List of sovereign states

Template:ExtentThe de facto ruling government, the  Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, has not been recognized by any state. The United Nations continues to recognize the  Islamic Republic of Afghanistan as the government of Afghanistan.^[5][6]

Template:ExtentAndorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,^[7] who himself is appointed with approval from the Holy See.

Template:ExtentAntigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 7]} with one autonomous region, Barbuda.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentArgentina is a federation of 23 provinces and one autonomous city.^{[lower-alpha 10]}

Template:ExtentArmenia is not recognized by Pakistan due to the dispute over Artsakh.^[10][11][12]

Template:ExtentAustralia is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 7]} and a federation of both states and territories. There are six states, three internal territories, six external territories and one claimed Antarctic external territory. The external territories of Australia are:

•  Ashmore and Cartier Islands
•  Christmas Island
• Template:Country data Cocos (Keeling) Islands
•  Coral Sea Islands Territory
•  Heard Island and McDonald Islands
•  Norfolk Island
•  Australian Antarctic Territory

Template:ExtentMember of the European Union.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Austria is a federation of nine states.

Template:ExtentAzerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan.^{[lower-alpha 8]} The de facto state of Artsakh has been established in the southwest of Azerbaijan.

Template:ExtentThe Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Template:ExtentMany states rescinded their recognition of President Alexander Lukashenko following the disputed 2020 election. Lithuania currently recognizes Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's Coordination Council as the legitimate government of Belarus.^[15]

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Belgium is a federation of three linguistic communities and three regions.

Template:ExtentBelize is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Template:ExtentBosnia and Herzegovina has two constituent entities:

•  Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
•  Republika Srpska

and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative district.^[16]

Template:ExtentBrazil is a federation of 26 states and one federal district.

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentCanada is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 7]} and a federation of ten provinces and three territories.

Template:Extent Chile has one special territory, Easter Island. ^{[lower-alpha 14]}

Template:ExtentChina contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, and Xinjiang.^{[lower-alpha 8]} Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:

•  Hong Kong
•  Macao

China claims, but does not control Taiwan, which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.^{[lower-alpha 16]}

China is not recognized by Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[". UN member states and Vatican City, which, with the exception of Bhutan, all recognize the Republic of China (Taiwan) instead.^{[lower-alpha 17]}

Template:ExtentComoros is a federation of three islands.^{[lower-alpha 18]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus.

Cyprus is not recognized by Turkey due to the Cyprus dispute, with Turkey recognizing Northern Cyprus.

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} The Kingdom of Denmark includes 2 self-governing territories:

•  Faroe Islands
•  Greenland

The metropolitan territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom.^{[lower-alpha 21]} The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law (in most cases) does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland. See Greenland and the European Union, and Faroe Islands and the European Union for more information.^[20][21]

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentEthiopia is a federation of eleven regions and two chartered cities.

Template:ExtentFiji contains one autonomous region, Rotuma.^{[lower-alpha 8][22][23]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

1. REDIRECT Template:Country data Åland Islands is a neutral and demilitarized autonomous region of Finland.^{[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 24]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} France contains five overseas regions/departments; French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of:

•  Clipperton Island
•  French Polynesia
•  New Caledonia
•  Saint Barthélemy
•  Saint Martin
•  Saint Pierre and Miquelon
•  Wallis and Futuna
• Template:Country data French Southern and Antarctic Lands^{[lower-alpha 25]}

Template:ExtentGeorgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.^{[lower-alpha 8]} In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Germany is a federation of 16 states.

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Greece contains one autonomous area, Mount Athos.^[25]

Template:ExtentGrenada is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentIndia is a federation of 28 states and eight union territories.

Template:ExtentIndonesia has eight autonomous provinces, Aceh, Jakarta, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentIraq is a federation^{[lower-alpha 18][29]} of 19 governorates, four of which make up the autonomous Kurdistan Region.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentIsrael exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. It has annexed East Jerusalem,^[31] an act not recognized by the international community.^[32] Israel has varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although it ended its permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, it is still considered to be the occupying power under international law.^{[33][34][35][36]} Israel is not recognized as a state by 28 UN members and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The Palestine Liberation Organization, recognized by a majority of UN member states as the representative of the Palestinian people, recognized Israel in 1993.

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentJamaica is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentMalaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentUnder Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Template:ExtentMauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentMexico is a federation of 31 states and one autonomous city. The Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities have de facto autonomy.

Template:ExtentUnder Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states.

Template:ExtentMoldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and the Left Bank of the Dniester. The latter and a city Bender (Tighina), is under the de facto control of Transnistria.

Template:ExtentPart of the Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara is controlled by the partially recognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

Template:ExtentWa State is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. The United Nations has not recognized the de facto ruling government of Myanmar, the State Administration Council.^[6]

Template:ExtentNepal is a federation composed of 7 provinces.

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy:

•  Aruba
•  Curaçao
•  Netherlands
•  Sint Maarten

Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three overseas parts of the Netherlands (Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of metropolitan Netherlands.^{[lower-alpha 31]} The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law only wholly applies to parts within Europe.

Template:ExtentNew Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,^{[lower-alpha 7]} and has one dependent territory and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory:

•  Tokelau
•  Ross Dependency

The New Zealand Government acts for the entire Realm of New Zealand in all international contexts, which has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states:

•  Cook Islands
•  Niue

The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with Template:Numrel and Template:Numrel UN members respectively.^[37][38] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,^[39] and are members of some UN specialized agencies.

Template:ExtentNicaragua contains two autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentNigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal territory.

Template:ExtentNorth Korea is not recognized by seven UN members, Botswana, Estonia, France, Israel, Japan, the United States, and South Korea, the last of which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.^[40]

Template:ExtentNorway has two unincorporated areas in Europe:

•  Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty.
•  Jan Mayen is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.

Norway has one dependent territory and two claimed Antarctic dependent territories in the Southern Hemisphere:

•  Bouvet Island
•  Peter I Island
•  Queen Maud Land

Template:ExtentPakistan is a federation of four provinces and one capital territory. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it,^[41][42] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.^[43][44] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:

•  Azad Kashmir
• Template:Country data Gilgit-Baltistan

Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.^[45][46][47] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defense) are performed by Pakistan.^[46][48][49]

Template:ExtentUnder Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Template:ExtentThe State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognized as a state by Israel but has received diplomatic recognition from [[International recognition of Template:Numrec/Palestine Template:Numrec/Palestine|Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".]] states.^[50] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.^[51] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.^[52] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,^[53] UNIDO and other international organizations.^[54]

Template:ExtentPapua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 7]} with one autonomous region, Bougainville.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentThe Philippines contains one autonomous region, Bangsamoro.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Portugal contains two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentRussia is a federation of 83  internationally recognized federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentSaint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 7]} and is a federation^{[lower-alpha 18]} of two islands, St. Kitts and Nevis.

Template:ExtentSaint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Template:ExtentSaint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Template:ExtentSão Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, Príncipe.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentSerbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.^{[lower-alpha 8]} The latter is under the de facto control of Kosovo.

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentSolomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Template:ExtentSomalia is a federation of six states. Two, Puntland and Galmudug, have self-declared autonomy, while one, Somaliland, is de facto independent.

Template:ExtentSouth Korea has one autonomous region, Jeju Province.^{[lower-alpha 8][55]} South Korea is not recognized by North Korea, which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.

Template:ExtentSouth Sudan is a federation of 10 states and three administrative areas.

• The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.^[56][57]

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]} Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities.^{[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 34]}

Template:ExtentSudan is a federation of 18 states.

• The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.^[56][57]

Template:ExtentMember of the EU.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Template:ExtentSwitzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.

Template:ExtentThe Syrian National Coalition, which is recognized as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war. Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: Rojava.

Template:ExtentTajikistan contains one autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentTanzania contains one autonomous region, Zanzibar.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentTrinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, Tobago.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentTuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Template:ExtentUkraine contains one autonomous region, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea,^{[lower-alpha 8]} which is under the control of Russia. Five other areas of Ukraine are under full or partial Russian control, including Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, Sevastopol, and Zaporizhzhia.

Template:ExtentThe United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.

Template:ExtentThe United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm^{[lower-alpha 7]} consisting of four constituent countries; England , Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following 13 overseas territories and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory:

•  Akrotiri and Dhekelia
•  Anguilla
•  Bermuda
•  British Indian Ocean Territory
•  British Virgin Islands
•  Cayman Islands
•  Falkland Islands
•  Gibraltar
•  Montserrat
•  Pitcairn Islands
•  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
•  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
•  Turks and Caicos Islands
• Template:Country data British Antarctic Territory

The British monarch also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown Dependencies:

•  Guernsey
•  Isle of Man
•  Jersey

Template:ExtentThe United States is a federation of 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory. Additionally, the Federal government of the United States has sovereignty over 13 unincorporated territories. Of these territories, the following five are inhabited possessions:

•  American Samoa
•  Guam
•  Northern Mariana Islands
•  Puerto Rico
•  U.S. Virgin Islands

It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories:

• Baker Island
• Howland Island
• Jarvis Island
• Johnston Atoll
• Kingman Reef
• Midway Atoll
• Navassa Island
• Wake Island

It also disputes sovereignty over the following two territories:

• Bajo Nuevo Bank
• Serranilla Bank

Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association:

•  Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands
•  Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia
•  Palau – Republic of Palau

Template:ExtentUzbekistan contains one autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Template:ExtentAdministered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to [[International recognition of Template:Numrec/Holy See Template:Numrec/Holy See|Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[". states]]. This figure consists of Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[". UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and the State of Palestine.^[58] In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of three UN specialized agencies (ITU, UPU, and WIPO) and the IAEA, as well as being a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")^[52] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City.

Template:ExtentVenezuela is a federation of 23 states, one capital district, and federal dependencies.

Template:ExtentRecognized by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.^[59] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.

Template:ExtentA de facto independent state,^[60][61][62] recognised only by Abkhazia,^[63] South Ossetia^[63] and Transnistria.^[63][64] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.^[65]

Template:ExtentA state in free association with New Zealand, Template:Numrel. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.^[39] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.

Template:ExtentPursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999.^[66] Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has received diplomatic recognition from 112 UN member states and the Republic of China, while 18 states have recognized Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.^[67] Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognize Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.

Template:ExtentA state in free association with New Zealand, Template:Numrel. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.^[39] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.

Template:Extent Recognized only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.^[68]

Template:ExtentRecognized at some stage by [[International recognition of Template:Numrec/Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Template:Numrec/Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[". UN member states]], Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[". of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian–African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian–African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.

Template:ExtentA de facto independent state,^{[60][69][70][71][72]} not diplomatically recognized by any other state, claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.^[73]

Template:ExtentA de facto independent state,^[74] recognized by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh, and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administration of South Ossetia.^[75]

Template:ExtentA state competing (nominally) for recognition with the China (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the island of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, and Pratas Island, as well as Taiping Island and Zhongzhou Reef of the Spratly Islands, and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.^[76] The ROC is recognized by [[International recognition of Template:Numrec/Republic of China Template:Numrec/Republic of China|Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".]] UN member states and the Holy See as of Template:Numrec/Republic of China Template:Numrec/Republic of China Template:Numrec/Republic of China, none of which recognize the PRC. Additionally, one UN member (Bhutan) has refrained from recognizing either the ROC or the PRC.

In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations^[77] with 58 UN member states, one self-declared state (Somaliland), three territories (Guam, Hong Kong, and Macau), and the European Union via its representative offices and consulates under the One China principle. Taiwan has the 31st-largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.^[78]

The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.^{[lower-alpha 16]} The ROC participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei" and in the WTO it has full membership under the designation of "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu". The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the UN Security Council. See China and the United Nations.

Template:ExtentA de facto independent state,^[60] recognized only by Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia.^[59] Claimed in whole by Moldova.^[79]