In telecommunication, ground constants are the electrical parameters of earth: electrical conductivity, σ, electrical permittivity, ε, and magnetic permeability, μ. The values of these parameters vary with the local chemical composition and density of the Earth. For a propagating electromagnetic wave, such as a surface wave propagating along the surface of the Earth, these parameters vary with frequency and direction.
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground constants.
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