "Find Gas Stations Near Me | Esso Fuel Finder". http://www.fuels.esso.co.th/en-th/find-station?latitude1=-46.37451105273903&longitude1=168.29256184082033&latitude2=-46.43369711214521&longitude2=168.4120381591797. 
  57. ↑ "Tesla stores in New Zealand". https://www.tesla.com/en_US/findus/list/stores/New%20Zealand. 
  58. ↑ [2] "Store Locator"
  59. ↑ [3] "Fuel Finder; Gas Station Locator"
  60. ↑ "Find a Store - Find Coffee, Gas, Food & More Nearby | 7-Eleven". https://www.7-eleven.com/locator. 
  61. ↑ "Service". https://global.ecco.com:443/en/service/find-a-store. 
  62. ↑ "KFC Punta Arenas: The End of the World’s Bucket is Here!". 2024-10-17. https://global.kfc.com/press-releases/kfc-punta-arenas-the-end-of-the-world-s-bucket-is-here. 
  63. ↑ "Southernmost McDonald's in the world in Invercargill, New Zealand". 2011-06-16. http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/southernmost-mcdonalds-in-the-world/. 
  64. ↑ "City to hold meetings to discuss plans for upcoming bicycle boulevard projects". http://www2.ljworld.com/marketplace/businesses/burger-king-5970/print/. 
  65. ↑ "Southern-most Starbucks draws tourist crowds". https://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/business/64893344/southern-most-starbucks-draws-tourist-crowds. 
  66. ↑ "World's southernmost Wendy's is now open in Dunedin". 2015-03-12. http://www.wendys.co.nz/news/. 
  67. ↑ Velez, Vitoria (2014-03-17). "Global warming a concern at Chile's penguin paradise". https://phys.org/news/2014-03-global-chile-penguin-paradise.html. 
  68. ↑ Mestre, L.; Caipillán, E.; Cánepa, L.; Rodríguez, S.; Herrera, M.L.; Fernández, L.; Argañaraz, C.I. (2021-09-09) (in Spanish). Creación del Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina (Report). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354472909. Retrieved 2022-11-30. 
  69. ↑ (in en) Winners & Losers: Episode 4 - UNESCO World Heritage Sites, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cv_m5RKQVQ, retrieved 2020-04-15 
  70. ↑ World Heritage List and List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas
  71. ↑ "Cue Building" (in English). https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1519581/cue-building-invercargill-new-zealand. 
  72. ↑ "The world's southernmost mines | MINING.com". http://www.mining.com/the-worlds-southernmost-mines/. 
  73. ↑ "101 Beer Experiences: Explore the edges of the world". January 18, 2016. https://draftmag.com/101-beer-experiences-explore-the-edges-of-the-world/. 
  74. ↑ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Southern Chile". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/chls.htm. 
  75. ↑ "Times On Line article on Antarctica". http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article2859563.ece. 
  76. ↑ "List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)". Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012. http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM35/WW/atcm35_ww003_e.pdf. 



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