Hannover CL.III

CL.III
	A German Hannover CL.III shot down by American machine gunners in the First World War.
General information
National origin	Germany
Manufacturer	Hannoversche Waggonfabrik
Designer	Hermann Dorner
Management and usage	Luftstreitkräfte
Number built	617
History
First flight	1917
Developed from	Hannover CL.II

The Hannover CL.III was a two-seat, single-bay biplane built by the Hannoversche Waggonfabrik during the First World War for the Imperial German Army's (Deutsches Heer) Imperial German Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte). It was a multi-role aircraft derived from the CL.II, used to escort reconnaissance aircraft and as a ground-attack machine. It entered service early in 1918.

Development

The CL.III (factory designation Typ 3b) was derived from the CL.II; its airframe was lightened and strengthened to improve performance and it was designed to use the water-cooled 160-horsepower (120 kW) Mercedes D.III straight-six engine rather than the 180-horsepower (130 kW) Argus As.III engine even though most D.III engines were reserved for fighters. In the event most aircraft used the readily available As.III engines. The Argus-engined variant was designated CL.IIIa. The aircraft had redesigned ailerons with aerodynamic balances that overhung the wingtips, a modification that provided greater manoeuvrability, especially at the low levels that it was expected to be operating at in its new ground-attack role as the Schutzstaffeln (escort squadrons) were reassigned as Schlachtstaffeln (battle squadrons). Like the other Hannover "light-C-class", or "CL" designated aircraft designed by Hermann Dorner, it included an unusual tail structure, with two horizontal stabilizers which allowed a wider field of fire for the observer.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The CL.IIIb was an experimental aircraft that that was used to evaluate the 190-horsepower (140 kW) NAG C.III engine. After the war, a single CL.III was developed into the HaWa F.3, a limousine aircraft with seats for two passengers in an enclosed cabin where the gunner's cockpit had been.^[4]

Variants

Hannover CL.III: Powered by a Mercedes D.III engine.
Hannover CL.IIIa: CL III powered by an Argus As.III engine
Hannover CL.IIIc: Experimental model of the CL.III, with a two-bay wing.
HaWa F.3: A post-war limousine conversion of CL.III aircraft, with a 2-seat limousine cabin behind the pilot's cockpit.

Operators

German Empire

Luftstreitkräfte

Latvia (Postwar)

Latvian Air Force – 2 CL.IIIa^[5]

Poland

Polish Air Force – 1 CL.IIIa (1919-1920)^[6]

Soviet Union

Soviet Air Force

Specifications (CL.IIIa)

Data from Hannover CL.III;^[7] Hannover Aircraft of WWI: A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes.^[8]

General characteristics

Crew: 2
Length: 7.58 m (24 ft 10 in)
Upper wingspan: 11.7 m (38 ft 5 in)
Lower wingspan: 11.02 m (36 ft 2 in)
Height: 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 32.7 m² (352 sq ft)
Empty weight: 760 kg (1,676 lb)
Gross weight: 1,120 kg (2,469 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Argus As III water-cooled straight-six piston engine, 130 kW (180 hp) (CL.IIIa)

or 1x 160 hp (120 kW) Mercedes D.III (CL.III)

Performance

Maximum speed: 165 km/h (103 mph, 89 kn)
Time to altitude: 3.2 minutes to 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
7.1 minutes to 2,000 m (6,600 ft)

Armament

Guns: 2 × 7.92 mm (0.323 in); one synchronized LMG 08/15 machine gun firing forward, single ring-mounted Parabellum MG 14 in observer's cockpit
Bombs: 4 × small bombs

References

↑ Gray & Thetford, pp. 150–152
↑ Grosz, pp. 3-4
↑ Owers & Herris, pp. 60–61
↑ Owers & Herris, pp. 64, 144
↑ Owers & Herris, p. 152
↑ Morgała, Andrzej (1997). Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1918-1924. Warsaw: Lampart. pp. 81. ISBN 83-86776-34-X.
↑ Grosz, p. 32
↑ Owers & Herris, pp. 62–64

Bibliography

German Aircraft of the First World War (2nd ed.). London: Putnam. 1987. ISBN 0-85177-809-7.
Grosz, Peter M. (1990). Hannover CL.III. Windsock Datafile. 23. Berkhampstead, UK: Albatros Publications. ISBN 0-948414-27-8.
Klaauw, Bart van der (March–April 1999). "Unexpected Windfalls: Accidentally or Deliberately, More than 100 Aircraft 'Arrived' in Dutch Territory during the Great War". Air Enthusiast (80): 54–59. ISSN 0143-5450.
Owers, Colin A.; Herris, Jack (2020). Hannover Aircraft of WWI: A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes. Great War Aviation Centennial Series. 43. n.p.: Aeronaut Books. ISBN 978-1-935881-84-1.

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[1] Gray & Thetford, pp. 150–152

[2] Grosz, pp. 3-4

[3] Owers & Herris, pp. 60–61

[4] Owers & Herris, pp. 64, 144

[5] Owers & Herris, p. 152

[6] Morgała, Andrzej (1997). Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1918-1924. Warsaw: Lampart. pp. 81. ISBN 83-86776-34-X.

[7] Grosz, p. 32

[8] Owers & Herris, pp. 62–64

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v t e World War I aircraft of the Central Powers
Fighters	AEG D.I AEG Dr.I Albatros D.I Albatros D.II Albatros D.III Albatros D.V Aviatik D.I Aviatik C.VI Daimler L.6 Euler D.I Euler D.II Fokker D.I Fokker D.II Fokker D.III Fokker D.IV Fokker D.V Fokker D.VI Fokker D.VII Fokker D.VIII Fokker Dr.I Fokker E.I Fokker E.II Fokker E.III Fokker E.IV Fokker E.V Halberstadt D.II Hannover CL.II Hannover CL.III Hannover CL.IV Hannover CL.V Hansa-Brandenburg W.12 Hansa-Brandenburg W.29 Junkers D.I Kondor D.6 Kondor E.III Naglo D.II Pfalz D.III Pfalz D.XII Pfalz Dr.I Pfalz E.I Pfalz E.II Phönix D.I LFG Roland D.II LFG Roland D.VI Siemens-Schuckert D.I Siemens-Schuckert D.II Siemens-Schuckert D.III Siemens-Schuckert D.IV Zeppelin-Lindau D.I
Bombers and ground attack	AEG DJ.I AEG G.I AEG G.II AEG G.III AEG G.IV AEG G.V AEG J.I AEG J.II AEG R.I Friedrichshafen G.II Friedrichshafen G.III Gotha G.I Gotha G.II Gotha G.III Gotha G.IV Gotha G.V Gotha GL.VII Gotha G.IX Hannover CL.II Junkers CL.I Junkers J.I Rumpler G.I Rumpler G.II Rumpler G.III Siemens-Schuckert L.I Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.II Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.III Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI
Reconnaissance	AEG B.I AEG B.II AEG B.III AEG C.I AEG C.II AEG C.III AEG C.IV AEG C.V AEG C.VI AEG C.VII AEG C.VIII AGO C.I AGO C.II AGO C.III AGO C.IV AGO C.VII AGO C.VIII Albatros B.I Albatros B.II Albatros C.I Albatros C.III Albatros C.V Albatros C.VII Albatros C.IX Albatros C.X Albatros C.XII Aviatik B.I Aviatik B.II Aviatik C.I Aviatik C.VI DFW C.V LFG Roland C.II LVG B.I LVG C.II Rumpler C.I Rumpler C.IV Rumpler Taube
Trainers	Euler D.I
Prototypes	Albatros C.II Fokker V.1 Fokker V.2 Junkers J 1 Junkers J 2 Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I