In ecology , an oasis (; pl. : oases ) is a fertile area of a desert or semi-desert environment[ 1] that sustains plant life and provides habitat for animals. Surface water may be present, or water may only be accessible from wells or underground channels created by humans. In geography, an oasis may be a current or past rest stop on a transportation route, or less-than-verdant location that nonetheless provides access to underground water through deep wells created and maintained by humans. Although they depend on a natural condition, such as the presence of water that may be stored in reservoirs and used for irrigation, most oases, as we know them, are artificial.[ 2]
The word oasis came into English from Latin : oasis , from Ancient Greek : ὄασις , óasis , which in turn is a direct borrowing from Demotic Egyptian . The word for oasis in the latter-attested Coptic language (the descendant of Demotic Egyptian) is wahe or ouahe which means a "dwelling place".[ 3] Oasis in Arabic is wāḥa (Arabic : واحة ).
Description
Oases develop in "hydrologically favored" locations that have attributes such as a high water table , seasonal lakes, or blockaded wadis .[ 4] Oases are made when sources of freshwater, such as springs , underground rivers, or aquifers irrigate the surface naturally or via man-made wells.[ 5] The presence of water on the surface or underground is necessary and the local or regional management of this essential resource is strategic, but not sufficient to create such areas: continuous human work and know-how (a technical and social culture) are essential to maintain such ecosystems.[ 6] [ 7] Some of the possible human contributions to maintaining an oasis include digging and maintaining wells, digging and maintaining canals, and continuously removing opportunistic plants that threaten to gorge themselves on water and fertility needed to maintain human and animal food supplies.[ 8] Stereotypically, an oasis has a "central pool of open water surrounded by a ring of water-dependent shrubs and trees…which are in turn encircled by an outlying transition zone to desert plants."[ 9]
Rain showers provide subterranean water to sustain natural oases, such as the Tuat. Substrata of impermeable rock and stone can trap water and retain it in pockets, or on long faulting subsurface ridges or volcanic dikes water can collect and percolate to the surface. Any incidence of water is then used by migrating birds, which also pass seeds with their droppings which will grow at the water's edge forming an oasis. It can also be used to plant crops.
Geography
Oases in the Middle East and North Africa cover about 1,000,000 hectares (10,000 km2 ), however, they support the livelihood of about 10 million inhabitants.[ 10] The stark ratio of oasis to desert land in the world means that the oasis ecosystem is "relatively minute, rare and precious."[ 9]
There are 90 "major oases" within the Sahara Desert.[ 5] Some of their fertility may derive from irrigation systems called foggaras , khettaras , lkhttarts , or a variety of other regional names. [ 11] [ 12]
In some oases systems, there is "a geometrical system of raised channels that release controlled amounts of the water into individual plots, soaking the soil."[ 12]
Irrigation canal within the Figuig Oasis in eastern Morocco
History
Oases often have human histories that are measured in millennia. Archeological digs at Ein Gedi in the Dead Sea Valley have found evidence of settlement dating to 6,000 BC.[ 13] Al-Ahsa on the Arabian Peninsula shows evidence of human residence dating to the Neolithic .[ 14]
Anthropologically , the oasis is "an area of sedentary life, which associates the city [medina ] or village [ksar ] with its surrounding feeding source, the palm grove, within a relational and circulatory nomadic system."[ 15]
The location of oases has been of critical importance for trade and transportation routes in desert areas; caravans must travel via oases so that supplies of water and food can be replenished. Thus, political or military control of an oasis has in many cases meant control of trade on a particular route. For example, the oases of Awjila, Ghadames and Kufra, situated in modern-day Libya , have at various times been vital to both north–south and east–west trade in the Sahara Desert. The location of oases also informed the Darb El Arba'īn trade route from Sudan to Egypt, as well as the caravan route from the Niger River to Tangier , Morocco.[ 9] The Silk Road "traced its course from water hole to water hole, relying on oasis communities such as Turpan in China and Samarkand in Uzbekistan."[ 9]
According to the United Nations, "Oases are at the very heart of the overall development of peri-Saharan countries due to their geographical location and the fact they are preferred migration routes in times of famine or insecurity in the region."[ 11]
Oases in Oman , on the Arabian Peninsula near the Persian Gulf, vary somewhat from the Saharan form. While still located in an arid or semi-arid zone with a date palm overstory, these oases are usually located below plateaus and "watered either by springs or by aflaj , tunnel systems dug into the ground or carved into the rock to tap underground aquifers." This rainwater harvesting system "never developed a serious salinity problem."[ 10]
File:Oman-Oasis.jpg Oasis in Oman
Diagram of khattara system
Palm Oasis
In the drylands of southwestern North America, there is a habitat form called Palm Oasis (alternately Palm Series or Oasis Scrub Woodland) that has the native California fan palm as the overstory species.[ 16] These Palm Oases can be found in California, Arizona, Baja California, and Sonora .[ 16]
Agroforestry
Djerid Oasis, Tunisia
People who live in an oasis must manage land and water use carefully. The most important plant in an oasis is the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. ), which forms the upper layer . These palm trees provide shade for smaller understory trees like apricots , figs , olives , and peach trees, which form the middle layer. Market-garden vegetables, some cereals (such as sorghum , barley , millet , and wheat ), and/or mixed animal fodder, are grown in the bottom layer where there is more moisture.[ 17] The oasis is integrated into its desert environment through an often close association with nomadic transhumant livestock farming (very often pastoral and sedentary populations are clearly distinguished). The fertility of the oasis soil is restored by "cyclic organic inputs of animal origin."[ 15] In summary, an oasis palm grove is a highly anthropized and irrigated area that supports a traditionally intensive and polyculture-based agriculture.[ 1]
Responding to environmental constraints, the three strata create what is called the "oasis effect ".[ 1] The three layers and all their interaction points create a variety of combinations of "horizontal wind speed, relative air temperature and relative air humidity."[ 10] The plantings—through a virtuous cycle of wind reduction, increased shade and evapotranspiration —create a microclimate favorable to crops; "measurements taken in different oases have showed that the potential evapotranspiration of the areas was reduced by 30 to 50 percent within the oasis."[ 15]
The keystone date palm trees are "a main income source and staple food for local populations in many countries in which they are cultivated, and have played significant roles in the economy, society, and environment of those countries."[ 18] Challenges for date palm oasis polycultures include "low rainfall, high temperatures, water resources often high in salt content, and high incidence of pests."[ 19]
The oases consist of almost unbroken forests of date palms, divided up into many gardens that are separated by mud walls and intersected by innumerable irrigation and drainage ditches… In the shade of the palms are grown many other kinds of fruit trees—oranges, olives, figs, apricots, peaches, pomegranates, and jujubes—interlaced with large grape vines that often hang in festoons from the palm trunks. Beneath the trees are small plots of garden vegetables, barley, and alfalfa. Neither date palms nor other trees are planted with any regularity, and the growth is often so dense that the garden resembles a tropical jungle. Very beautiful are these gardens in the spring, when the apricot and peach trees are in blossom here and there among the palms and the figs and vines are putting forth their leaves. In autumn, when the dates are ripening, the color effects, especially when the tops of the palms are lit up by the last rays of the setting sun, are something that once seen can never be forgotten. The great clusters of fruit, displaying every tint from bright yellow, through orange, vermilion, and maroon, to plum purple and chestnut brown, with their brilliant yellow or rich orange ivory-like stalks, contrast superbly with the dull bluish or gray green of the feathery crowns of foliage. It is small wonder that a whole folklore of poetic legends and proverbs has grown up around the date palm in the regions where it flourishes.
— Kearney, Thomas H. (1906-09-06). Bulletin: Date Varieties and Date Culture in Tunis.
Distressed systems
Many historic oases have struggled with drought and inadequate maintenance.
According to a United Nations report on the future of oases in the Sahara and Sahel , "Increasingly ... oases are subject to various pressures, heavily influenced by the effects of climate change , decreasing groundwater levels and a gradual loss of cultural heritage due to a fading historical memory concerning traditional water management techniques. These natural pressures are compounded by demographic pressures and the introduction of modern water pumping techniques that can disrupt traditional resource management schemes, particularly in the North Saharan oases."[ 11]
For example, five historic oases in the Western Desert of Egypt (Kharga , Dakhla, Farafra, Baharyia, and Siwa ) once had "flowing spring and wells" but due to the decline of groundwater heads because of overuse for land reclamation projects those water sources are no more and the oases suffer as a result.[ 20]
Morocco has lost two-thirds of its oasis habitat over the last 100 years due to heat, drought, and water scarcity .[ 12] The Ferkla Oases in Morocco once drew on water from the Ferkla, Sat and Tangarfa Rivers but they are now dry but for a few days a year.[ 12]
List of places called oasis
Old World Oasis
Country
Administrative Division
Name
Elevation
Typology
Ref.
Algeria
Tébessa
Ferkane Oasis
272
Wadi Mantana
[ 21]
Algeria
Tébessa
Negrine Oasis
355
Wadi Mantana
[ 21]
Algeria
Batna
Ghassira Oasis
759
Wadi Abiod
[ 21]
Algeria
Batna
Ghoufi Oasis
663
Wadi Abiod
[ 21]
Algeria
Batna
M'doukel Oasis
405
Wadi Al Naemia
[ 21]
Algeria
Batna
Taghit Tkoutt Oasis
851
Wadi Abiod
[ 21]
Algeria
Batna
Tifelfal Oasis
778
Wadi Abiod
[ 21]
Algeria
Batna
Tigherghar Oasis
705
Wadi Ouled Abdi
[ 21]
Algeria
Djelfa
Amourah Oasis
1017
Wadi Bu Kahil
[ 21]
Algeria
Djelfa
Messaad Oasis
782
Wadi Messaad
[ 21]
Algeria
Khenchela
Chebla Oasis
503
Wadi Zeribet
[ 21]
Algeria
Khenchela
El Ouldja Oasis
306
Wadi Zeribet
[ 21]
Algeria
Khenchela
Khirane Oasis
569
Wadi Zeribet
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Baniane Oasis
480
Wadi Aghzar Amlal
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Biskra Oasis
95
Wadi Sidi Zerzour
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Branis Oasis
287
Wadi Sidi Zerzour
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Djemorah Oasis
522
Wadi Ouled Abdi
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Doucen Oasis
177
Wadi Jadi
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
El Haouch Oasis
-8
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
El Kantara Oasis
503
Wadi El Kantara
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Khenguet Sidi Nadji Oasis
160
Wadi Zeribet
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Lioua Oasis
105
Wadi Djedi
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
M'Chouneche Oasis
301
Wadi Abiod
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Mekhadma Oasis
93
Wadi Djedi
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
M'lili Oasis
62
Wadi Djedi
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Ouled Djelal Oasis
189
Wadi Djedi
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Oumache Oasis
50
Wadi Djedi
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Sidi Khaled Oasis
209
Wadi Djedi
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Sidi Masmoudi Oasis
204
Wadi Ahmar Khadu
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Sidi Okba Oasis
50
Wadi El Biraz
[ 21]
Algeria
Biskra
Tolga Oasis
156
Wadi Jadi
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Ain Cheik Oasis
0
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Debila Oasis
56
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Djamaa Oasis
34
Wadi Righ
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
El Meghaier Oasis
-11
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
El Oued Oasis
79
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Guemar Oasis
64
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Hassani Abdelkrim Oasis
58
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Hassi Khalifa Oasis
48
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Lizerg Oasis
71
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Magrane Oasis
52
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Mih Ouansa Oasis
101
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Oued El Alenda Oasis
90
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Oum Toyour Oasis
6
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Reguiba Oasis
54
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Sidi Amrane Oasis
44
Wadi Righ
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Sidi Khelil Oasis
21
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Still Oasis
7
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Temerna Djedida Oasis
66
Wadi Righ
[ 21]
Algeria
El Oued
Tendla Oasis
14
Wadi Righ
[ 21]
Algeria
El Bayadh
Arbaouat Oasis
1022
Wadi
[ 21]
Algeria
El Bayadh
Boussemghoun Oasis
983
Wadi Boussemghoun
[ 21]
Algeria
El Bayadh
Brezina Oasis
851
Wadi Seggeur
[ 21]
Algeria
El Bayadh
Sidi El Hadj Eddine Oasis
753
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Naâma
Moghrar Oasis
936
Wadi Moghrar
[ 21]
Algeria
Naâma
Moghtar Tahtani Oasis
868
Wadi Moghrar
[ 21]
Algeria
Naâma
Tiout Naâma Oasis
1022
Wadi Namous
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Al Alia Oasis
106
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Benaceur Oasis
104
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Blidet Amor Oasis
91
Wadi Righ
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Daglet Lagrouba Oasis
107
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
El Bour Oasis
127
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
El Hadjira Oasis
110
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
M'Naguer Oasis
99
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Meggarine Oasis
69
Wadi Righ
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
N'Goussa Oasis
126
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Ouargla Oasis
135
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Sidi Slimane Oasis
53
Wadi Righ
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Taibet Oasis
99
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Taibine Oasis
114
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Temacine Oasis
81
Wadi Righ
[ 21]
Algeria
Ouargla
Touggourt Oasis
72
Wadi Righ
[ 21]
Algeria
Ghardaïa
Beni Isguen Oasis
497
Wadi M'Zab
[ 21]
Algeria
Ghardaïa
Berriane Oasis
533
Wadi Baloh
[ 21]
Algeria
Ghardaïa
Bounoura Oasis
494
Wadi M'Zab
[ 21]
Algeria
Ghardaïa
Dhayet Bendhahoua Oasis
532
Wadi M'Zab
[ 21]
Algeria
Ghardaïa
El Atteuf Oasis
465
Wadi M'Zab
[ 21]
Algeria
Ghardaïa
El Guerrara Oasis
303
Wadi Zegrir
[ 21]
Algeria
Ghardaïa
Ghardaia Oasis
514
Wadi M'Zab
[ 21]
Algeria
Ghardaïa
Hassi Gara Oasis
399
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Ghardaïa
Metlili Oasis
511
Wadi Metlili
[ 21]
Algeria
Ghardaïa
Zelfana Oasis
354
Wadi Metlili
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Aguedal Oasis
420
Wadi Saoura
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Beni Abbes Oasis
459
Wadi Saoura
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Beni Ikhlef Oasis
399
Wadi Saoura
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Boukais Oasis
847
Wadi Al Hasra
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Igli Oasis
508
Wadi Saoura
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Kerzaz Oasis
379
Wadi Saoura
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Ksabi Oasis
331
Wadi Saoura
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Mazzer Oasis
506
Wadi Saoura
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Oulad Raffa Oasis
350
Wadi Saoura
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Ouled Khoudir Oasis
347
Wadi Saoura
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Tabelbala Oasis
521
Mountain
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Taghit Oasis
602
Wadi Zouzfana
[ 21]
Algeria
Béchar
Timoudi Oasis
356
Wadi Saoura
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Adjir Oasis
360
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Admer Zaouiet Oasis
210
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Adrar Oasis
244
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Ain Hammou Oasis
367
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Akabli Oasis
221
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Anzeglouf Oasis
185
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Aougrout Oasis
294
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Aoulef Oasis
276
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Arhlad Oasis
275
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Azekkour Oasis
252
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Azoua Oasis
198
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Badriane Oasis
267
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Ben Henni Oasis
230
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Beni Aissi Oasis
351
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Bou Ali Oasis
224
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Bouda Oasis
234
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Bouffaddi Oasis
240
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Bour Sidi Youssef Oasis
244
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Charouine Oasis
287
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
El Djedid Oasis
233
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
El Hadj Guelmane Oasis
243
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
El Ksabi Oasis
256
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
El Mansour Oasis
233
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Enefis Oasis
204
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Fatis Oasis
359
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Fenoughil Oasis
225
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Guentour Oasis
307
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Haha Oasis
373
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Hammad Oasis
247
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Hassi Nba Oasis
342
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Ihrzer Oasis
236
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Ksar Temassekht Oasis
259
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Lahmer Oasis
316
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Mahidia Oasis
234
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Metarfa Oasis
252
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Noun En Nass Oasis
259
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Ouadjda Oasis
264
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Oufrane Oasis
288
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Oulad Aiach Oasis
358
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Oulad Antar Oasis
226
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Oulad Bou Yahia Oasis
233
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Oulad Meriem Oasis
171
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Ouled Abbou Oasis
255
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Ouled Aissa Oasis
361
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Ouled Mahmoud Oasis
268
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Ouled Rached Oasis
254
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Ouled Said Oasis
268
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Reggane Oasis
203
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Rhamianou Oasis
249
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Sali Oasis
160
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Sebaa Oasis
262
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Semdjane Oasis
327
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Semouta Oasis
272
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tabelkoza Oasis
377
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tabou Oasis
312
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Taghouzi Oasis
373
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tamadanine Oasis
163
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tamentit Oasis
244
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tamest Oasis
226
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Taouennza Oasis
376
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tasfaout Oasis
216
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tawrirt Oasis
220
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tegant Oasis
360
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Thala Oasis
246
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Timimoun Oasis
225
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Timleha Oasis
243
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Timmassekh Oasis
224
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tindjellet Oasis
249
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tiouliline Oasis
196
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tiourinine Oasis
223
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Titaf Oasis
251
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tlalet Oasis
248
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Tsabit Oasis
252
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Zaglou Oasis
232
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Zaouia Sidi Abd El Kader Oasis
222
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Zaouia Sidi Bekri Oasis
241
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Zaouiet Debagh Oasis
354
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Zaouiet Kounta Oasis
195
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Adrar
Zaouiet Sidi Mansour Oasis
376
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Illizi
Illizi Oasis
558
Wadi Takhamalt
[ 21]
Algeria
Illizi
Djanet Oasis
1032
Wadi Idjeriou
[ 21]
Algeria
Illizi
Iherir Oasis
1118
Wadi Iherir
[ 21]
Algeria
Tamanghasset
Foggaret Ezzaouia Oasis
300
Erg
[ 21]
Algeria
Tamanghasset
Igostene Oasis
274
Depression
[ 21]
Algeria
Tamanghasset
In Ghar Oasis
256
Erg
[ 21]
China
Gansu
Crescent Lake
?
?
[ 22]
Egypt
Matruh
Qara Oasis
-41
Depression
[ 23]
Egypt
Matruh
Siwa Oasis
-11
Depression
[ 23]
Egypt
Jizah
Bahariya Oasis
118
Depression
[ 23]
Egypt
Jizah
El Heiz Oasis
123
Depression
[ 23]
Egypt
Fayyum
Fayyum Oasis
32
Depression
[ 23]
Egypt
Al Wadi al Jadid
Abu Minqar Oasis
117
Depression
[ 23]
Egypt
Al Wadi al Jadid
Al Kharga Oasis
66
Depression
[ 23]
Egypt
Al Wadi al Jadid
Baris Oasis
54
Depression
[ 23]
Egypt
Al Wadi al Jadid
Dahla Oasis
111
Depression
[ 23]
Egypt
Al Wadi al Jadid
Farafra Oasis
85
Depression
[ 23]
Egypt
Aswan
Kurkur Oasis
316
Depression
[ 23]
Israel
Judea and Samaria Area
Ein Gedi Oasis
?
?
[ 22]
Libya
Butnan
Al Jaghbub Oasis
-2
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Nalut
Derj Oasis
421
Wadi Tanarut
[ 24]
Libya
Nalut
Ghadames Oasis
338
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Jabal al Gharbi
Shakshuk Oasis
213
Mountain
[ 24]
Libya
Al Wahat
Awjillah Oasis
35
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Al Wahat
Jakharrad Oasis
31
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Al Wahat
Jalu Oasis
39
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Al Wahat
Maradah Oasis
47
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Al Jufrah
Al Fuqaha Oasis
539
Wadi Jabal Al Huruj
[ 24]
Libya
Al Jufrah
Sokna Oasis
270
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Al Jufrah
Waddan Oasis
247
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Al Jufrah
Zillah Oasis
216
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Wadi al Shatii
Adiri Oasis
366
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Wadi al Shatii
Brak Oasis
350
Wadi ash Shati
[ 24]
Libya
Wadi al Shatii
Wanzarik Oasis
380
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Sabha
Sabha Oasis
419
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Sabha
Tamanhint Oasis
413
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Ghat
Al Awaynat Oasis
656
Wadi Al Kawakib
[ 24]
Libya
Ghat
Ghat Oasis
675
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Wadi al Hayat
Awbari Oasis
466
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Wadi al Hayat
Gaberoun Oasis
451
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Wadi al Hayat
Germa Oasis
465
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Wadi al Hayat
Qasr Larocu Oasis
466
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Al Kufrah
Al Kufra Oasis
382
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Al Kufrah
Buzaymah Oasis
292
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Al Kufrah
Rabyanah Oasis
381
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Al Kufrah
Tazirbu Oasis
255
Depression
[ 24]
Libya
Murzuq
Dujal Oasis
472
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Murzuq
Qatrun Oasis
474
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Murzuq
Murzuq Oasis
453
Erg
[ 24]
Libya
Murzuq
Tajarhi Oasis
494
Erg
[ 24]
Mauritania
Adrar
Ain Ehel Taya Oasis
152
Wadi Atar
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Amder Oasis
248
Wadi Atar
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Aoujeft Oasis
252
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Atar Oasis
223
Wadi Atar
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Azougui Oasis
250
Wadi Atar
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Chinguetti Oasis
494
Wadi Chinguetti
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
El Meddah Oasis
139
Erg
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
El Oudei Oasis
229
Wadi Al Abiad
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Entkemkemt Oasis
478
Wadi Chinguetti
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Faraoun Oasis
162
Wadi Ejwali
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Ksar Torchane Oasis
263
Wadi Atar
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Maaden Oasis
166
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Medina Rahme Oasis
358
Mountain
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Mhaireth Oasis
354
Wadi Al Abiad
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Ouadane Oasis
446
Wadi Ifenouar
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Dakhlet el Ghzâl Oasis
149
Erg
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Salah Eddarein Oasis
180
Wadi Ejwali
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Taizent Oasis
213
Wadi Atar
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Tanouchert Oasis
415
Erg
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Tawaz Oasis
276
Wadi Atar
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Tentane Oasis
173
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Terjit Oasis
313
Wadi Atar
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Timinite Oasis
195
Erg
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Tirebane Oasis
235
Wadi Ejwali
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Toueizikt Oasis
261
Wadi Atar
[ 25]
Mauritania
Adrar
Toungat Oasis
190
Wadi Al Abiad
[ 25]
Mauritania
Hodh ech Chargui
Boukhzama Oasis
250
Mountain
[ 25]
Mauritania
Hodh ech Chargui
Nema Oasis
259
Mountain
[ 25]
Mauritania
Hodh ech Chargui
Oualata Oasis
240
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Acharim Oasis
368
Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Agnana Oasis
230
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Baghdada Oasis
410
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Borelle Eglieg Oasis
416
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Debaye El Ghadi Oasis
400
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Dendane Oasis
237
Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Edwalgue Oasis
106
Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
El Housseiniya Oasis
126
Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
El Joumlanya Oasis
111
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
El Mechra Oasis
113
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Entitam Oasis
109
Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
El Ghoudia Oasis
408
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Ksar El Barka Oasis
134
Wadi Callaha
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
El Ahouetat Oasis
352
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
N'Beika Oasis
112
Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Nejam Oasis
443
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Rachid Oasis
269
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Talmest Oasis
252
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Taoujafet Oasis
199
Wadi Al Abiad
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Tichitt Oasis
188
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Tagant
Tidjikja Oasis
396
Wadi Tidjikja
[ 25]
Mauritania
Assaba
El Ajoue Oasis
89
Wadi Qurugel
[ 25]
Mauritania
Assaba
Guerou Oasis
170
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Assaba
Kamour Oasis
174
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Assaba
Ntakat Oasis
146
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Assaba
Tagada El Wassa Oasis
194
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Assaba
Tegadit Iriji Oasis
173
Mountain
[ 25]
Mauritania
Hodh el Gharbi
Kobenni Oasis
208
Depression
[ 25]
Mauritania
Guidimaka
Kankossa Oasis
80
Wadi Karakoro
[ 25]
Morocco
Oriental
Ain Chair Oasis
969
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Oriental
Ain Chouater Oasis
769
Wadi Zelmou
[ 26]
Morocco
Oriental
Bouanane Oasis
860
Wadi Bouanane
[ 26]
Morocco
Oriental
Figuig Oasis
886
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Oriental
Gafait Oasis
787
Wadi Za
[ 26]
Morocco
Oriental
Ksar El Hajoui Oasis
827
Wadi El Hajoui
[ 26]
Morocco
Oriental
Takoumit Oasis
874
Wadi Bouanane
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Afra Oasis
878
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Agdz Oasis
928
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Aguinane Oasis
1191
Wadi Asif Bu Aguinane
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ait Aissa Oasis
1000
Wadi Ouhmidi
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ait Ben Haddou Oasis
1261
Wadi El Maleh
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ait Ben Omar Oasis
1003
Erg
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ait Ismene et Ihjjamen Oasis
1368
Wadi Todra
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ait Issa Ou Brahim Oasis
1187
Wadi Assif
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ait Mrabet Oasis
942
Wadi Ouhmidi
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ait Saoun Oasis
1613
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ait Semghane Oasis
1115
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ait Senan Oasis
1390
Wadi Todgha
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ait Tizgui Oasis
1421
Wadi Todgha
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Akhlouf Oasis
797
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Alnif Oasis
873
Wadi Alnif
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Amazraou Oasis
719
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Amazzer Oasis
1021
Wadi Ouhmidi
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ammar Oasis
965
Wadi Alnif
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Aoufous Oasis
893
Wadi Ziz
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Azreg Oasis
931
Wadi Alnif
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Beni Zouli Oasis
755
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Blaghema Oasis
872
Wadi Ziz
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Douira Oasis
858
Wadi Ziz
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Douirat Oasis
775
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
El Borj Oasis
886
Wadi Ait Douchen
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
El Jorf Oasis
817
Wadi Gheris
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
El Morabitine Oasis
1201
Wadi Todgha
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Erfoud Oasis
808
Wadi Ziz
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Errachidia Oasis
1028
Wadi Ziz
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Essifa Oasis
771
Wadi Gheris
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Fezna Oasis
835
Wadi Gheris
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Finnt Oasis
1180
Wadi Ait Douchen
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Goulmima Oasis
1024
Wadi Gheris
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Hassilabied Oasis
713
Erg
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ighrem Agoudim Oasis
1161
Wadi Todgh
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Igoudmane Oasis
1306
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Intliten Oasis
940
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Irbibene Oasis
1207
Wadi Todgh
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Irhels Oasis
1348
Wadi Ighls
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Isfalem Oasis
958
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Isilf Oasis
978
Wadi Todgha
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ksar Beni Kalouf Oasis
696
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ksar Beni Ozayem Oasis
927
Wadi Guir
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ksar Boudenib Oasis
949
Wadi Guir
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ksar Hannabou Oasis
792
Wadi Gheris
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ksar Nasrate Oasis
599
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ksar Sahli Oasis
914
Wadi Guir
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ksar Tazougart Oasis
1064
Wadi Guir
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ksar Tissergate Oasis
737
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ksar Touroug Oasis
898
Wadi Todgha/Gheris
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Lamkatra Oasis
763
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Lhadouane Oasis
1249
Wadi Todra
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
M Hamid el Ghizlane Oasis
549
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Mezguida Oasis
770
Wadi Ziz
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Nkob Oasis
1045
Wadi Akka Aounzerf
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ouarzazate Oasis
1120
Wadi Iriri
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Oulad Aissa Oasis
917
Wadi Ziz
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Oulad Edriss Oasis
564
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Oulad Yahia Lagraire Oasis
828
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ouled Otmane Oasis
858
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Ramlia Oasis
621
Erg
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Rgabi Ait Hssou Oasis
567
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Rissani Oasis
760
Wadi Ziz
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Sijilmasa Oasis
760
Wadi Ziz
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Skoura Oasis
1224
Wadi El Hajaj
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tadighoust Oasis
1107
Wadi Gheris
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tafounante Oasis
1370
Wadi Ait Douchen
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Taghzoute N Ait Atta Oasis
1178
Wadi Todra
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Taguenzalt Oasis
1317
Wadi Iriri
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Talamzit Oasis
905
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Talat Oasis
910
Wadi Ouhmidi
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Taltfraout Oasis
1083
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tamegroute Oasis
685
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tamellalt Oasis
959
Wadi Todgha
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tamezmoute Oasis
842
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tamkasselt Oasis
879
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tamnougalt Oasis
914
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tansikht Oasis
862
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Taoudaate Oasis
1406
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Targa El Mal Oasis
884
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tarmigt Oasis
1257
Wadi Ait Douchen
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tassawant Oasis
1095
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tastifte Oasis
877
Wadi Ouhmidi
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tazarine Oasis
852
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tighit Oasis
899
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tikchtat Oasis
785
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tilouine Oasis
941
Wadi Gheris
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Timiderte Oasis
892
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tinejdad Oasis
996
Wadi Todgha
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tinfoula Oasis
897
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tinghir Oasis
1282
Wadi Todra
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tinighil Oasis
949
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tinzouline Oasis
799
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tisslit Oasis
1350
Wadi Ait Douchen
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Tizgaghine Oasis
988
Erg
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Toughza Oasis
837
Wadi Alnif
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Toundoute Oasis
1554
Wadi El Hajaj
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Zagora Oasis
724
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Zaouia Sidi Saleh Oasis
595
Wadi Draa
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Zaouiet Amelkis Oasis
945
Wadi Ziz
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Zaouiet Sidi Blal Oasis
1078
Wadi Ouhmidi
[ 26]
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet
Zouiya Oasis
1255
Wadi El Hajaj
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Addiss Oasis
599
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Adghers N Warflan Oasis
870
Wadi Asif Bu Aguinane
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Agadir Aserghine Oasis
778
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Agoudim Oasis
1558
Wadi Souss
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Agrd Tamanrt Oasis
636
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Ait Hammane Oasis
461
Wadi Ait Ouabelli
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Ait Mansour Oasis
1256
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Ait Ouabelli Oasis
474
Wadi Ait Ouabelli
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Akka Ighane Oasis
801
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Akka Oasis
538
Wadi Akka
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Alougoum Oasis
779
Wadi Zguid
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Amadagh Oasis
1048
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Anamr Oasis
819
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Annamer Oasis
1549
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Aoukerda Oasis
1130
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Assa Igmir Oasis
1145
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Azraga Oasis
1481
Wadi Asif Bu Aguinane
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
El Ayn Oasis
767
Wadi Asif Bu Aguinane
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
El Kasba Oasis
606
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
El Mhamid Oasis
664
Wadi Zguid
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Fam El Hisn Oasis
478
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Foum El Oued Oasis
847
Wadi Zguid
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Foum Zguid Oasis
647
Wadi Zguid
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Ibouday Oasis
1049
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Icht Oasis
500
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Ida Ou Lestane Oasis
766
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Ighir-Igiouaz Oasis
600
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Ighmir Oasis
934
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Imitek Oasis
783
Wadi Ourgine
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Kiriwt Oasis
1115
Wadi Asif Bu Aguinane
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Oum El Guerdane Oasis
561
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Tagueldimt Oasis
1655
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Tamssoulte Oasis
790
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Targa N'hanna Oasis
758
Wadi Targa
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Tata Oasis
700
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Tiggane Oasis
550
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Tiguissalt Oasis
605
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Tiout Oasis
280
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Tisenasamine Oasis
1157
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Tissint Oasis
558
Wadi Tissint
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Tizgui Ida ou Baloul Oasis
969
Wadi Akka
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Tizgui N Oufla Oasis
1170
Wadi Tata
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Zawit Oasis
1233
Wadi Souss
[ 26]
Morocco
Souss-Massa
Inraren Oasis
?
?
[ 27]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Aday Oasis
695
Wadi Siyad
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Ait Herbil Oasis
955
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Ait Illou Oasis
696
Wadi Siyad
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Amsra Oasis
771
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Amtoudi Oasis
871
Wadi Tamanart
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Assa Oasis
305
Wadi Assa
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Bouizakarne Oasis
620
Mountain
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Ifrane Atlas-Saghir Oasis
768
Wadi Ifraane
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Tagant Oasis
531
Wadi Tamissouri
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Taghjijt Oasis
573
Wadi Siyad
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Tainzert Oasis
646
Wadi Siyad
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Tighmert Oasis
287
Wadi Siyad
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Tiglit Oasis
305
Wadi Dara'a
[ 26]
Morocco
Guelmim-Oued Noun
Timoulay Oasis
669
Wadi Ifraane
[ 26]
Niger
Agadez
Abardok Oasis
822
Wadi Amdigra
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Adaouda Oasis
906
Wadi Téloues
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Aney Oasis
393
Depression
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Aouderas Oasis
793
Wadi Tamazelak
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Aoukadede Oasis
1477
Depression
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Arlit Oasis
418
Erg
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Bagzan nAmmass Oasis
1537
Depression
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Bilma Oasis
364
Depression
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Debaga Oasis
577
Wadi Teloua
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Djado Oasis
447
Depression
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Emalawle Oasis
1458
Depression
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Fachi Oasis
371
Depression
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Iferouane/Afassa Oasis
660
Wadi Iberkoum
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Ingall Oasis
487
Wadi Tchinakawatane
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Dirkou Oasis
377
Depression
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Seguedine Oasis
415
Depression
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Tabelot Oasis
858
Wadi Téloues
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Tadara Oasis
954
Wadi Téloues
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Tagabada Oasis
775
Wadi Téloues
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Takazanza Oasis
857
Wadi Amdigra
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Tassissat Oasis
1530
Depression
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Tchirozerine Oasis
507
Wadi Tchirozerine
[ 28]
Niger
Agadez
Timia Oasis
877
Mountain
[ 28]
Niger
Diffa
Adebour Oasis
315
Erg
[ 28]
Niger
Diffa
Cheri Oasis
325
Erg
[ 28]
Niger
Diffa
Dabalia Oasis
338
Erg
[ 28]
Niger
Diffa
Ganga Oasis
322
Erg
[ 28]
Niger
Zinder
Guidimouni Oasis
403
Erg
[ 28]
Oman
Al Buraymi
A D'lhah Oasis
614
Wadi Kadra
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Ajran Oasis
623
Wadi Ajran
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Al Wasit Oasis
510
Erg
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Alkhbayn Oasis
658
Wadi Hamidah
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Ar Rayy Oasis
549
Wadi Hatta
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
As Sunainah Oasis
259
Erg
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Daqiq Oasis
827
Wadi Kitnah
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Halahil Oasis
802
Wadi As Suhayli
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Harim Oasis
742
Wadi Ajran
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Kitnah Oasis
669
Wadi Kitnah
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Mahdah Oasis
430
Wadi Hywan/Musydirah
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Masah Oasis
645
Wadi Bid
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Nuway Oasis
451
Wadi Sharm
[ 29]
Oman
Al Buraymi
Rabi Oasis
504
Wadi Kitnah
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Al Ablah Oasis
598
Wadi As Suhayli
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Al Ghadifah Oasis
470
Wadi Sudari
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Al Ghushayn Oasis
605
Wadi Shafan
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Al Mahbab Oasis
701
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Al Zuwayhir Oasis
362
Wadi Al Sermi
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Bu'ayq Oasis
317
Wadi Bani Omar
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Dabah Oasis
655
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Dallah Oasis
657
Wadi Shafan
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Farfar Oasis
541
Wadi Nasil
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Hailain Oasis
309
Wadi Al Jahwir
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Hyad Oasis
659
Wadi As Suhayli
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Kanut Oasis
373
Wadi Al Sermi
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Khan Oasis
373
Wadi Nasil
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Khubaytah Oasis
398
Wadi Sudari
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Rajmi Oasis
415
Wadi Rajma'a
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Ruqqah Oasis
403
Wadi Al Sermi
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah North
Zaymi Oasis
528
Wadi Zaymi
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Ad Dif Oasis
524
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Adh Dhahur Oasis
589
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Afi Oasis
229
Wadi Afi
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Abyad Oasis
215
Wadi Far
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Awabi Oasis
497
Wadi Bani Kharous
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Far Oasis
466
Wadi Ban Awf
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Hajir Oasis
1121
Mountain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Hijir Oasis
686
Mountain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Jamma Oasis
137
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Madinah Oasis
343
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Manazif Oasis
399
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Maydan Oasis
616
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Misfah Oasis
208
Wadi Misfah
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Ulyah Oasis
877
Wadi Musfa
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Al Wishayl Oasis
257
Wadi Misfah
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
An Nid Oasis
812
Wadi Sahtan
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Ar Rajlah Oasis
559
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Ash Shibika Oasis
200
Wadi Misfah
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
At Tabaqah Oasis
457
Wadi Sahtan
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Bald Sayt Oasis
976
Mountain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Daris Oasis
168
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Falaj Bani Umar Oasis
189
Wadi Misfah
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Fasah Oasis
622
Wadi Sahtan
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Hawqayn Oasis
242
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Hayjar Oasis
748
Wadi Bani Kharous
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Hayl as Sawaluh Oasis
598
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Hibra Oasis
187
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Istal Oasis
671
Wadi Bani Kharous
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Khadra Oasis
515
Wadi Sahtan
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Khafdi Oasis
445
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Nakhal Oasis
323
Mountain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Rustaq Oasis
348
Wadi Al Kur
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Sini Oasis
648
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Sunaybah Oasis
725
Wadi Bani Kharous
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Wadi Bani Harras Oasis
766
Wadi Bani Harras
[ 29]
Oman
Al Batinah South
Yiqa Oasis
553
Wadi Hawqain
[ 29]
Oman
Muscat
Al Jeela Oasis
486
Wadi Ash Shab
[ 29]
Oman
Muscat
Al Khoud Old Oasis
82
Wadi Al Khoud
[ 29]
Oman
Muscat
Hayl Al Ghaf Oasis
50
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Muscat
Siya Oasis
298
Wadi Sasrin
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Al Ayn Oasis
639
Wadi Al Ayn
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Al Basatin Oasis
867
Wadi Al Hijr
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Al Hawmaniyah Oasis
541
Wadi Shumayt
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Al Hayl Oasis
689
Wadi Al Ayn
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Al Hayyal Oasis
529
Wadi Habis
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Al Hijr Oasis
678
Wadi Al Hijr
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Al Wuqbah Oasis
719
Wadi Bayha
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
An Nujayd Oasis
596
Wadi Ibat
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Bid'ah Oasis
913
Wadi Shumayt
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Bulaydah Oasis
776
Wadi Bulaydah
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Damm Oasis
725
Wadi Damm
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Dhank Oasis
343
Wadi Dank
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Harat Al Hisin Oasis
399
Wadi Dank
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Harat Khatu Oasis
464
Wadi Dank
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Ibri Oasis
360
Wadi Al Ayn
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Kahanat Oasis
692
Wadi/Hamada
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Maqabil Oasis
490
Erg
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Maqniyat Oasis
702
Wadi Maqniyat
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Miskin Oasis
647
Wadi Ibat
[ 29]
Oman
Al Dhahirah
Yanqul Oasis
565
Wadi Dank
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Adam Oasis
283
Wadi Al Athl
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Al Ayshah Oasis
585
Wadi Al Khahfa/As Safil
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Al Ghafat Oasis
549
Wadi Sayfam
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Al Hamra Oasis
647
Wadi Al Hamra
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Al Jirayfat Oasis
766
Wadi Nakhr
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Al Qariyatain Oasis
561
Wadi Qant
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Bahla Oasis
569
Wadi Al Munbuk
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Bidbid Oasis
218
Wadi Bidbid
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Bilad Sayt Oasis
632
Wadi Almantaq
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Birkat Al Mouz Oasis
565
Wadi Wasit
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Fanja Oasis
169
Wadi Fanja
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Imti Oasis
594
Wadi Al Hajar
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Izki Oasis
550
Wadi Al Hajar
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Ma'bas Oasis
583
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Manah Oasis
422
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Manal Oasis
523
Wadi Qari
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Masram Oasis
710
Wadi Muharram
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Misfat Al Abriyyin Oasis
915
Wadi Maqal
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Muskaysa Oasis
630
Wadi Qant
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Nida Oasis
439
Wadi Assijani
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Nizwa Oasis
522
Wadi Sumayt
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Said Oasis
568
Wadi Qari
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Samail Oasis
368
Wadi Samail
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Saroor Oasis
260
Wadi Bidbid
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Sajae Oasis
495
Wadi Sumail
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Sayq Oasis
1867
Mountain
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Tanuf Oasis
616
Wadi Tanuf
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Wadi Al Ala Oasis
605
Wadi Al Ala
[ 29]
Oman
Ad Dakhiliyah
Wusad Oasis
546
Wadi Qari
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Buwaiten Oasis
401
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Fath Oasis
429
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Hammam Oasis
434
Wadi Al Khabbah
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Khadra Oasis
484
Wadi Indam
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Khashabah Oasis
420
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Mudaireb Oasis
358
Wadi Aghda
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Mudaybi Oasis
402
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Muktra Oasis
428
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Qabil Oasis
432
Wadi Al Lithili
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Rawdha Oasis
607
Wadi Musfa
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Ruddah Oasis
373
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Wafi Oasis
395
Wadi Indam
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Wasil Oasis
315
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
An Niba Oasis
406
Wadi Aghda
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Aqda'a Oasis
393
Wadi Al Khabbah
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
As Sarm Oasis
424
Wadi Aghda
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
As Sumayiyyah Oasis
453
Wadi Al Khabbah
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Awf Oasis
657
Wadi Shuriji
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Ayn Al Khashen Oasis
446
Wadi Manqa
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Batin Oasis
438
Wadi Aghda
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Bdh Oasis
722
Wadi Bani Khalid
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Bidiyah Oasis
293
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Hilm Oasis
900
Wadi Manqal
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Haul Oasis
600
Wadi Manqal
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Hubat Oasis
547
Wadi Musfa
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Ibra Oasis
479
Wadi Nam
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Kharma Oasis
521
Wadi Qant
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Lizq Oasis
490
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Maqta Oasis
389
Wadi Bani Khalid
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Miss Oasis
591
Wadi Wasit
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Munjarid Oasis
409
Wadi Aghda
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Naqsi Oasis
652
Wadi Wasit
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Sabt Oasis
339
Wadi Bani Khalid
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Samad Al Shan Oasis
572
Wadi Musfa
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Saman Oasis
506
Wadi Shuriji
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Sinaw Oasis
357
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Saut Al Khadima Oasis
306
Wadi Al Khabbah
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Al Rakaikh Oasis
327
Wadi Al Khabbah
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Mehlah Oasis
348
Wadi Al Khabbah
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Tool Oasis
271
Wadi Al Khabbah
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Ulyah Oasis
394
Wadi Al Khabbah
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Uyun Oasis
311
Depression
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah North
Wadi Bani Khalid Oasis
669
Wadi Bani Khalid
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah South
Al Kamil Oasis
160
Wadi Bani Khalid
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah South
Bani Bu Ali Oasis
?
Wadi Bani Khalid
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah South
Jalan Bani Buhassan Oasis
108
Wadi Bani Khalid
[ 29]
Oman
Ash Sharqiyah South
Sayma Oasis
260
Wadi Tiwi
[ 29]
Oman
Dhofar
Salalah Oasis
8
Depression
[ 29]
Saudi Arabia
Al Jawf
Dumat Al-Jandal Oasis
584
Depression
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Tabuk
Tayma Oasis
812
Depression
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Ash Sharqiyah
Al Ahsa Oasis
149
Depression
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Ash Sharqiyah
Al Hafayer Oasis
180
Depression
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Ash Sharqiyah
Yabrin Oasis
173
Depression
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Al Madinah
Al Disah Oasis
564
Wadi Al Disah
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Al Madinah
Al Mindassah Oasis
533
Wadi Al Himd
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Al Madinah
Al Ula Oasis
692
Wadi Al Ula
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Al Madinah
Buwat Oasis
493
Wadi Buwat
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Al Madinah
Khaibar Oasis
714
Wadi Idam
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Al Madinah
Kale Oasis
701
Wadi Idam
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Al Madinah
Medinah Oasis
584
Wadi Aqiq
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Al Madinah
Mogayra Oasis
583
Depression
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Al Madinah
Shajwa Oasis
554
Wadi Al Himd
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Ar Riyad
Al Diriyyah Oasis
658
Wadi Hanifah
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Ar Riyad
Al Hariq Oasis
675
Mountain
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Ar Riyad
Al Hulwah Oasis
594
Wadi Barik
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Ar Riyad
Howtat Bani Tamim Oasis
575
Wadi Barik
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Ar Riyad
Naam Oasis
635
Mountain
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Makkah
Al Gharith Oasis
1083
Wadi Turba
[ 30]
Saudi Arabia
Najran
Najran Oasis
1307
Wadi Najran
[ 30]
File:Flag of Syria (2025-).svg Syria
Damascus
Ghouta Oasis
?
?
Tunisia
Gafsa
El Guettar Oasis
224
Mountain
[ 31]
Tunisia
Gafsa
Gafsa Oasis
281
Wadi Baiash
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tozeur
Chebika Oasis
115
Mountain
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tozeur
Dguache Oasis
48
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tozeur
Hammat Al Jarid Oasis
40
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tozeur
Midès Oasis
367
Wadi Al Adwi
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tozeur
Naftah Oasis
35
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tozeur
Tamaqzah Oasis
276
Wadi Tamaqzah
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tozeur
Tamerza Oasis
?
Mountain
[ 10] [ 32]
Tunisia
Tozeur
Tozeur Oasis
36
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Blidet Oasis
32
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Douz Oasis
63
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
El Faouar Oasis
51
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Es Sabria Oasis
57
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Ghidma Oasis
27
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Jamnah Oasis
46
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Kebili Oasis
35
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Ksar Ghilane Oasis
210
Erg
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Nouail Oasis
32
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Radhouan Oasis
112
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Steftimi Oasis
40
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Souk Lahad Oasis
63
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Kebili
Telmine Oasis
24
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Gabès
Al Hammah Oasis
58
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Gabès
Al Zar At Oasis
18
Wadi Tarmaman
[ 31]
Tunisia
Gabès
Ben Ghilouf Oasis
37
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Gabès
El Mdou Oasis
49
Wadi Gabès
[ 31]
Tunisia
Gabès
Gabès Oasis
15
Wadi Gabès
[ 31]
Tunisia
Gabès
Kettana Oasis
28
Wadi Al Hajal
[ 31]
Tunisia
Gabès
Mareth Oasis
43
Wadi Tarmaman
[ 31]
Tunisia
Gabès
Metouia Oasis
24
Depression
[ 31]
Tunisia
Gabès
Oudref Oasis
25
Wadi Al Maleh
[ 31]
Tunisia
Médenine
Ksar Hallouf Oasis
450
Wadi Al Hallouf
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tataouine
Ksar El Ferich Oasis
276
Wadi Al Kosh
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tataouine
Ksar Ouled Debbab Oasis
298
Wadi Al Khmah
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tataouine
Ksar Tlalet Oasis
232
Wadi Tlalet
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tataouine
Ksar Daghara Oasis
300
Wadi
[ 31]
Tunisia
Tataouine
Tataouine Oasis
307
Wadi Tataouine
[ 31]
Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
Daşoguz ProvinceTemplate:Country data Karakalpakstan
Khorezm Oasis
?
?
[ 33]
United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi
Al Ain Oasis
292
Erg
[ 34]
United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi
Liwa Oasis
130
Erg
[ 34]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Abdullah Gharib Oasis
281
Wadi Hima
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Ad-Dees Ash-Sharqia Oasis
95
Wadi Omar
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Al Hawi Oasis
663
Wadi Hadramawt
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Al Jadidah Oasis
1068
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Al Jaha Oasis
310
Wadi Bdsh
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Al Khamilah Oasis
1043
Wadi 'Amad
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Al Khuraibah Oasis
1039
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Al Qatn Oasis
678
Wadi Hadramawt
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Alaqqad Oasis
672
Wadi Hadramawt
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Alghurfa Oasis
651
Wadi Hadramawt
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Alkhamra Oasis
738
Wadi Adim
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Alqaria Oasis
593
Wadi Al Masilah
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Alrudood Oasis
642
Wadi Adim
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Alsowm Oasis
563
Wadi Al Masilah
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Alwahd Oasis
769
Wadi Adim
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Amd Oasis
917
Wadi 'Amad
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Anag Oasis
881
Wadi 'Amad
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Ard Ar Raydah Oasis
736
Wadi Adim
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
As Sadarah Oasis
423
Wadi Hajr
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Bdsh Oasis
496
Wadi Bdsh
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Budah Oasis
950
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Einat Oasis
590
Wadi Al Masilah
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Araf Oasis
303
Wadi 'Araf
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
El Ghebel Oasis
346
Wadi 'Asad
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
El Hadala Oasis
270
Wadi 'Asad
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
El Huf Oasis
314
Wadi 'Asad
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
El Mar Oasis
700
Wadi Raghdun
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Ghayl Bin Yamin Oasis
830
Wadi Yusen
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Ghayl Ba Wazir Oasis
95
Mountain
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Gromedh Oasis
973
Wadi 'Amad
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Haid al-Jazil Oasis
1025
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Hair El Ghezid Oasis
989
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Halfun Oasis
93
Depression
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Halit Oasis
976
Wadi 'Amad
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Hamam Oasis
92
Depression
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Haqab Oasis
418
Wadi Haqab
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Hawl Oasis
1075
Wadi Hajr
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Hisn Ba Qirdan Oasis
376
Wadi Hajr
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Husun As Sufayara' Oasis
586
Wadi Al Masilah
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Huwaibah Oasis
586
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Jahi Oasis
821
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Jahiz Oasis
924
Wadi 'Amad
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Khaborah Oasis
6
Wadi Hajr
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Mahmeddah Oasis
410
Wadi Muhamadh
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Masna'ah Oasis
360
Wadi Hajr
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Moa'ber Oasis
80
Wadi Moa'ber
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Qaidun Oasis
826
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Qarn Salifi Oasis
909
Wadi Hajr
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Qurayyah Oasis
963
Wadi 'Amad
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Sana Oasis
533
Wadi Sana
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Seiyun Oasis
648
Wadi Hadramawt
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Sha'b al-Nur Oasis
233
Wadi 'Araf
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Shibam Oasis
667
Wadi Hadramawt
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Shuh Oasis
986
Wadi Rakhih
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Sif Oasis
885
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Subalkh Oasis
1136
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Tabalah Oasis
88
Wadi 'Araf
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Taribah Oasis
628
Wadi Hadramawt
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Tarim Oasis
614
Wadi Al Masilah
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Taulabah Oasis
1186
Wadi Dawan
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Wasit Oasis
101
Erg
[ 35]
Yemen
Hadramawt
Yuwan Oasis
801
Wadi Yuwan
[ 35]
Yemen
Al Mahrah
Bmzon Oasis
216
Wadi Al Masilah
[ 35]
Yemen
Al Mahrah
Dha Sohis Oasis
270
Wadi Al Masilah
[ 35]
Yemen
Al Mahrah
Qishn Oasis
6
Depression
[ 35]
Yemen
Al Jawf
Al Hazm Oasis
1109
Wadi Madab
[ 35]
Yemen
Al Jawf
Dasl Oasis
1303
Wadi Khab
[ 35]
Yemen
Al Jawf
Khab Oasis
1402
Wadi Khab
[ 35]
Yemen
Al Jawf
Suq Al Thaluth Oasis
1450
Wadi Khab
[ 35]
Yemen
Al Hudaydah
Nukhaylah Oasis
8
Depression
[ 35]
Yemen
Al Hudaydah
Al Rus Oasis
25
Depression
[ 35]
Yemen
Al Hudaydah
Az Za'faran Oasis
15
Depression
[ 35]
Yemen
Ta'izz
Yakhtul Oasis
6
Depression
[ 35]
New World dryland systems with oasis-like attributes
Huacachina, Peru[ 22]
Quitobaquito, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona[ 36]
Kitowok, Sonora, Mexico[ 36]
Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge in Utah, United States
Havasu Falls, Grand Canyon, Arizona[ 37]
Zzyzx in Mojave National Preserve, California[ 38]
Cuatro Ciénegas, Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico[ 39]
Oasis Spring Ecological Reserve, Salton Sea, California[ 40]
Gallery of oases
Unidentified oasis in Chad, photographed
c. 1930
Bilma Oasis, Niger
Oasis de Santa Gertrudis, Baja California
Al-Ahsa Oasis , also known as Al-Hasa Oasis, in Saudi Arabia is the largest oasis in the world.
Al Ain Oasis in the city of Al Ain in the
United Arab Emirates
Taghit in Algeria, North
Africa
Rubaksa in a dry limestone environment in north Ethiopia is an oasis thanks to the existence of karstic springs.
Ubari Oasis in southwestern
Libya
Date palm trees in Liwa Oasis
Crescent Lake (Yueyaquan) in the
Gobi Desert
Huacachina in southwestern Peru
Namibe desert oasis, Angola
Palm trees and the moon in Figuig, Morocco
Practical matters
A 1920 USGS publication about watering holes in the deserts of California and Arizona gave this advice for travelers seeking oases:[ 41]
The usual watering places are springs or wells. Springs are frequently clogged with gravel or rubbish or sometimes even with the bodies of dead animals, and it may be necessary to clean them out. For this work a shovel is needed. Wells may or may not be equipped with pumps. Frequently the pumps are broken and useless, and a rope and bucket are then necessary to obtain water. Most of the wells in this region are less than 100 feet deep, but some are deeper, and 100 feet of rope is not too much to provide. As a rule the rope and bucket at a well, if they were ever provided, soon disappear, and one should never trust the chance of finding them there. Open wells are sometimes contaminated in the same way as springs and need to be cleaned out, particularly in little-frequented places where they are unused for months at a time.
See also
Earth:Guelta – Pockets of water in the Sahara desert
Physics:Mirage – Naturally occurring optical phenomenon
Earth:Oasification – Antonym to desertification by soil erosion
Engineering:Qanat – Middle Eastern water supply system
Earth:Wadi – River valley, especially a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain
Biology:Grove (nature) – Small group of trees
Biology:Gallery forest – Type of riparian forest in dry regions
Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (Brazil)
Great Green Wall (disambiguation)
Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman
Palmeral of Elche
Fog oasis (South America)
References
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. Battesti, Vincent (2005) Jardins au désert: Évolution des pratiques et savoirs oasiens: Jérid tunisien. Paris: IRD éditions. ISBN 978-2-7177-2584-1 .
↑ "G176: 5.5 De la adaptación a la creación de ambientes artificiales: los efectos de la presencia humana en las zonas áridas" . https://ocw.unican.es/mod/page/view.php?id=660&lang=en .
↑ Douglas Harper. "Etymonline - Origin of 'Oasis'" . Etymonline - Origin of 'Oasis' . http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=oasis&searchmode=none . Retrieved 2011-07-30 .
↑ Gebel, Hans Georg K. (2013). "Arabia's fifth-millennium BCE pastoral well cultures: hypotheses on the origins of oasis life". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 43 : 111–126. ISSN 0308-8421 .
↑ 5.0 5.1 "oasis" (in en). National Geographic Society . 2011-06-10. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/oasis/ .
↑ Vincent Battesti, The Power of a Disappearance: Water in the Jerid region of Tunisia in B. R. Johnston et al. (eds), Water, Cultural Diversity & Global Environmental Change: Emerging Trends, Sustainable Futures? , 2012, UNESCO/Springer, p. 77-96 . ISBN 978-9400717732 .
↑ Battesti, Vincent (May 28, 2015). "Resources and Appropriations: Back to the Jerid Oases (Tunisia) after the Revolution" . Études rurales 2 (192): 153–175. doi :10.4000/etudesrurales.9954 . https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01154717 .
↑ Cutler, B. Environmental History of the Maghreb, 1800–Present. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. Retrieved 25 Jan. 2023, from https://oxfordre-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-983 .
↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Lawton, Rebecca (2015-11-06). "Palm trees amid the sand: the origins of the oasis fantasy" (in en). https://aeon.co/essays/palm-trees-amid-the-sand-the-origins-of-the-oasis-fantasy .
↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Jaradat, Abdullah A.. "Biodiversity of Date Palm" . https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c10/E1-05A-66.pdf .
↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Oases Ecosystems" . https://www.fao.org/3/az741e/az741e.pdf .
↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Bryce, Emma (2016-12-12). "A Drive to Save Saharan Oases As Climate Change Takes a Toll" (in en-US). https://e360.yale.edu/features/a_drive_to_save_sahran_oases_as_climate_change_takes_a_toll_cop22 .
↑ "Life in a Busy Oasis - Archaeology Magazine" . https://www.archaeology.org/issues/340-1905/letter-from/7568-life-in-a-busy-oasis .
↑ "Spring pool no.1 (Ain al Khudoud) and a water- lifting device, photographed by George Rendel, 1937" . 2022-09-01. https://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?T=P&P=AN&K=158872037&S=R&D=f6h&EbscoContent=dGJyMNHX8kSeqLI40dvuOLCmsEqep7JSs6y4S7WWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMOzpsE2xqbNRuePfgeyx43zx .
↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Hadagha, Fatma Zohra; Farhi, Bourhane Eddine; Farhi, Abdallah; Petrisor, Alexandru Ionut (2018-12-29). "Multifunctionality of the oasis ecosystem. Case study: Biskra Oasis, Algeria" . Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs 2 (3): 31–39. doi :10.25034/ijcua.2018.4716 . ISSN 2475-6156 . https://ijcua.com/index.php/ijcua/article/view/111 . Retrieved 2022-09-22 .
↑ 16.0 16.1 Laudenslayer, William F. Jr.. "Palm Oasis" . https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=67356 .
↑ "Oasis, geological feature" (in en). Encyclopedia Britannica . https://www.britannica.com/science/oasis-geological-feature .
↑ Chao, Chih Cheng T.; Krueger, Robert R. (2007-08-01). "The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Overview of Biology, Uses, and Cultivation" . HortScience 42 (5): 1077–1082. doi :10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1077 . ISSN 0018-5345 . https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/hortsci/42/5/article-p1077.xml . Retrieved 2022-09-22 .
↑ Cherif, Hanene; Marasco, Ramona; Rolli, Eleonora; Ferjani, Raoudha; Fusi, Marco; Soussi, Asma; Mapelli, Francesca; Blilou, Ikram et al . (2015-08-01). "Oasis desert farming selects environment-specific date palm root endophytic communities and cultivable bacteria that promote resistance to drought: Oasis palm endophytes promote drought resistance" (in en). Environmental Microbiology Reports 7 (4): 668–678. doi :10.1111/1758-2229.12304 . PMID 26033617 . https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1758-2229.12304 . Retrieved 2022-09-22 .
↑ Aziz, Ameer; Sabet, Hassan S.; Ghoubachi, Saad Y.; Abu Risha, Usama A. (2022-07-01). "The origin and recharge conditions of groundwater in Farafra Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt" (in en). Scientific African 16 . doi :10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01179 . Bibcode : 2022SciAf..1601179A .
↑ 21.000 21.001 21.002 21.003 21.004 21.005 21.006 21.007 21.008 21.009 21.010 21.011 21.012 21.013 21.014 21.015 21.016 21.017 21.018 21.019 21.020 21.021 21.022 21.023 21.024 21.025 21.026 21.027 21.028 21.029 21.030 21.031 21.032 21.033 21.034 21.035 21.036 21.037 21.038 21.039 21.040 21.041 21.042 21.043 21.044 21.045 21.046 21.047 21.048 21.049 21.050 21.051 21.052 21.053 21.054 21.055 21.056 21.057 21.058 21.059 21.060 21.061 21.062 21.063 21.064 21.065 21.066 21.067 21.068 21.069 21.070 21.071 21.072 21.073 21.074 21.075 21.076 21.077 21.078 21.079 21.080 21.081 21.082 21.083 21.084 21.085 21.086 21.087 21.088 21.089 21.090 21.091 21.092 21.093 21.094 21.095 21.096 21.097 21.098 21.099 21.100 21.101 21.102 21.103 21.104 21.105 21.106 21.107 21.108 21.109 21.110 21.111 21.112 21.113 21.114 21.115 21.116 21.117 21.118 21.119 21.120 21.121 21.122 21.123 21.124 21.125 21.126 21.127 21.128 21.129 21.130 21.131 21.132 21.133 21.134 21.135 21.136 21.137 21.138 21.139 21.140 21.141 21.142 21.143 21.144 21.145 21.146 21.147 21.148 21.149 21.150 21.151 21.152 21.153 21.154 21.155 21.156 21.157 21.158 21.159 21.160 21.161 21.162 21.163 21.164 21.165 21.166 21.167 21.168 21.169 21.170 21.171 21.172 21.173 21.174 21.175 21.176 21.177 21.178 21.179 "Algeria Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Algeria-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Lew, Josh (2021-05-05). "9 Stunningly Picturesque Oases" . https://www.treehugger.com/stunningly-picturesque-oases-4869130 .
↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 "Egitto Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Egitto-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 24.17 24.18 24.19 24.20 24.21 24.22 24.23 24.24 24.25 24.26 24.27 24.28 24.29 24.30 "Libya Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Libya-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 25.15 25.16 25.17 25.18 25.19 25.20 25.21 25.22 25.23 25.24 25.25 25.26 25.27 25.28 25.29 25.30 25.31 25.32 25.33 25.34 25.35 25.36 25.37 25.38 25.39 25.40 25.41 25.42 25.43 25.44 25.45 25.46 25.47 25.48 25.49 25.50 25.51 25.52 25.53 25.54 25.55 25.56 25.57 "Mauritania Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Mauritania-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ 26.000 26.001 26.002 26.003 26.004 26.005 26.006 26.007 26.008 26.009 26.010 26.011 26.012 26.013 26.014 26.015 26.016 26.017 26.018 26.019 26.020 26.021 26.022 26.023 26.024 26.025 26.026 26.027 26.028 26.029 26.030 26.031 26.032 26.033 26.034 26.035 26.036 26.037 26.038 26.039 26.040 26.041 26.042 26.043 26.044 26.045 26.046 26.047 26.048 26.049 26.050 26.051 26.052 26.053 26.054 26.055 26.056 26.057 26.058 26.059 26.060 26.061 26.062 26.063 26.064 26.065 26.066 26.067 26.068 26.069 26.070 26.071 26.072 26.073 26.074 26.075 26.076 26.077 26.078 26.079 26.080 26.081 26.082 26.083 26.084 26.085 26.086 26.087 26.088 26.089 26.090 26.091 26.092 26.093 26.094 26.095 26.096 26.097 26.098 26.099 26.100 26.101 26.102 26.103 26.104 26.105 26.106 26.107 26.108 26.109 26.110 26.111 26.112 26.113 26.114 26.115 26.116 26.117 26.118 26.119 26.120 26.121 26.122 26.123 26.124 26.125 26.126 26.127 26.128 26.129 26.130 26.131 26.132 26.133 26.134 26.135 26.136 26.137 26.138 26.139 26.140 26.141 26.142 26.143 26.144 26.145 26.146 26.147 26.148 26.149 26.150 26.151 26.152 26.153 26.154 26.155 26.156 26.157 26.158 26.159 26.160 26.161 26.162 26.163 26.164 26.165 "Morocco Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Morocco-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ Wallace, Eric J. (2019-04-01). "The Moroccan Food Forest That Inspired an Agricultural Revolution - Gastro Obscura" . https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-is-permaculture-food-forests.amp .
↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 28.16 28.17 28.18 28.19 28.20 28.21 28.22 28.23 28.24 28.25 28.26 28.27 "Niger Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Niger-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ 29.000 29.001 29.002 29.003 29.004 29.005 29.006 29.007 29.008 29.009 29.010 29.011 29.012 29.013 29.014 29.015 29.016 29.017 29.018 29.019 29.020 29.021 29.022 29.023 29.024 29.025 29.026 29.027 29.028 29.029 29.030 29.031 29.032 29.033 29.034 29.035 29.036 29.037 29.038 29.039 29.040 29.041 29.042 29.043 29.044 29.045 29.046 29.047 29.048 29.049 29.050 29.051 29.052 29.053 29.054 29.055 29.056 29.057 29.058 29.059 29.060 29.061 29.062 29.063 29.064 29.065 29.066 29.067 29.068 29.069 29.070 29.071 29.072 29.073 29.074 29.075 29.076 29.077 29.078 29.079 29.080 29.081 29.082 29.083 29.084 29.085 29.086 29.087 29.088 29.089 29.090 29.091 29.092 29.093 29.094 29.095 29.096 29.097 29.098 29.099 29.100 29.101 29.102 29.103 29.104 29.105 29.106 29.107 29.108 29.109 29.110 29.111 29.112 29.113 29.114 29.115 29.116 29.117 29.118 29.119 29.120 29.121 29.122 29.123 29.124 29.125 29.126 29.127 29.128 29.129 29.130 29.131 29.132 29.133 29.134 29.135 29.136 29.137 29.138 29.139 29.140 29.141 29.142 29.143 29.144 29.145 29.146 29.147 29.148 29.149 29.150 29.151 29.152 29.153 29.154 29.155 29.156 29.157 29.158 29.159 29.160 29.161 29.162 29.163 29.164 29.165 29.166 29.167 "Oman Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Oman-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ 30.00 30.01 30.02 30.03 30.04 30.05 30.06 30.07 30.08 30.09 30.10 30.11 30.12 30.13 30.14 30.15 30.16 30.17 30.18 30.19 30.20 "Saudi Arabia Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Saudi-Arabia-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 31.10 31.11 31.12 31.13 31.14 31.15 31.16 31.17 31.18 31.19 31.20 31.21 31.22 31.23 31.24 31.25 31.26 31.27 31.28 31.29 31.30 31.31 31.32 31.33 31.34 31.35 31.36 "Tunisia Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Tunisia-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ Joseph Bingham, Origines sive Antiquitates ecclesiasticae (sumtibus Orphanotrophei, 1727) p 529.
↑ Baker Brite, Elizabeth (2016-12-01). "Irrigation in the Khorezm oasis, past and present: a political ecology perspective" . Journal of Political Ecology 23 (1). doi :10.2458/v23i1.20177 . ISSN 1073-0451 . Bibcode : 2016JPolE..2320177B . http://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/jpe/article/id/1948/ .
↑ 34.0 34.1 "UAE Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/UAE-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ 35.00 35.01 35.02 35.03 35.04 35.05 35.06 35.07 35.08 35.09 35.10 35.11 35.12 35.13 35.14 35.15 35.16 35.17 35.18 35.19 35.20 35.21 35.22 35.23 35.24 35.25 35.26 35.27 35.28 35.29 35.30 35.31 35.32 35.33 35.34 35.35 35.36 35.37 35.38 35.39 35.40 35.41 35.42 35.43 35.44 35.45 35.46 35.47 35.48 35.49 35.50 35.51 35.52 35.53 35.54 35.55 35.56 35.57 35.58 35.59 35.60 35.61 35.62 35.63 35.64 35.65 35.66 35.67 35.68 35.69 35.70 35.71 35.72 "Yemen Traditional Oases" . http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Yemen-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf .
↑ 36.0 36.1 Nabhan, Gary Paul (2002). The desert smells like rain: a naturalist in O'Odham country (1st University of Arizona pbk ed.). Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-2249-9 . OCLC 49028733 .
↑ "NatGeo Education: Oasis" . https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/oasis .
↑ "Zzyzx History" . 2022-05-30. https://www.nps.gov/moja/learn/historyculture/zzyzx.htm .
↑ willbibby (2012-08-27). "Trouble in Paradise? The untold story of the oasis biodiversity crisis" (in en). https://freshwaterblog.net/2012/08/27/trouble-in-paradise-the-untold-story-of-the-oasis-biodiversity-crisis/ .
↑ "Oasis Spring Ecological Reserve" . https://wildlife.ca.gov/Lands/Places-to-Visit/Oasis-Spring-ER .
↑ Brown, John S. [from old catalog] (1920). Routes to desert watering places in the Salton Sea region . California. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011211867 . Retrieved 2023-03-26 .
Bibliography
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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis. Read more