Forty-and-eights

Forty-and-Eights
"Forty and Eight" boxcar at the National Museum of the Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Capacity	40 men or 8 horses or 20 tonnes (19.7 long tons; 22.0 short tons) of supplies
Operator(s)	French Army and Wehrmacht
Specifications
Weight	7.9 tonnes (7.8 long tons; 8.7 short tons) tare
Braking system(s)	Air
Coupling system	Buffers and chain
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)

Forty-and-Eight boxcars (French: Quarante et huit), commonly referred to as Forty-and-Eights, were types of France boxcars (voiture) used by the French Army and Wehrmacht. Doughboys were transported to the Western Front in the boxcars marked with "40-8" to denote their capacity: 40 men or 8 horses.

History

British soldiers in a forty-and-eight in France, 1939

Introduced in the 1870s, the boxcars were pressed into military service by the French Army in both world wars. Between 1940 and 1944 occupying German forces used forty-and-eights to transport troops, POWs, horses, freight, and civilian prisoners to concentration camps. Following the Allied landing at Normandy in June, 1944, the Germans were pushed eastward towards the Rhine. Trains of forty-and-eights were frequent targets of opportunity for Allied fighter-bombers, with carloads of prisoners occasionally being victimized. As France was liberated forty-and-eights were used to transport Allied soldiers and materials to the shifting front through War's end in 1945.

Merci Train boxcars

In 1949, France sent 49 forty-and-eights to the United States laden with donations from citizens of France in thanks for the U.S.' role in the liberation of France, one for each of the then forty-eight states and one for Washington, D.C., and Hawaii to share. Called the Merci Train, it was sent in response to the Friendship Train America had created two years earlier to aid France in the dire immediate aftermath of World War II; 700 boxcars worth of donated supplies were collected across the U.S. and shipped across the Atlantic via donated transport.

External links

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