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Types of earthquake

Topic: Earth

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This is a list of different types of earthquake.

A

  • Aftershock, a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock.[1][2]

B

C

  • Cryoseism, a seismic event that may be caused by a sudden cracking action in frozen soil or rock saturated with water or ice.[4]

D

  • Deep-focus earthquake, also called a plutonic earthquake, an earthquake with a depth exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi).[5]
  • Doublet earthquake, an earthquake that consists of at least two or more mainshocks of nearly identical magnitude, separated by a period of time.[6]

E

  • Earthquake swarm, events where a local area experiences sequences of many earthquakes striking in a relatively short period of time.[7]

F

  • Foreshock, an earthquake that occurs before a larger seismic event (the mainshock) and is related to it in both time and space.[8]

H

  • Harmonic tremor, a sustained release of seismic and infrasonic energy typically associated with the underground movement of magma, the venting of volcanic gases from magma, or both.[9]

I

M

  • Megathrust earthquake, an earthquake occurring at subduction zones at destructive convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another.[14]

R

S

  • Slow earthquake, a discontinuous, earthquake-like event that releases energy over a period of hours to months, rather than the seconds to minutes characteristic of a typical earthquake.[16]
  • Submarine earthquake, an earthquake that occurs underwater at the bottom of a body of water, especially an ocean.[17]
  • Supershear earthquake, an earthquake in which the propagation of the rupture along the fault surface occurs at speeds in excess of the seismic shear wave (S-wave) velocity, causing an effect analogous to a sonic boom.[18]
  • Strike-slip earthquake, an earthquake where two pieces of crust slide horizontally past each other.[19]

T

  • Tsunami earthquake, an earthquake that triggers a tsunami of a magnitude that is very much larger than the magnitude of the earthquake as measured by shorter-period seismic waves.[20]

V

References

  1. ↑ Mulroy, Clare (December 20, 2022). "What is an aftershock? Learn about the smaller earthquakes impacting Turkey and Syria." (in en-US). https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2022/12/20/what-is-aftershock-earthquakes/10932945002/. 
  2. ↑ "Foreshocks, aftershocks – what's the difference?". United States Geological Survey. https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/foreshocks-aftershocks-whats-difference. 
  3. ↑ "Blind Thrust Fault". United States Geological Survey. December 31, 2014. https://www.usgs.gov/media/videos/blind-thrust-fault. 
  4. ↑ Prociv, Kathryn (February 3, 2023). "Arctic blast could trigger a rare weather phenomenon: Frost quakes" (in en). NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/frost-quakes-dropping-temperatures-can-lead-mysterious-booms-rcna69030. 
  5. ↑ "Determining the Depth of an Earthquake". United States Geological Survey. https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/determining-depth-earthquake#:~:text=In%20general,%20the%20term%20%22deep,sinking%20into%20the%20Earth's%20mantle.. 
  6. ↑ Moshou, Alexandra; Konstantaras, Antonios; Argyrakis, Panagiotis; Petrakis, Nikolaos S.; Kapetanakis, Theodoros N.; Vardiambasis, Ioannis O. (July 25, 2022). "Data Management and Processing in Seismology: An Application of Big Data Analysis for the Doublet Earthquake of 2021, 03 March, Elassona, Central Greece" (in en). Applied Sciences 12 (15): 7446. doi:10.3390/app12157446. ISSN 2076-3417. 
  7. ↑ "Earthquake Swarm". https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/earthquake-swarm#:~:text=%E2%80%9CEarthquake%20swarms%E2%80%9D%20typically%20refer%20to,processes%20(Hill,%201977).. 
  8. ↑ Gates, A.; Ritchie, D. (2006). Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Infobase Publishing. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-8160-6302-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=b1sXfJCiCHQC&dq=foreshock+earthquake&pg=PA89. Retrieved 29 November 2010. 
  9. ↑ Montegrossi, Giordano; Farina, Angiolo; Fusi, Lorenzo; De Biase, Antonietta (October 8, 2019). "Mathematical model for volcanic harmonic tremors". Nature Publishing Group 9: 14417. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50675-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 31594972. Bibcode: 2019NatSR...914417M. 
  10. ↑ Kalkan, E.; Gurbuz, C.; Zor, E. (December 2014). "The Usage of Correlation Method for Micro-Earthquake Analysis at Salavatlı Geothermal Area, Aydın, Turkey.". American Geophysical Union 2014: S51A–4392. Bibcode: 2014AGUFM.S51A4392K. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.S51A4392K. 
  11. ↑ Bellam, Srigiri Shankar (August 2012). "Assessment of interplate and intraplate earthquakes". https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11713/BELLAM-THESIS.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y. 
  12. ↑ Iwata, Tomotaka; Asano, Kimiyuki (2011). "Characterization of the Heterogeneous Source Model of Intraslab Earthquakes Toward Strong Ground Motion Prediction". Pure and Applied Geophysics 168 (1–2): 117–124. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0128-7. Bibcode: 2011PApGe.168..117I. 
  13. ↑ Senoa, Tetsuzo; Yoshida, Masaki (2004). "Where and why do large shallow intraslab earthquakes occur?". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 141 (3): 183–206. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2003.11.002. Bibcode: 2004PEPI..141..183S. 
  14. ↑ "Questions and Answers on Megathrust Earthquakes" (in en). Natural Resources Canada. https://earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/zones/cascadia/qa-en.php. 
  15. ↑ Hough, Susan E. (January 1, 2005). "Remotely Triggered Earthquakes Following Moderate Mainshocks (or, Why California Is Not Falling into the Ocean)". https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/srl/article-abstract/76/1/58/143086/Remotely-Triggered-Earthquakes-Following-Moderate?redirectedFrom=fulltext. 
  16. ↑ Becker, Rachel (August 30, 2016). "Slow Earthquakes Are a Thing" (in en). https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/slow-earthquakes-are-thing-180960248/. 
  17. ↑ Fryer, Gerard. "How do undersea earthquakes cause tsunamis?". https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/ASK/tsunami2.html. 
  18. ↑ Levy D. (December 2, 2005). "A century after the 1906 earthquake, geophysicists revisit 'The Big One' and come up with a new model". Press release. Stanford University. http://news-service.stanford.edu/pr/2005/pr-agu_beroza-120705.html. 
  19. ↑ Adams, Rick (August 2, 2019). "Earthquakes: What Is a Strike Slip Fault?" (in en). https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/la-east/news/2019/08/02/earthquakes--what-is-a-strike-slip-fault-. 
  20. ↑ Sun, Lin (August 2020). "Relationships between tsunami size and earthquake magnitude improved by fault parameters". https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/6fb77267-f386-491f-960c-af481cffa235/content. 
  21. ↑ "Volcanic Earthquakes" (in en). Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. https://pnsn.org/outreach/earthquakesources/volcanic. 




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