Outline of the Byzantine Empire

Short description: Overview of and topical guide to the Byzantine Empire

The Eastern Roman Empire (red) and its vassals (pink) in 555 AD during the reign of Justinian I. The vassals are the Kingdom of Lazica and the Abasgians (top), and the Ghassanids (east). This was the Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Byzantine Empire:

Byzantine Empire (or Byzantium) – the Constantinople-centred Roman Empire of the Middle Ages. It is also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, primarily in the context of Late Antiquity, while the Roman Empire was still administered with separate eastern and western political centres. In its own time, there was no such thing as "the Byzantine Empire," there was just the ongoing Roman Empire; "Byzantine Empire" is a scholarly term of convenience to differentiate the empire from its earlier existence during classical antiquity before the western half collapsed (see decline of the Roman Empire). Its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire (Greek: Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων, Basileia Rhōmaiōn;^[1] Latin: Imperium Romanum) or Romania (Ῥωμανία).({{{1}}}, {{{2}}}) After the Western Roman Empire fragmented and collapsed in the 5th century, the eastern half continued to thrive, existing for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During much of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe.

Geography of the Byzantine Empire

Regions of the Byzantine Empire

Albania under the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Armenia
Byzantine Crete
Byzantine Egypt
Byzantine Greece

Administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire

Subdivisions of the Byzantine Empire

Provinces of the Byzantine Empire

Bithynia
Byzacena
Byzantine Crete
Catepanate of Italy
Catepanate of Serbia
Drougoubiteia
Duchy of Perugia
Duchy of Rome
Duchy of the Pentapolis
Duchy of Venetia
Egypt (Roman province)
Europa (Roman province)
Duchy of Gaeta
Galatia (Roman province)
Haemimontus
Helenopontus
Honorias
Isauria
Mauretania Caesariensis
Mauretania Tingitana
Mesopotamia (Roman province)
Moesia Secunda
Duchy of Naples
Palaestina Prima
Paphlagonia
Paristrion
Phrygia Pacatiana
Phrygia Salutaris
Pontus Polemoniacus
Rhodope (Roman province)
Scythia Minor
Spania
Theodorias (province)
Thessaly

Themes of the Byzantine Empire

Theme (Byzantine district)

Cities of the Byzantine Empire

Constantinople (capital)
Thessalonika

Affiliated polities

Republic of Venice
Frankokratia
Despotate of Epirus
Empire of Trebizond
Bulgarian Empire
Serbian Empire

Demography of the Byzantine Empire

Population of the Byzantine Empire

Government and politics of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine emperors
- Byzantine emperors family tree
Byzantine bureaucracy
- Byzantinism
Byzantine diplomacy

Political institutions of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Senate

Byzantine law

Military of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine battle tactics
Byzantine military manuals

Byzantine armed forces

Byzantine army
Navy

Military conflicts

Byzantine wars

General history of the Byzantine Empire

History of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine civilisation in the twelfth century
Byzantine Empire under the Amorian dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Leonid dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Nikephorian dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Theodosian dynasty
Byzantine Iconoclasm
History of Lebanon under Byzantine rule
History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
Decline of the Byzantine Empire
- Fall of Constantinople

Military history of the Byzantine Empire

List of Byzantine wars
List of sieges of Constantinople
Byzantine–Sassanid Wars
- Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628
Byzantine–Arab Wars
- Byzantine–Arab Wars (780–1180)
  - Sack of Amorium (838)
Rus'–Byzantine Treaty
- Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907)
- Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (911)
- Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (945)
Rus'–Byzantine War
- Rus'–Byzantine War (860)
- Rus'–Byzantine War (907)
- Rus'–Byzantine War (941)
- Rus'–Byzantine War (1024)
- Rus'–Byzantine War (1043)
Byzantine–Venetian Treaty of 1082
Byzantine–Venetian War (1294–1302)
Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
Byzantine civil war of 1373–1379
Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–1349)
Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
- Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria
Byzantine–Norman wars
Byzantine–Seljuq Wars
Byzantine–Georgian wars
Byzantine–Mongol alliance
Byzantine–Ottoman Wars

Works on Byzantine history

Byzantine historiography and scholars

Byzantine studies
List of Byzantine scholars

18th century

Edward Gibbon

19th century

Fyodor Uspensky

20th century

Alexander Vasiliev (historian)
George Ostrogorsky
Warren Treadgold

Culture of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine culture

Byzantine architecture
Byzantine art
- Macedonian art
- Byzantine dance
- Byzantine literature
  - Acritic songs
  - Byzantine novel
- Byzantine music
Byzantine calendar
Byzantine cuisine
Byzantine dress
Byzantine gardens
Byzantine Greeks
Byzantine philosophy

Religion in the Byzantine Empire

History of late ancient Christianity
- State church of the Roman Empire
  - Byzantine Papacy
Eastern Orthodox Church
- Byzantine Rite
- Icons
  - Byzantine Iconoclasm
- Degrees of Orthodox monasticism
  - Mount Athos
  - Saint Catherine's Monastery
Paulicianism

Byzantine language

Medieval Greek

Byzantine economy

Byzantine economy
Byzantine agriculture
Byzantine currency
Byzantine coinage
Byzantine mints
Byzantine silk
Slavery in the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine education

Byzantine university
- University of Constantinople
Byzantine rhetoric

Byzantine science and technology

Byzantine science
Byzantine medicine
List of Byzantine inventions

References

↑ Kazhdan & Epstein 1985, p. 1.

External links

Byzantine studies, resources and bibliography

Adena, L. "The Enduring Legacy of Byzantium ", Clio History Journal, 2008.
Ciesniewski, C. "The Byzantine Achievement", Clio History Journal, 2006.
Fox, Clinton R. What, If Anything, Is a Byzantine? (Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors)
The Cambridge Medieval History (IV) The Eastern Roman Empire (717–1453).
Byzantine studies homepage at Dumbarton Oaks. Includes links to numerous electronic texts.
Byzantium: Byzantine studies on the Internet. Links to various online resources.
Translations from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c. 700–1204. Online sourcebook.
De Re Militari. Resources for medieval history, including numerous translated sources on the Byzantine wars.
Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium. Numerous primary sources on Byzantine history.
Bibliography on Byzantine Material Culture and Daily Life. Hosted by the University of Vienna; in English.
Constantinople Home Page. Links to texts, images and videos on Byzantium.
Byzantium in Crimea: Political History, Art and Culture.
Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (with further resources and a repository with papers on various aspects of the Byzantine Empire)

Miscellaneous

De Imperatoribus Romanis. Scholarly biographies of many Byzantine emperors.
The Fall of the Empire. Byzantine Lesson (2007). (Russian: Гибель империи. Византийский урок) A film explaining the political and economical reasons for the fall of the Empire, filmed by the Russian Orthodox Church.
12 Byzantine Rulers by Lars Brownworth of The Stony Brook School; audio lectures. NYTimes review.
18 centuries of Roman Empire by Howard Wiseman (Maps of the Roman/Byzantine Empire throughout its lifetime)

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[1] Kazhdan & Epstein 1985, p. 1.

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