Meiji Seamount

Meiji Seamount
Meiji Seamount
	Elevation of the Pacific seafloor, showing the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain including Meiji Seamount near top.
Summit depth	approx. 2,000 m (6,562 ft)
Location
Location	North Pacific Ocean, east of the Kamchatka Peninsula
Coordinates	[ ⚑ ] : 53°12′N 164°30′E / 53.2°N 164.5°E
Geology
Type	Guyot
Volcanic arc/chain	Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain
Age of rock	82 million years

Short description: The oldest seamount in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain

Meiji Seamount, named after Emperor Meiji, the 122nd Emperor of Japan, is the oldest seamount in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, with an estimated age of 82 million years.^[1] It lies at the northernmost end of the chain, lies off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, and is perched at the outer slope of the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench.^[2] Like the rest of the Emperor seamounts, it was formed by the Hawaii hotspot volcanism, grew to become an island, and has since subsided to below sea level, all while being carried first north and now northwest by the motion of the Pacific Plate. Meiji Seamount is thus an example of a particular type of seamount known as a guyot, and some publications refer to it as Meiji Guyot.^[3]

Meiji Seamount will eventually be destroyed by subduction into the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench where it is carried by the ongoing plate motion,^[4] although this will not fully occur for several million more years if the current rate of motion is maintained. Although Meiji is the oldest extant seamount in the Hawaii-Emperor chain, the question of whether there were older seamounts in the chain which have already been subducted into the trench remains open, and is the subject of ongoing scientific research.

The Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 19, Hole 192A, recovered 13 m (43 ft) of pillow lava from near the summit of Meiji.^[5]^[6] The lavas were initially classified as alkali basalts on the basis of their mineralogy, but subsequent microprobe analyses of glass and pyroxene suggested that they are tholeiitic in origin. At least five flows were found.^[7]

References

Notes

↑ Metzger, Ellen Pletcher (1995). "The STRATegy COLUMN for Precollege Science Teachers--Hot Spots, Plumes, and Plate Motion" (in en). Journal of Geological Education 43 (4): 408–413. doi:10.5408/0022-1368-43.4.408. ISSN 0022-1368. Bibcode: 1995JGeoE..43..408M. http://nagt-jge.org/doi/10.5408/0022-1368-43.4.408.
↑ Jiang, Zhaoxia; Li, Sanzhong; Liu, Qingsong; Zhang, Jianli; Zhou, Zaizheng; Zhang, Yuzhen (2021). "The trials and tribulations of the Hawaii hot spot model" (in en). Earth-Science Reviews 215: 103544. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103544. Bibcode: 2021ESRv..21503544J. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S001282522100043X.
↑ Wei, Songqiao Shawn; Shearer, Peter M.; Lithgow-Bertelloni, Carolina; Stixrude, Lars; Tian, Dongdong (2020-11-20). "Oceanic plateau of the Hawaiian mantle plume head subducted to the uppermost lower mantle" (in en). Science 370 (6519): 983–987. doi:10.1126/science.abd0312. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33214281. Bibcode: 2020Sci...370..983W. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd0312.
↑ Bürgmann, Roland (2005). "Interseismic coupling and asperity distribution along the Kamchatka subduction zone" (in en). Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (B7): B07405. doi:10.1029/2005JB003648. ISSN 0148-0227. Bibcode: 2005JGRB..110.7405B. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2005JB003648.
↑ Dalrymple. G.B., Lanphere; M.A., Natland (1980), "K-Ar Minimum Age for Meiji Guyot, Emperor Seamount Chain", Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 55, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 55, U.S. Government Printing Office, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.129.1980, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.129.1980, retrieved 2022-08-10
↑ Scholl, David; Creager, Joe; Boyce, Robert; Echols, Ronald; Fullam, Timothy; Grow, John; Koizumi, Itaru; Lee, Homa et al. (1973). "Site 192" (in en). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 19. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 19. U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.19.111.1973. http://deepseadrilling.org/19/dsdp_toc.htm.
↑ Regelous, M.; Hofmann, A.W.; Abouchami, W; Galer, J.G. (2003-01-01). "Geochemistry of Lavas from the Emperor Seamounts, and the Geochemical Evolution of Hawaiian Magmatism from 85 to 42 Ma". Journal of Petrology 44 (1): 113–140. doi:10.1093/petrology/44.1.113. ISSN 1460-2415. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.1.113.

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[1] Metzger, Ellen Pletcher (1995). "The STRATegy COLUMN for Precollege Science Teachers--Hot Spots, Plumes, and Plate Motion" (in en). Journal of Geological Education 43 (4): 408–413. doi:10.5408/0022-1368-43.4.408. ISSN 0022-1368. Bibcode: 1995JGeoE..43..408M. http://nagt-jge.org/doi/10.5408/0022-1368-43.4.408.

[2] Jiang, Zhaoxia; Li, Sanzhong; Liu, Qingsong; Zhang, Jianli; Zhou, Zaizheng; Zhang, Yuzhen (2021). "The trials and tribulations of the Hawaii hot spot model" (in en). Earth-Science Reviews 215: 103544. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103544. Bibcode: 2021ESRv..21503544J. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S001282522100043X.

[3] Wei, Songqiao Shawn; Shearer, Peter M.; Lithgow-Bertelloni, Carolina; Stixrude, Lars; Tian, Dongdong (2020-11-20). "Oceanic plateau of the Hawaiian mantle plume head subducted to the uppermost lower mantle" (in en). Science 370 (6519): 983–987. doi:10.1126/science.abd0312. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33214281. Bibcode: 2020Sci...370..983W. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd0312.

[4] Bürgmann, Roland (2005). "Interseismic coupling and asperity distribution along the Kamchatka subduction zone" (in en). Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (B7): B07405. doi:10.1029/2005JB003648. ISSN 0148-0227. Bibcode: 2005JGRB..110.7405B. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2005JB003648.

[5] Dalrymple. G.B., Lanphere; M.A., Natland (1980), "K-Ar Minimum Age for Meiji Guyot, Emperor Seamount Chain", Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 55, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 55, U.S. Government Printing Office, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.129.1980, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.129.1980, retrieved 2022-08-10

[6] Scholl, David; Creager, Joe; Boyce, Robert; Echols, Ronald; Fullam, Timothy; Grow, John; Koizumi, Itaru; Lee, Homa et al. (1973). "Site 192" (in en). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 19. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 19. U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.19.111.1973. http://deepseadrilling.org/19/dsdp_toc.htm.

[7] Regelous, M.; Hofmann, A.W.; Abouchami, W; Galer, J.G. (2003-01-01). "Geochemistry of Lavas from the Emperor Seamounts, and the Geochemical Evolution of Hawaiian Magmatism from 85 to 42 Ma". Journal of Petrology 44 (1): 113–140. doi:10.1093/petrology/44.1.113. ISSN 1460-2415. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.1.113.

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v t e Hawaiian volcanism topics (list)
Windward Isles	South Arch volcanic field Lōʻihi Māhukona Hawaiʻi Kīlauea (Kīlauea Iki, Puʻu ʻŌʻō) Mauna Loa Hualālai Mauna Kea Kohala Kahoʻolawe Kauaʻi Kaʻula Lānaʻi Maui Haleakalā West Maui Molokaʻi Penguin Bank West Molokai Volcano East Molokai Volcano Niʻihau Oʻahu Honolulu Kaʻena Koʻolau North Arch volcanic field Waiʻanae
Leeward Isles	French Frigate Shoals Gardner Pinnacles Kure Atoll Laysan Lisianski Island Maro Reef Midway Atoll Necker Island Nihoa Pearl and Hermes Atoll
Emperor Seamounts	Abbott Colahan Daikakuji Detroit Hancock Jingū Kammu Kimmei Koko Meiji Nintoku Ojin Suiko Yomei Yuryaku
Notable eruptions and vents	1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption 1975 eruption of Mauna Loa 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa 2018 lower Puna eruption Halemaʻumaʻu Kīlauea Iki Mauna Ulu Puʻu ʻŌʻō
Topics	ʻAʻā (lava) Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes Haleakalā National Park Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain Hawaiian eruption Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Lava fountain Limu o Pele Pāhoehoe (lava) Pele's hair Pele's tears Puna Geothermal Venture

Meiji Seamount

Topic: Earth

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References