Ludlow epoch

Ludlow
	427.4 ± 0.5 – 423.0 ± 2.3 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Chronology
	Silurian graphical timeline This box: view · talk · edit -444 — – -442 — – -440 — – -438 — – -436 — – -434 — – -432 — – -430 — – -428 — – -426 — – -424 — – -422 — – -420 — – -418 — Paleozoic O Silurian D Late O Llandovery 95%;\|Wenlock}} 90%;\|Ludlow}} Přídolí Early D Rhuddanian Aeronian Telychian Sheinwoodian Homerian Gorstian Ludfordian ← Lau event ← Mulde event ← Ireviken event Subdivision of the Silurian according to the ICS, as of 2021.; Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.;
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Name ratified	1980
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Epoch
Stratigraphic unit	Series
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	FAD of the Graptolite Saetograptus (Colonograptus) varians
Lower boundary GSSP	Pitch Coppice, Ludlow, United Kingdom; [ ⚑ ] 52°21′33″N 2°46′38″W / 52.3592°N 2.7772°W
GSSP ratified	1980
Upper boundary definition	FAD of the Graptolite Monograptus parultimus.
Upper boundary GSSP	Požáry Section, Řeporyje District, Prague, Czechia; [ ⚑ ] 50°01′40″N 14°19′30″E / 50.0277°N 14.3249°E
GSSP ratified	1984

Short description: 3rd series of the Silurian

In the geological timescale, the Ludlow epoch (from 427.4 ± 0.5 million years ago to 423.0 ± 2.3 million years ago) occurred during the Silurian period, after the end of the Homerian age. It is named for the town of Ludlow in Shropshire, England .

The Ludlow epoch is subdivided into two stages: Gorstian and Ludfordian.

Paleontology

Arthropods

Arthropods of the Ludlow
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Arctinurus	Wenlock epoch to Ludlow epoch	Europe and North America	Large (up to 30 centimetres (12 in)) trilobite

References

↑ Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.
↑ Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.
↑ "Chart/Time Scale". International Commission on Stratigraphy. http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Holland, C. (1982). "The State of Silurian Stratigraphy". Episodes 1982 (3): 21–23. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1982/v5i3/004. https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/sheinwoodian-ludfordian.pdf. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
↑ Lucas, Sepncer (6 November 2018). "The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review". Frontiers in Earth Science 6: 191. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00191. Bibcode: 2018FrEaS...6..191L.
↑ Holland, C. (June 1985). "Series and Stages of the Silurian System". Episodes 8 (2): 101–103. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005. https://timescalefoundation.org/references/Silurian1.pdf. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

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[Jeppsson2007-1] Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.

[Munnecke2003-2] Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.

[3] "Chart/Time Scale". International Commission on Stratigraphy. http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale.

[silurianState-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Holland, C. (1982). "The State of Silurian Stratigraphy". Episodes 1982 (3): 21–23. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1982/v5i3/004. https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/sheinwoodian-ludfordian.pdf. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

[5] Lucas, Sepncer (6 November 2018). "The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review". Frontiers in Earth Science 6: 191. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00191. Bibcode: 2018FrEaS...6..191L.

[6] Holland, C. (June 1985). "Series and Stages of the Silurian System". Episodes 8 (2): 101–103. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005. https://timescalefoundation.org/references/Silurian1.pdf. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

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Ludlow epoch

Topic: Earth

Contents

Paleontology

Arthropods

See also

References

Ludlow
427.4 ± 0.5 – 423.0 ± 2.3 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Chronology
Silurian graphical timeline This box: view · talk · edit -444 — – -442 — – -440 — – -438 — – -436 — – -434 — – -432 — – -430 — – -428 — – -426 — – -424 — – -422 — – -420 — – -418 — Paleozoic O Silurian D Late O Llandovery 95%;\|Wenlock}} 90%;\|Ludlow}} Přídolí Early D Rhuddanian Aeronian Telychian Sheinwoodian Homerian Gorstian Ludfordian ← Lau event ← Mulde event^[1] ← Ireviken event^[2] Subdivision of the Silurian according to the ICS, as of 2021.^[3] Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Name ratified	1980^[4]
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Epoch
Stratigraphic unit	Series
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	FAD of the Graptolite Saetograptus (Colonograptus) varians
Lower boundary GSSP	Pitch Coppice, Ludlow, United Kingdom [ ⚑ ] 52°21′33″N 2°46′38″W / 52.3592°N 2.7772°W / 52.3592; -2.7772
GSSP ratified	1980^[4]
Upper boundary definition	FAD of the Graptolite Monograptus parultimus.
Upper boundary GSSP	Požáry Section, Řeporyje District, Prague, Czechia [ ⚑ ] 50°01′40″N 14°19′30″E / 50.0277°N 14.3249°E / 50.0277; 14.3249
GSSP ratified	1984^[5]^[6]