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7400-series integrated circuits

Topic: Engineering

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 23 min
Short description: Series of transistor–transistor logic integrated circuits
Upper half is a line diagram showing four NAND gate symbols in a rectangle. Lower half is a photo of a grey rectangular integrated circuit package with metal pins on the two long sides, and lettering on top as described in the caption
The SN7400N chip contains four two-input NAND gates. The SN prefix indicates it was manufactured by Texas Instruments[1] The N suffix is a vendor-specific code indicating plastic DIP packaging. The second line of numbers (7645) is a date code; this chip was manufactured in the 45th week of 1976.[2]

The 7400 series is a popular logic family of transistor–transistor logic (TTL) integrated circuits (ICs).[3]

In 1964, Texas Instruments introduced the SN5400 series of logic chips, in a ceramic semiconductor package. A low-cost plastic package SN7400 series was introduced in 1966 which quickly gained over 50% of the logic chip market, and eventually becoming de facto standardized electronic components.[4][5] Over the decades, many generations of pin-compatible descendant families evolved to include support for low power CMOS technology, lower supply voltages, and surface mount packages.[6]

Overview

The 7400 series contains hundreds of devices that provide everything from basic logic gates, flip-flops, and counters, to special purpose bus transceivers and arithmetic logic units (ALU). Specific functions are described in a list of 7400 series integrated circuits. Some TTL logic parts were made with an extended military-specification temperature range. These parts are prefixed with 54 instead of 74 in the part number. The less-common 64 and 84 prefixes on Texas Instruments parts indicated an industrial temperature range. Since the 1970s, new product families have been released to replace the original 7400 series. More recent TTL-compatible logic families were manufactured using CMOS or BiCMOS technology rather than TTL.

Texas Instruments prefixes for TTL temperature ranges
Prefix Name Temperature range Remarks
54 Military -55 °C to +125 °C
64 Industrial -40 °C to +85 °C rare
74 Commercial 0 °C to +70 °C most common

Today, surface-mounted CMOS versions of the 7400 series are used in various applications in electronics and for glue logic in computers and industrial electronics. The original through-hole devices in dual in-line packages (DIP/DIL) were the mainstay of the industry for many decades. They are useful for rapid breadboard-prototyping and for education and remain available from most manufacturers. The fastest types and very low voltage versions are typically surface-mount only, however.[citation needed]

Texas Instruments SN5451 in the original flat package

The first part number in the series, the 7400, is a 14-pin IC containing four two-input NAND gates. Each gate uses two input pins and one output pin, with the remaining two pins being power (+5 V) and ground. This part was made in various through-hole and surface-mount packages, including flat pack and plastic/ceramic dual in-line. Additional characters in a part number identify the package and other variations.

Unlike the older resistor-transistor logic integrated circuits, bipolar TTL gates were unsuitable to be used as analog devices, providing low gain, poor stability, and low input impedance.[7] Special-purpose TTL devices were used to provide interface functions such as Schmitt triggers or monostable multivibrator timing circuits. Inverting gates could be cascaded as a ring oscillator, useful for purposes where high stability was not required.

History

Although the 7400 series was the first de facto industry standard TTL logic family (i.e. second-sourced by several semiconductor companies), there were earlier TTL logic families such as:

The 7400 quad 2-input NAND gate was the first product in the series, introduced by Texas Instruments in a military grade metal flat package (5400W) in October 1964. The pin assignment of this early series differed from the de facto standard set by the later series in DIP packages (in particular, ground was connected to pin 11 and the power supply to pin 4, compared to pins 7 and 14 for DIP packages).[5] The extremely popular commercial grade plastic DIP (7400N) followed in the third quarter of 1966.[18]

The 5400 and 7400 series were used in many popular minicomputers in the 1970s and early 1980s. Some models of the DEC PDP-series 'minis' used the 74181 ALU as the main computing element in the CPU. Other examples were the Data General Nova series and Hewlett-Packard 21MX, 1000, and 3000 series.

In 1965, typical quantity-one pricing for the SN5400 (military grade, in ceramic welded flat-pack) was around 22 USD.[19] As of 2007, individual commercial-grade chips in molded epoxy (plastic) packages can be purchased for approximately US$0.25 each, depending on the particular chip.

  • Die of a 74AHC00D, manufactured by NXP

  • SN7400 die in the original flat package, manufactured by TI

  • Die vs Schematic of one gate in a 74H00

  • Schematic of one gate in a 7400

  • Schematic of one gate in a 74LS00

  • Schematic of one gate in a 74ALS00

  • Size comparison of 74HC00 in DIP vs TSSOP package

Families

Current (Amp) vs Speed (Hz) comparison of various 7400 families

7400 series parts were constructed using bipolar junction transistors (BJT), forming what is referred to as transistor–transistor logic or TTL. Newer series, more or less compatible in function and logic level with the original parts, use CMOS technology or a combination of the two (BiCMOS). Originally the bipolar circuits provided higher speed but consumed more power than the competing 4000 series of CMOS devices. Bipolar devices are also limited to a fixed power supply voltage, typically 5 V, while CMOS parts often support a range of supply voltages.

Milspec-rated devices for use in extended temperature conditions are available as the 5400 series. Texas Instruments also manufactured radiation-hardened devices with the prefix RSN, and the company offered beam-lead bare dies for integration into hybrid circuits with a BL prefix designation.[20]

Regular-speed TTL parts were also available for a time in the 6400 series – these had an extended industrial temperature range of −40 °C to +85 °C. While companies such as Mullard listed 6400-series compatible parts in 1970 data sheets,[21] by 1973 there was no mention of the 6400 family in the Texas Instruments TTL Data Book. Texas Instruments brought back the 6400 series in 1989 for the SN64BCT540.[22] The SN64BCTxxx series is still in production as of 2023.[23] Some companies have also offered industrial extended temperature range variants using the regular 7400-series part numbers with a prefix or suffix to indicate the temperature grade.

As integrated circuits in the 7400 series were made in different technologies, usually compatibility was retained with the original TTL logic levels and power supply voltages. An integrated circuit made in CMOS is not a TTL chip, since it uses field-effect transistors (FETs) and not bipolar junction transistors (BJT), but similar part numbers are retained to identify similar logic functions and electrical (power and I/O voltage) compatibility in the different subfamilies. Over 40 different logic subfamilies use this standardized part number scheme.[6][page needed] The headings in the following table are: Vcc – power supply voltage; tpd – maximum gate delay; IOL – maximum output current at low level; IOH – maximum output current at high level. tpd, IOL, and IOH apply to most gates in a given family. Driver or buffer gates have higher output currents.

Code Family Vcc tpd IOL IOH Year[lower-alpha 1] Description
Bipolar TTL Families[lower-alpha 2]
74 Standard TTL 5 V ±5% 22 ns 16 mA -0.4 mA 1966[24]:6-2 The original 7400 logic family. Contains no characters between the "74" and the part number.[25]:3–5
74H High-Speed 5 V ±5% 10 ns 20 mA -0.5 mA 1967[26]:72 Higher speed than the original 74 series, at the expense of power dissipation. TTL logic levels.[24]:6-2[25]:3–6
74L Low-Power 5 V ±5% 60 ns 3.6 mA -0.2 mA 1967[26]:72 Same technology as the original 74 family, but with larger resistors to lower power consumption at the expense of gate speed. TTL logic levels. Now obsolete.[24]:6-2
74S Schottky 5 V ±5% 5 ns 20 mA -1 mA 1969[26]:72 Implemented using Schottky diode. High current draw. TTL logic levels.[24]:6-2[25]:3–9
74LS Low-Power Schottky 5 V ±5% 15 ns 8 mA -0.4 mA 1971[26]:72 Same technology as the 74S family, but with lower power consumption (2 mW) at the expense of gate speed. TTL logic levels.[24]:6-2[25]:3–8
74F FAST 5 V ±5% 3.9 ns 20 mA -1 mA 1978[27] Originally Fairchild's version of the 74AS family. TTL logic levels.[28]:2-9,4-3
74ALS Advanced Low-Power Schottky 5 V ±10% 11 ns 8 mA -0.4 mA 1980[26]:72 Same technology as the 74AS family, but with lower power consumption at the expense of gate speed. TTL logic levels.[29]:2–4
74AS Advanced Schottky 5 V ±10% 4.5 ns 20 mA -2 mA 1982[26]:72 Same technology as the 74S family, but with "miller killer" circuitry to speed up low-to-high transitions. TTL logic levels.[29]:2–5
CMOS and BiCMOS Families[lower-alpha 2]
74C CMOS 3.0–15 V 60 ns 0.36 mA -0.36 mA 1975[30]:1 74C is standard CMOS, similar to buffered 4000 (4000B) series. Input levels not compatible with TTL families. The 4000A series was introduced in 1968, the 4000B around 1975.
74HC[lower-alpha 3] High-Speed CMOS 2.0–6.0 V 15 ns 4 mA -4 mA 1983?[31]:4-2 Similar performance to 74LS. CMOS logic levels.[38][31]:4-2
74HCT High-Speed CMOS 5 V ±10% 15 ns 4.8 mA -4.8 mA 1983?[31]:5-2 Similar performance to 74LS. TTL logic levels.[31]:5-2
74HCTLS High-Speed CMOS 5 V ±10% 15 ns 8 mA -4 mA 1988?[39]:417 Samsung's version of the 74HCT series. TTL logic levels.[39]:417
74HCS Schmitt-Trigger Integrated High-Speed CMOS 2.0–6.0 V 13 ns 7.8 mA -7.8 mA 2019?[40] Schmitt triggers on all inputs.[41] CMOS logic levels.
74AHC[lower-alpha 3] Advanced High-Speed CMOS 2.0–5.5 V 5.5 ns 8 mA -8 mA Up to three times as fast as the 74HC family. 5 V tolerant inputs. CMOS logic levels.[42][43]:3–5 Equivalent to 74VHC.[6]:6
74AHCT Advanced High-Speed CMOS 5 V ±10% 6.9 ns 8 mA -8 mA 1986?[44] Up to three times as fast as the 74HCT family. TTL logic levels.[42][43]:3–11 Equivalent to 74VHCT.[6]:6
74VHC[lower-alpha 3] Very High-Speed CMOS 2.0–5.5 V 5.5 ns 8 mA -8 mA 1992?[45] 5 V tolerant inputs.[46] Equivalent to 74AHC.[6]:6 CMOS logic levels.
74VHCT Very High-Speed CMOS 5 V ±10% 6.9 ns 8 mA -8 mA 1995?[47] Equivalent to 74AHCT.[6]:6 TTL logic levels.
74AC Advanced CMOS 2.0–6.0 V 8 ns 24 mA -24 mA 1985[48]:1–3 CMOS logic levels.[49]:4-3 Outputs may cause ground bounce.
74ACT Advanced CMOS 5 V ±10% 8 ns 24 mA -24 mA 1985[48]:1–3 TTL logic levels.[49][50]:AC-15 Outputs may cause ground bounce.
74ACQ Advanced CMOS with "quiet" outputs 2.0–6.0 V 6.5 ns 24 mA -24 mA 1989[27] Fairchild's "Quiet Series" offering lower ringing and ground bounce on state transitions. Bus interface circuits only in this family. CMOS logic levels.[51]
74ACTQ Advanced CMOS with "quiet" outputs 5 V ±10% 7.5 ns 24 mA -24 mA 1989[27] Fairchild's "Quiet Series" offering lower ringing and ground bounce on state transitions.[52] TTL logic levels.[51]
74ABT[lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5] Advanced BiCMOS 5 V ±10% 3.6 ns 20 mA -15 mA 1991?[53] TTL logic levels.[54]
74LVCE Low-Voltage CMOS 1.4–5.5 V 3.6 ns 32 mA -32 mA 2010?[55] CMOS logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs. Extented supply voltage range and higher speed compared to 74LVC.[55]
Low-Voltage CMOS and BiCMOS Families[lower-alpha 6]
74LVT[lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 7] Low-Voltage BiCMOS 2.7–3.6 V 4.1 ns 32 mA -20 mA 1992[59]:1 TTL logic levels, 5 V tolerant inputs and outputs.[60] Note, original 1992 LVTs had bus-hold. However a 1996 redesign of LVT emphasized performance, so 1992 LVTs were renamed LVTH to denote the bus-hold feature explicitly in the device name. LVTH also added the high impedance during power up/down feature.[59]
74LVQ Low-Voltage Quiet CMOS 2.0–3.6 V 9.5 ns 12 mA -12 mA 1992[48]:1–3 TTL logic levels. Guaranteed incident-wave switching for 75 Ω lines.[48]:1–3
74LV[lower-alpha 3] Low-Voltage CMOS 2.7–3.6 V 18 ns 6 mA -6 mA 1993?[33]:10–3 TTL logic levels.[33]:10–3
74LVC[lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 7] Low-Voltage CMOS 2.0–3.6 V 6 ns 24 mA -24 mA 1993?[33]:8-5 TTL logic levels, 5 V tolerant inputs.[33]:8-5
74ALVC[lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5] Advanced Low-Voltage CMOS 1.65–3.6 V 3.0 ns 24 mA -24 mA 1994?[33]:3–21 3.3 V tolerant inputs and outputs.[73][74]
74VCX Advanced Low-Voltage CMOS 1.20–3.6 V 3.1 ns 24 mA -24 mA 1997[27] Fairchild's version of 74ALVC.[6]:6 3.3 V tolerant inputs and outputs.[75]
74LCX[lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 7] Low-Voltage High-Speed CMOS 2.0–3.6 V 4.3 ns 24 mA -24 mA 1994[27] Fairchild's version of 74LVC.[6]:6 TTL logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs and outputs.[76][77][78]
74LVX[lower-alpha 3] Low-Voltage High-Speed CMOS 2.0–3.6 V 9.7 ns 4 mA -4 mA 1994?[78] TTL logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs. Faster than 74VHC at low voltages.[78]
74AUP Advanced Ultra-Low-Power 0.80–3.6 V 3.8 ns 4 mA -4 mA 2004?[79] 3.3 V tolerant hysteresis inputs.[80]
74G Gigahertz 1.65–3.6 V 1.5 ns 12 mA -12 mA 2006[81] Speeds over 1 gigahertz with 5 V tolerant inputs.[82]
Very-Low-Voltage CMOS Families
74AUC[lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4] Advanced Ultra-Low-Voltage CMOS 0.80–2.7 V 2.0 ns 9 mA -9 mA 2002?[83] 3.3 V tolerant inputs.[84]
Limited Families for Special Applications[lower-alpha 8]
74FCT Fast CMOS 5 V ±5% 7 ns 64 mA -15 mA 1986?[44] Manufactured in CMOS[44] or BiCMOS[85] technology. Performance like 74F at lower power consumption. No simple gates in this family.
74BCT BiCMOS 5 V ±10% 6.6 ns 64 mA -15 mA 1988?[86] TTL logic levels. Bus interface circuits only in this family.[86]
74FBT Fast BiCMOS 5 V ±10% 4.1 ns 64 mA -24 mA 1990?[87]:6.59 Bus interface circuits only in this family.[87]:6.59
74FB Futurebus 5 V ±5% 5 ns 80 mA – [lower-alpha 9] 1992?[88]:7-3 Futurebus+ interface circuits only in this family.[88]:7-3
74GTL Gunning transceiver logic 5 V ±5% 4 ns 64 mA -32 mA 1993?[89]:12–17 Bus interface circuits only in this family.[89]:12–3
74GTLP[lower-alpha 4] Gunning transceiver logic Plus 3.15–3.45 V 7.5 ns 50 mA – [lower-alpha 9] 1996[90] Bus interface circuits only in this family. Fairchild's improved version of 74GTL (higher bus speed, lower ground bounce).[90][67]:3-3
74CBT[lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5] Crossbar Switch 5 V ±10% 0.25 ns 64 mA -15 mA 1992?[91]:5-3 FET bus switches only in this family.[91]:5-3
74FST Crossbar Switch 5 V ±5% 0.25 ns 30 mA -15 mA 1995?[92]:10.1 FET bus switches only in this family.[92]:10.1 IDT's version of 74CBT.[6]:6
74CBTLV Crossbar Switch Low-Voltage 2.3–3.6 V 0.25 ns 64 mA -15 mA 1997?[61]:7–15 FET bus switches only in this family.[61]:7–15
74ALB Advanced Low-Voltage BiCMOS 3.0–3.6 V 2.0 ns 25 mA -25 mA 1996?[33]:2–3 Bus interface circuits only in this family.[33]:2–3
74LPT Low-Voltage CMOS 2.7–3.6 V 4.1 ns 24 mA -24 mA 1996?[93]:3–84 Bus interface circuits only in this family. 5 V tolerant inputs.[93]:3–84
74AVC[lower-alpha 4] Advanced Very-Low-Voltage CMOS 1.40–3.6 V 1.7 ns 12 mA -12 mA 1998?[94] 3.3 V tolerant inputs. Bus interface circuits only in this family.[94]
74ALVT[lower-alpha 4] Advanced Low-Voltage BiCMOS 2.3–3.6 V 2.5 ns 64 mA -32 mA 1999?[95] 5 V tolerant inputs and outputs.[96][80] Bus interface circuits only in this family.
74AHCV Advanced High-Speed CMOS 1.8–5.5 V 7.5 ns 16 mA -16 mA 2016?[97] CMOS logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs. Extented supply voltage range and higher speed compared to 74AHC.[97] Bus interface circuits only in this family. See also 74LVCE.
74AXC[lower-alpha 4] Advanced Extremely-Low-Voltage CMOS 0.65–3.6 V 4 ns 12 mA -12 mA 2018?[68] 3.3 V tolerant inputs. Bus interface circuits only in this family.[98]
74LXC[lower-alpha 4] Low-Voltage CMOS 1.1–5.5 V 7 ns 32 mA -32 mA 2019?[69] Extended supply voltage range compared to 74LVC. Bus interface circuits only in this family. See also 74LVCE.[69][99]
  1. ↑ A question mark indicates that the year of introduction is based on the earliest data sheet or the revision history in a data sheet.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Parameters are shown for the 2-input NAND gate (74x00 or 74x1G00) at Vcc = 5 V,Ta = 25 °C, CL = 50 pF.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 The letter "U" when added to the family code (e.g. 74HCU) indicates an unbuffered CMOS circuit. Typically, there is only one unbuffered circuit in a family: the hex inverter (74x04). Unbuffered circuits are intended for analogue applications such as crystal oscillators.[31]:4–11[32][33]:8-17,10-15[34][35][36][37]
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 The letter "H" when added to the family code (e.g. 74LVCH) indicates a circuit with a bus-hold feature. That is, if the input bus goes to a high-impendance or floating state then the outputs keep their state according to the last valid input state. This eliminates the need for pull-up resistors or pull-down resistors. "H" can also be combined with "R"[lower-alpha 5] (e.g. 74ALVCHR).[61]:1-5, 4-19[33]:3-15, 8-103[59][62][63][64][65][66][67]:3-3[68][69]
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 The letter "R" when added to the family code (e.g. 74LCXR) indicates a circuit with integrated resistors at the outputs in order to reduce overshoot and undershoot of the output signal.[61]:1-5, 4-23[70]:3–51[71][33]:3–53[72]
  6. ↑ Parameters are shown for the 2-input NAND gate (74x00 or 74x1G00) at Vcc = 3.3 V,Ta = 25 °C, CL = 50 pF.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 The letter "Z" when added to the family code (e.g. 74LVTZ) indicates a circuit where a high-impedance state of all outputs is guaranteed when the power supply voltage drops below a certain threshold.[56][57][58]
  8. ↑ There are no simple gates in these families. Parameters are for a transceiver (74x245, 74x16245, or similar).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 B-side outputs are all open-collector in this family.
Comparison of logic levels for various 7400 families

Many parts in the CMOS HC, AC, AHC, and VHC families are also offered in "T" versions (HCT, ACT, AHCT and VHCT) which have input thresholds that are compatible with both TTL and 3.3 V CMOS signals. The non-T parts have conventional CMOS input thresholds, which are more restrictive than TTL thresholds. Typically, CMOS input thresholds require high-level signals to be at least 70% of Vcc and low-level signals to be at most 30% of Vcc. (TTL has the input high level above 2.0 V and the input low level below 0.8 V, so a TTL high-level signal could be in the forbidden middle range for 5 V CMOS.)

The 74H family is the same basic design as the 7400 family with resistor values reduced. This reduced the typical propagation delay from 9 ns to 6 ns but increased the power consumption. The 74H family provided a number of unique devices for CPU designs in the 1970s. Many designers of military and aerospace equipment used this family over a long period and as they need exact replacements, this family is still produced by Lansdale Semiconductor.[100]

The 74S family, using Schottky circuitry, uses more power than the 74, but is faster. The 74LS family of ICs is a lower-power version of the 74S family, with slightly higher speed but lower power dissipation than the original 74 family; it became the most popular variant once it was widely available. Many 74LS ICs can be found in microcomputers and digital consumer electronics manufactured in the 1980s and early 1990s.

The 74F family was introduced by Fairchild Semiconductor and adopted by other manufacturers; it is faster than the 74, 74LS and 74S families.

Through the late 1980s and 1990s newer versions of this[which?] family were introduced to support the lower operating voltages used in newer CPU devices.

Characteristics of selected 7400 series families (VDD = 5 V)[101]
Parameter 74C 74HC 74AC 74HCT 74ACT Units
VIH (min) 3.5 2.0 V
VOH (min) 4.5 4.9 V
VIL (max) 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.8 V
VOL (max) 0.5 0.1 V
IIH (max) 1 μA
IIL (max) 1 μA
IOH (max) 0.4 4.0 24 4.0 24 mA
IOL (max) 0.4 4.0 24 4.0 24 mA
TP (max) 50 8 4.7 8 4.7 ns

Part numbering

Part numbering
Surface-mount 74HC595 shift registers on a PCB. This 74HC variant uses CMOS signalling voltage levels while the 74HCT595 variant uses TTL signalling levels.
Die of a 74HC595 8-bit shift register

Part number schemes varied by manufacturer. The part numbers for 7400-series logic devices often use the following designators:

  • Often first, a two or three letter prefix, denoting the manufacturer and flow class of the device. These codes are no longer closely associated with a single manufacturer, for example, Fairchild Semiconductor manufactures parts with MM and DM prefixes, and no prefixes. Examples:
  • Two digits for temperature range. Examples:
    • 54: military temperature range
    • 64: short-lived historical series with intermediate "industrial" temperature range
    • 74: commercial temperature range device
  • Zero to four letters denoting the logic subfamily. Examples:
    • zero letters: basic bipolar TTL
    • LS: low speed Schottky
    • HCT: High-speed CMOS compatible with TTL
  • Two or more arbitrarily assigned digits that identify the function of the device. There are hundreds of different devices in each family.
  • Additional suffix letters and numbers may be appended to denote the package type, quality grade, or other information, but this varies widely by manufacturer.

For example, "SN5400N" signifies that the part is a 7400-series IC probably manufactured by Texas Instruments ("SN" originally meaning "Semiconductor Network"[102]) using commercial processing, is of the military temperature rating ("54"), and is of the TTL family (absence of a family designator), its function being the quad 2-input NAND gate ("00") implemented in a plastic through-hole DIP package ("N").

Many logic families maintain a consistent use of the device numbers as an aid to designers. Often a part from a different 74x00 subfamily could be substituted ("drop-in replacement") in a circuit, with the same function and pin-out yet more appropriate characteristics for an application (perhaps speed or power consumption), which was a large part of the appeal of the 74C00 series over the competing CD4000B series, for example. But there are a few exceptions where incompatibilities (mainly in pin-out) across the subfamilies occurred, such as:

  • some flat-pack devices (e.g. 7400W) and surface-mount devices,
  • some of the faster CMOS series (for example 74AC),
  • a few low-power TTL devices (e.g. 74L86, 74L9 and 74L95) have a different pin-out than the regular (or even 74LS) series part.[103]
  • five versions of the 74x54 (4-wide AND-OR-INVERT gates IC), namely 7454(N), 7454W, 74H54, 74L54W and 74L54N/74LS54, are different from each other in pin-out and/or function,[104]

Second sources from Europe and Eastern Bloc

Soviet K131LA3, equivalent to 74H00
Czechoslovak MH74S00, Texas Instruments SN74S251N, East German DL004D (74LS04), Soviet K155LA13 (7438)
Romanian CDB493E, equivalent to SN7493

Some manufacturers, such as Mullard and Siemens, had pin-compatible TTL parts, but with a completely different numbering scheme; however, data sheets identified the 7400-compatible number as an aid to recognition.

At the time the 7400 series was being made, some European manufacturers (that traditionally followed the Pro Electron naming convention), such as Philips/Mullard, produced a series of TTL integrated circuits with part names beginning with FJ. Some examples of FJ series are:

  • FJH101 (=7430) single 8-input NAND gate,
  • FJH131 (=7400) quadruple 2-input NAND gate,
  • FJH181 (=7454N or J) 2+2+2+2 input AND-OR-NOT gate.

The Soviet Union started manufacturing TTL ICs with 7400-series pinout in the late 1960s and early 1970s, such as the K155ЛA3, which was pin-compatible with the 7400 part available in the United States, except for using a metric spacing of 2.5 mm between pins instead of the 0.1 inches (2.54 mm) pin-to-pin spacing used in the west.[105] Another peculiarity of the Soviet-made 7400 series was the packaging material used in the 1970s–1980s. Instead of the ubiquitous black resin, they had a brownish-green body colour with subtle swirl marks created during the moulding process. It was jokingly referred to in the Eastern Bloc electronics industry as the "elephant-dung packaging", due to its appearance.[citation needed]

The Soviet integrated circuit designation is different from the Western series:

  • the technology modifications were considered different series and were identified by different numbered prefixes – К155 series is equivalent to plain 74, К555 series is 74LS, К1533 is 74ALS, etc.;
  • the function of the unit is described with a two-letter code followed by a number:
    • the first letter represents the functional group – logical, triggers, counters, multiplexers, etc.;
    • the second letter shows the functional subgroup, making the distinction between logical NAND and NOR, D- and JK-triggers, decimal and binary counters, etc.;
    • the number distinguishes variants with different number of inputs or different number of elements within a die – ЛА1/ЛА2/ЛА3 (LA1/LA2/LA3) are 2 four-input / 1 eight-input / 4 two-input NAND elements respectively (equivalent to 7420/7430/7400).

Before July 1974 the two letters from the functional description were inserted after the first digit of the series. Examples: К1ЛБ551 and К155ЛА1 (7420), К1ТМ552 and К155ТМ2 (7474) are the same ICs made at different times.

Clones of the 7400 series were also made in other Eastern Bloc countries:[106]

  • Bulgaria (Mikroelektronika Botevgrad) used a designation somewhat similar to that of the Soviet Union, e.g. 1ЛБ00ШМ (1LB00ShM) for a 74LS00. Some of the two-letter functional groups were borrowed from the Soviet designation, while others differed. Unlike the Soviet scheme, the two or three digit number after the functional group matched the western counterpart. The series followed at the end (i.e. ШМ for LS). Only the LS series is known to have been manufactured in Bulgaria.[107][108](pp8–11)
  • Czechoslovakia (TESLA) used the 7400 numbering scheme with manufacturer prefix MH. Example: MH7400. Tesla also produced industrial grade (8400, −25 ° to 85 °C) and military grade (5400, −55 ° to 125 °C) ones.
  • Poland (Unitra CEMI) used the 7400 numbering scheme with manufacturer prefixes UCA for the 5400 and 6400 series, as well as UCY for the 7400 series. Examples: UCA6400, UCY7400. Note that ICs with the prefix MCY74 correspond to the 4000 series (e.g. MCY74002 corresponds to 4002 and not to 7402).
  • Hungary (Tungsram, later Mikroelektronikai Vállalat / MEV) also used the 7400 numbering scheme, but with manufacturer suffix – 7400 is marked as 7400APC.
  • Romania (I.P.R.S.) used a trimmed 7400 numbering with the manufacturer prefix CDB (example: CDB4123E corresponds to 74123) for the 74 and 74H series, where the suffix H indicated the 74H series.[109] For the later 74LS series, the standard numbering was used.[110]
  • East Germany (HFO) also used trimmed 7400 numbering without manufacturer prefix or suffix. The prefix D (or E) designates digital IC, and not the manufacturer. Example: D174 is 7474. 74LS clones were designated by the prefix DL; e.g. DL000 = 74LS00. In later years East German made clones were also available with standard 74* numbers, usually for export.[111]

A number of different technologies were available from the Soviet Union,[105][112] [113] [114] [106] Czechoslovakia,[115] [108] Poland,[106][108] and East Germany.[111] The 8400 series in the table below indicates an industrial temperature range from −25 °C to +85 °C (as opposed to −40 °C to +85 °C for the 6400 series).

Prefixes of Eastern European series
Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Poland East Germany
5400 7400 5400 7400 8400 5400 6400 7400 6400 7400 8400
74 133 К155 MH54 MH74 MH84 UCA54 UCA64 UCY74 D1 E1
74L 134,[lower-alpha 1] 136 КР134, К158
74H 130 К131 UCA64H UCY74H D2 E2
74S 530 КР531 MH54S MH74S MH84S UCY74S DS
74LS 533 К555 UCY74LS DL...D DL...DG
74AS 1530 КР1530
74ALS 1533 КР1533 MH54ALS MH74ALS
74F 1531 КР1531
74HC 1564 КР1564
74HCT 5564 U74HCT...DK
74AC 1554 КР1554
74ACT 1594 КР1594
74LVC 5574
74VHC 5584
  1. ↑ The pin assignment of the 134 series mostly follows Texas Instruments' original flat-pack series, i.e. ground on pin 11 and power on pin 4.

Around 1990 the production of standard logic ceased in all Eastern European countries except the Soviet Union and later Russia and Belarus . As of 2016, the series 133, К155, 1533, КР1533, 1554, 1594, and 5584 were in production at "Integral" in Belarus,[116] as well as the series 130 and 530 at "NZPP-KBR",[117] 134 and 5574 at "VZPP",[118] 533 at "Svetlana",[119] 1564, К1564, КР1564 at "NZPP",[120] 1564, К1564 at "Voshod",[121] 1564 at "Exiton",[122] and 133, 530, 533, 1533 at "Mikron" in Russia.[123] The Russian company Angstrem manufactures 54HC circuits as the 5514БЦ1 series, 54AC as the 5514БЦ2 series, and 54LVC as the 5524БЦ2 series.[124]

See also

A 4-bit, 2 register, six-instruction computer made entirely of 74-series chips on a solderless breadboard

References

  1. ↑ R. M. Marston (31 October 1996). Digital Logic IC. Newnes. p. 21. ISBN 9780750630184. https://books.google.com/books?id=cjt462Rr90wC&q=7400+manufacturer+codes+texas+instruments&pg=PA21. Retrieved October 14, 2017. 
  2. ↑ Wylie, Andrew (2013). "The first monolithic integrated circuits". http://homepages.nildram.co.uk/~wylie/ICs/monolith.htm. 
  3. ↑ Don Lancaster (1975), TTL Cookbook, Indianapolis: Howard W. Sams and Co., ISBN:0-672-21035-5, preface
  4. ↑ "1963: Standard Logic IC Families Introduced". https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/standard-logic-ic-families-introduced/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 1967-68 Integrated Circuits Catalog. Texas Instruments. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_tidataBookts196768_16942634. Retrieved July 23, 2019. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 "Logic Reference Guide: Bipolar, BiCMOS, and CMOS Logic Technology". 2004. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ml/scyb004b/scyb004b.pdf. 
  7. ↑ Don Lancaster, TTL Cookbook, Howard W. Sams 1974, page 169
  8. ↑ "The Rise of TTL: How Fairchild Won a Battle But Lost the War | Computer History Museum" (in en-US). 13 July 2015. See section: "The Rise of TTL". http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/the-rise-of-ttl-how-fairchild-won-a-battle-but-lost-the-war/. 
  9. ↑ SM2927 Sylvania Universal High Level Logic May66. 1966. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_sylvaniadaiaUniversalHighLevelLogicMay66_3459527. 
  10. ↑ "Digital ICs: Standard Logic". Electronic Design. 2002-01-07. http://www.electronicdesign.com/boards/digital-ics-standard-logic. 
  11. ↑ TTL Integrated Circuits Data Book. Motoroloa Semiconductor Products Inc.. 1971. http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/components/motorola/_dataBooks/1971_Motorola_TTL_Integrated_Circuits_Data_Book.pdf. 
  12. ↑ Lancaster, Don (1974) (in en). TTL Cookbook. H. W. Sams. pp. 8. ISBN 9780672210358. https://books.google.com/books?id=nv9SAAAAMAAJ&q=mc4000. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lancaster, Don (1974). TTL Cookbook. Sams / Prentice Hall Computer Publishing. pp. 9. ISBN 0-672-21035-5. https://archive.org/details/ttlcookbook00lanc/page/9. 
  14. ↑ "DM8000 series TTL – andys-arcade" (in en-GB). http://www.andysarcade.net/store2/dm8000-series-ttl.html. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "1963: Standard Logic IC Families Introduced | The Silicon Engine | Computer History Museum" (in en). http://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/standard-logic-ic-families-introduced/. 
  16. ↑ "The Rise of TTL: How Fairchild Won a Battle But Lost the War | Computer History Museum" (in en-US). 13 July 2015. See section: "Fairchild responds with TTL MSI". http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/the-rise-of-ttl-how-fairchild-won-a-battle-but-lost-the-war/. 
  17. ↑ Signetics Digital 8000 Series TTL/MSI and Memories Data Book. Signetics Corporation. 1972. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_signeticsdcs8000SeriesTTLMSI_11847693. 
  18. ↑ "The Chip Collection - TI Integrated Circuit Designer's Kit". Smithsonian Institution. https://smithsonianchips.si.edu/texas/t_129.htm. 
  19. ↑ Allied Industrial Electronics Catalog #660. Chicago, Illinois: Allied Electronics. 1966. p. 35. 
  20. ↑ The Engineering Staff, Texas Instruments (1973). The TTL Data Book for Design Engineers (1st ed.). Dallas, Texas. 
  21. ↑ Mullard FJH 101 Data Sheet, from the Mullard FJ Family TTL Integrated Circuits 1970 databook, retrieved from http://www.datasheetarchive.com/preview/437512.html may 16, 2008
  22. ↑ BiCMOS Bus Interface Logic. Texas Instruments. 1989. http://www.bitsavers.org/components/ti/_dataBooks/1989_TI_BiCMOS_Bus_Interface_Logic_Data_Book.pdf. 
  23. ↑ "SN64BCTxxx". Texas Instruments. https://www.ti.com/logic-voltage-translation/products.html#1192=-40%3B85&1498=Catalog&1512=BCT&sort=-1;asc&. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 The TTL Data Book for Design Engineers, 2nd Edition. Texas Instruments. 1981. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_tidataBookesignEngineers2ed1981_29954976. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 The TTL Data Book Volume 2. Texas Instruments. 1985. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_tidataBookVol2_45945352. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 Eberhard Kühn (1986) (in de). Handbuch TTL- und CMOS-Schaltkreise. Berlin: Verlag Technik. OCLC 876464464. 
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  28. ↑ FAST - Fairchild Advanced Schottky TTL. Fairchild. 1980. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_fairchilddldFASTDataBook_10052460. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 The TTL Data Book Volume 3. Texas Instruments. 1984. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_tidataBookVol3_25840031. 
  30. ↑ CMOS Integrated Circuits. National Semiconductor. 1975. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_nationaldaCMOSIntegratedCircuits_16413029. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 MM54HC/74HC High Speed microCMOS Logic Family Databook. National Semiconductor. 1983. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_nationalda74HCDatabook_36362852. 
  32. ↑ "74VHCU04". STMicroelectronics. 2004. https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/74vhcu04.pdf. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.9 Low-Voltage Logic. Texas Instruments. 1996. https://www.bitsavers.org/components/ti/_dataBooks/1996_TI_Low-Voltage_Logic_Data_Book.pdf. 
  34. ↑ "74LCXU04". STMicroelectronics. 2006. https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/389/CD00002106-96321.pdf. 
  35. ↑ "74LVXU04". STMicroelectronics. 2004. https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/74lvxu04.pdf. 
  36. ↑ "74AHCU04". Diodes Inc.. 2013. https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHCU04.pdf. 
  37. ↑ "SN74AUCU04 Hex Inverter". Texas Instruments. 2003. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74AUCU04. 
  38. ↑ "High-speed CMOS HC(T)". Nexperia. https://www.nexperia.com/products/analog-logic-ics/logic/family/HC-T/. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 High Performance CMOS Logic Data Book. Samsung. 1988. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_samsungdatghPerformanceCMOSLogicDataBook_50512171. 
  40. ↑ "Reduce Noise and Save Power with the New HCS Logic Family". April 2020. https://www.ti.com/lit/an/scea069a/scea069a.pdf. 
  41. ↑ "SN74HCS00 Quadruple 2-Input Positive-NAND Gate with Schmitt-Trigger Inputs". Texas Instruments. 2021. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74HCS00. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Advanced High-speed CMOS AHC(T)". Nexperia. https://www.nexperia.com/products/analog-logic-ics/logic/family/AHC-T/. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 AHC/AHCT, HC/HCT, and LV CMOS Logic. Texas Instruments. 1996. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_tidataBookCTHCHCTandLVCMOSLogicDataBook_71546580. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 High Performance CMOS Data Book. IDT. 1986. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_idtdataBoomanceCMOSDataBook_52220630. 
  45. ↑ "74VHC00 Quad 2-Input NAND Gate". Fairchild. 2005. https://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/50632/FAIRCHILD/74VHC00.html. 
  46. ↑ "Very High-speed CMOS VHC(T)". Nexperia. https://www.nexperia.com/products/analog-logic-ics/logic/family/VHC-T/. 
  47. ↑ "74VHC00 * 74VHCT00 Quad 2-Input NAND Gate". National Semiconductor. 1995. https://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/nationalsemiconductor/DS011504.PDF. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 Low Voltage Databook. National Semiconductor. 1992. http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/components/national/_dataBooks/1992_400038_National_Low_Voltage_Databook.pdf. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Fairchild Advanced CMOS Technology Logic Data Book. Fairchild. 1985. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_fairchilddldFACTLogicDataBook_6143977. 
  50. ↑ C2MOS Logic TC74AC/ACT Series TC74HC/HCT Series. Toshiba. 1990. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_toshibadatMOSLogic_71343239. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 "74ACQ245 • 74ACTQ245 Quiet SeriesTM Octal Bidirectional Transceiver with 3-STATE Inputs/Outputs". Fairchild. 1999. https://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/fairchild/74ACQ245.pdf. 
  52. ↑ "74ACTQ00 Quiet SeriesTM Quad 2-Input NAND Gate". Fairchild. 1999. https://z3d9b7u8.stackpathcdn.com/pdf-down/7/4/A/74ACTQ00_FairchildSemiconductor.pdf. 
  53. ↑ ABT MULTIBYTETM Advanced BiCMOS Bus Interface Logic. Signetics. 1991. http://bitsavers.org/components/signetics/_dataBooks/1991_Signetics_IC23_ABT_MULTIBYTE_Advanced_BiCMOS_Bus_Interface_Logic.pdf. 
  54. ↑ "74ABT00". Nexperia. 2020. https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/data-sheet/74ABT00.pdf. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "Logic Master Table LVCE Family". Diodes Inc.. 18 August 2022. https://www.diodes.com/products/logic-and-voltage-translation/logic/logic-master-table/#collection-9700=~(Family~(~'LVCE)). 
  56. ↑ "SN54LVTZ244, SN74LVTZ244 3.3-V ABT Octal Buffers/Drivers With 3-State Outputs". Texas Instruments. 1995. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74LVTZ244. 
  57. ↑ "SN74LVCZ245A Octal bus transceiver with 3-state outputs". Texas Instruments. 2003. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74LVCZ245A. 
  58. ↑ "74LCXZ16245 Low Voltage 16-Bit Bidirectional Transceiver with 5V Tolerant Inputs and Outputs". Fairchild. https://www.onsemi.com/download/data-sheet/pdf/74lcxz16245-d.pdf. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 LVT-to-LVTH Conversion. Texas Instruments. 1999. https://www.ti.com/lit/an/scea010/scea010.pdf. 
  60. ↑ "74LVT00". Philips. 1996. https://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/15813/PHILIPS/74LVT00.html. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 CBT (5-V) and CBTLV (3.3-V) Bus Switches. Texas Instruments. 1998. https://archive.org/details/texasinstruments_scdd001b. 
  62. ↑ "SN74AVCH8T245 8-Bit Dual-Supply Bus Transceiver With Configurable Level-Shifting, Voltage Translation, and 3-State Outputs". Texas Instruments. 2016. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/sn74avch8t245. 
  63. ↑ "SN54ALVTH16245, SN74ALVTH16245 2.5-V/3.3-V 16-Bit Bus Transceivers With 3-State Outputs". Texas Instruments. 2002. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74ALVTH16245. 
  64. ↑ "74LCXH16244 - Low Voltage 16-Bit Buffer/Line Driver with Bushold". Fairchild. 2005. https://www.onsemi.com/download/data-sheet/pdf/74lcxh16244-d.pdf. 
  65. ↑ "SN54ABTH245, SN74ABTH245 Octal Bus Transceivers With 3-State Outputs". Texas Instruments. 1996. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN54ABTH245. 
  66. ↑ "SN74AUCH245 Octal Bus Transceiver With 3-State Outputs". Texas Instruments. 2003. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74AUCH245. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 GTL/GTLP Logic High-Performance Backplane Drivers Data Book. Texas Instruments. 2001. https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/sced004. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 "SN74AXCH8T245 8-Bit Dual-Supply Bus Transceiver with Configurable Voltage Translation, Tri-State Outputs, and Bus-Hold Circuitry". Texas Instruments. 2019. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74AXCH8T245. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 "SN74LXCH8T245 8-bit Translating Transceiver with Configurable Level Shifting". Texas Instruments. 2021. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74LXCH8T245. 
  70. ↑ LVC and LV Low-Voltage CMOS Logic Data Book. Texas Instruments. 1998. https://archive.org/details/TexasInstrumentsLVCAndLVDataBook1998. 
  71. ↑ "74LCXR2245 Low Voltage Bidirectional Transceiver with 5V Tolerant Inputs and Outputs and 26Ω Series Resistors on Both A and B Ports". Fairchild. 2008. https://www.onsemi.com/download/data-sheet/pdf/74lcxr2245-d.pdf. 
  72. ↑ "SN54ABTR2245, SN74ABTR2245 Octal Transceivers and Line/Memory Drivers With 3-State Outputs". Texas Instruments. 1997. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74ABTR2245. 
  73. ↑ "ALVC - Advanced Low-Voltage CMOS ALVC(H)". Nexperia. https://www.nexperia.com/products/analog-logic-ics/logic/family/ALVC/. 
  74. ↑ "74ALVC00". Nexperia. 2021. https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/data-sheet/74ALVC00.pdf. 
  75. ↑ "74VCX00 - Low Voltage Quad 2-Input NAND Gate with 3.6V Tolerant Inputs and Outputs". Fairchild. 2013. https://www.onsemi.com/download/data-sheet/pdf/74vcx00-d.pdf. 
  76. ↑ CROSSVOLTTM Low Voltage Logic Series. National Semiconductor. 1994. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_nationaldaCROSSVOLTLowVoltageLogicSeriesDatabook_18426235. 
  77. ↑ "74LCX00". STMicroelectronics. 2012. https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/74lcx00.pdf. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 Low Voltage C2MOS Logic IC. Toshiba. 1994. http://www.bitsavers.org/components/toshiba/_dataBook/1994_Toshiba_Low_Voltage_CMOS_Logic.pdf. 
  79. ↑ "SN74AUP1G00 Low-Power Single 2-Input Positive-NAND Gate". Texas Instruments. 2016. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74AUP1G00. 
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 "Logic Guide". TI. https://www.ti.com/lit/sg/sdyu001ab/sdyu001ab.pdf. 
  81. ↑ "Press Room". Potato Semiconductor. http://potatosemi.com/2007/press.html. 
  82. ↑ "PO54G00A, PO74G00A". Potato Semiconductor. http://www.potatosemi.com/potatosemiweb/datasheet/PO74G00A.pdf. 
  83. ↑ "SN74AUC16245 16-Bit Bus Transceiver with 3-State Outputs". Texas Instruments. 2002. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74AUC16245. 
  84. ↑ "SN74AUC00 Quadruple 2-Input Positive-NAND Gate". Texas Instruments. 2005. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74AUC00. 
  85. ↑ "CD74FCT245 BiCMOS Octal Bus Transceiver With 3-State Outputs". Texas Instruments. 2000. https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cd74fct245.pdf. 
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 BiCMOS Bus Interface Logic. Texas Instruments. 1988. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_tidataBookerfaceLogicDataBook_4501982. 
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 1990-91 Logic Data Book. IDT. 1990. http://www.bitsavers.org/components/idt/_dataBooks/1990_IDT_Logic_Data_Book.pdf. 
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 ABT Advanced BiCMOS Technology. Texas Instruments. 1992. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_tidataBookiCMOSTechnologyDataBook_40217042. 
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 ABT Advanced BiCMOS Technology. Texas Instruments. 1994. http://www.bitsavers.org/components/ti/_dataBooks/1994_TI_ABT_ABT_Advanced_BiCMOS_Technology_Data_Book.pdf. 
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 "GTLP Signal Level Background Information". Texas Instruments. 2000. https://www.ti.com/pdfs/logic/gtlpbackgrounder.pdf. 
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 Advanced CMOS Logic Data Book. Texas Instruments. 1993. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_tidataBookLogicDataBook_55735151. 
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 High Performance Logic Data Book. IDT. 1995. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_idtdataBoomanceLogicDataBook_51362967. 
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 LPT/FCT CMOS Logic From Harris. Harris. 1997. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_harrisdataCTLogic_25505286. 
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 "SN74AVC16245 16-Bit Bus Transceiver with 3-State Outputs". Texas Instruments. 1998. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74AVC16245. 
  95. ↑ Advanced Low-Voltage Technology. Texas Instruments. 1999. https://www.ti.com/lit/an/scea015/scea015.pdf. 
  96. ↑ "ALVT - Advanced Low-Voltage BiCMOS Technology (ALVT)". Nexperia. https://www.nexperia.com/products/analog-logic-ics/logic/family/ALVT/. 
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 "74AHCV245A". Nexperia. 2016. https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/data-sheet/74AHCV245A.pdf. 
  98. ↑ "SN74AXC2T245 2-Bit Dual-Supply Bus Transceiver with Configurable Voltage Translation and Tri-State Outputs". Texas Instruments. 2020. https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/SN74AXC2T245. 
  99. ↑ "Robust Voltage Level Translation with the LXC Family". Texas Instruments. 2021. https://www.ti.com/lit/an/scea097/scea097.pdf. 
  100. ↑ Lansdale Semiconductor home page
  101. ↑ Maini, Anil (2007). Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-470-03214-5. https://archive.org/details/digitalelectroni00main_995. 
  102. ↑ Morris, Robert L.; Miller, John R. (1971). Designing with TTL Integrated Circuits. p. 15. Bibcode: 1971dwti.book.....M. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_tiTexasInsSeriesMorrisDesigningWithTTLIntegratedCi_11927910. 
  103. ↑ The Engineering Staff, Texas Instruments (1973). The TTL Data Book for Design Engineers (1st ed.). Dallas, Texas. 
  104. ↑ The Engineering Staff, National Semiconductor Corporation (1976). National Semiconductor TTL DATA BOOK. Santa Clara California. pp. 1–14. 
  105. ↑ 105.0 105.1 "Relation between names of foreign and Russian logic chips" (in ru). http://www.gaw.ru/html.cgi/txt/doc/marker/logic.htm. 
  106. ↑ 106.0 106.1 106.2 Hillebrand, Gerd (30 June 1980) (in de). Importbauelemente Integrierte Schaltungen. Information Applikation Mikroelektronik. 6. Kammer der Technik, Vorstand des Bezirksverbandes Frankfurt (Oder). http://datasheet.datasheetarchive.com/originals/scans/Scans-048/DSAGER00098.pdf. Retrieved 2 November 2016. 
  107. ↑ (in bg) Техническа информация 1985. NPSK Botevgrad. https://www.sandacite.bg/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA/. Retrieved 2017-11-11. 
  108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 Hillebrand, Gerd (12 September 1988) (in de). RGW-Typenübersicht + Vergleich — Teil 2: RGW. Information Applikation Mikroelektronik. 50. Kammer der Technik, Vorstand des Bezirksverbandes Frankfurt (Oder). http://datasheet.datasheetarchive.com/originals/scans/Scans-048/DSAGER000142.pdf. Retrieved 11 November 2017. 
  109. ↑ Digital Integrated Circuits. Bucharest: I.P.R.S. Băneasa. 1976. http://yo3kxl.netxpert.ro/docs/cataloage_IPRS/Circuite%20Integrate%20Digitale%20-%20Catalog%20IPRS.pdf. Retrieved 2019-01-18. 
  110. ↑ Full Line Condensed Catalog 1990. Bucharest: I.P.R.S. Băneasa. 1990. http://yo3kxl.netxpert.ro/docs/cataloage_IPRS/FULL_LINE_CONDENSED_CATALOG%201990%20IPRS.pdf. Retrieved 2019-01-19. 
  111. ↑ 111.0 111.1 GDR semiconductor datasheet comparison (in German).
  112. ↑ Ниссельсон, Л. И. (1989) (in ru). Цифровые и аналоговые интегральные микросхемы. Радио и связь. ISBN 5256002597. 
  113. ↑ "Активные элементы" (in ru). Музей электронных раритетов. http://www.155la3.ru/aktiv.htm. 
  114. ↑ Козак, Виктор Романович (24 May 2014). "Номенклатура и аналоги отечественных микросхем" (in ru). http://www.inp.nsk.su/~kozak/adv/advh0.htm. 
  115. ↑ "Integrované obvody" (in cs). http://www.teslakatalog.cz/io.php. 
  116. ↑ "Интегральные микросхемы" (in ru). OAO "Integral". http://www.integral.by/ru/products/integrated-circuits. 
  117. ↑ "Продукция" (in ru). OAO "NZPP-KBR" (former "Elkor"). http://www.nzpp-kbr.ru/index.php?Page=page_212. 
  118. ↑ "Каталог изделий" (in ru). OAO "VZPP-S". http://www.vzpp-s.ru/production/catalog.pdf. 
  119. ↑ "Каталог продукции" (in ru). ZAO Svetlana Semiconductors. http://svetpol.ru/produktsiya/. 
  120. ↑ "ПРОДУКЦИЯ" (in ru). AO NZPP. http://www.nzpp.ru/product/. 
  121. ↑ "Микросхемы" (in ru). AO "Voshod". http://www.voshod-krlz.ru/catalog/2. 
  122. ↑ "Интегральные микросхемы" (in ru). OAO "Exiton". https://okbexiton.ru/pr_ic.php. 
  123. ↑ "Микросхемы ПАО Микрон 2020" (in ru). Mikron. https://413100.selcdn.ru/upload-153a6b408c99eadfc8d7d3c5576481d8/iblock/05d/05d7224966d072bbbc986716f3e32ecc/katalog+VPK_2020.pdf. 
  124. ↑ "Каталог продукции" (in ru). Angstrem. 2022. https://www.angstrem.ru/pdf/2022/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%20%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%C2%BB,%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%202022.pdf. 

Further reading

Books
  • 50 Circuits Using 7400 Series IC's; 1st Ed; R.N. Soar; Bernard Babani Publishing; 76 pages; 1979; ISBN:0900162775. (archive)
  • TTL Cookbook; 1st Ed; Don Lancaster; Sams Publishing; 412 pages; 1974; ISBN:978-0672210358. (archive)
  • Designing with TTL Integrated Circuits; 1st Ed; Robert Morris, John Miller; Texas Instruments and McGraw-Hill; 322 pages; 1971; ISBN:978-0070637450. (archive)
App Notes
Fairchild Semiconductor / ON Semiconductor
Nexperia / NXP Semiconductor
Texas Instruments / National Semiconductor
Toshiba

External links



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