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List of firearms before the 20th century

Topic: Engineering

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 7 min
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This is an extensive list of antique guns made before the year 1901 and including the first functioning firearms ever invented. The list is not comprehensive; create an entry for listings having none; multiple names are acceptable as cross-references, so that redirecting hyperlinks can be established for them.

A

  • Abus gun (Ottomans – howitzer)
  • Agar machine gun (US – machine gun – 1861)
  • Allen & Thurber Single-Shot (US – pistol – 1848)
  • Allen & Wheelock Drop Breech (US – rifle – 1860)
  • Apache revolver (Belgium – revolver – c.1869)
  • Arisaka Type 30 rifle (Empire of Japan – rifle – 1897/1899)
  • Arquebus (Dutch – 15th century)
  • Augustin Infantry Musket Model 1842 (Austrian Empire – rifle – 1842)

B

C

D

  • Derringer (USA - small handgun)
    • Philadelphia Deringer: 1852
    • Colt Deringer: 1861
    • Sharps Deringer: 1859
    • Remington Deringer (Model 95): 1866
  • Dreyse Model 1841 "Needle Gun" (Kingdom of Prussia – rifle – 1841)

E

  • Enfield Revolver (UK – revolver – 1880)
  • Evans Repeating Rifle (US – rifle – 1879-2001

F

  • Ferguson rifle (British breech-loading rifle - patented December of 1776)
  • Fayetteville rifle (CSA – rifle – 1862)
  • Frank Wesson Rifles (USA – rifle – 1858/1861)
  • Fusil modèle 1866 "Chassepot" (France – rifle – 1866)
  • Fusil Gras mle 1874 (France – rifle – 1874)

G

  • Gallager carbine (USA – rifle – 1861)
  • Gatling Model 1861 (USA – machine gun – 1862)
  • Gewehr 1888 / Model 1888 commission rifle (German Empire – rifle – 1888)
  • Gorgas machine gun
  • Guycot pistol
  • Guycot rifle

H

  • Harpers Ferry Armory
    • Harpers Ferry Model 1803 (USA – rifle – 1803)
    • Harpers Ferry Model 1805 (USA – flintlock pistol – 1805)
    • Harpers Ferry Model 1816 (USA – rifle – 1816)
    • Harpers Ferry Model 1819 "Hall Rifle" (USA – rifle – c.1820)
    • Harpers Ferry Model 1841 "Mississippi Rifle" (USA – rifle – 1841)
    • Harpers Ferry Model 1855 (USA – rifle – 1857)
  • Heilongjiang hand cannon (China – hand cannon – c. 1288; oldest known surviving firearm)[1]
  • Henry Repeating Rifle (US – rifle – 1850s-1866)
  • Huochong (China – hand cannon – 13th century)
  • Hinawaju (Japan – arquebus and pistol – 16th century?)


I

  • Istinggar (Nusantara – arquebus – 16th century)

J

K

L

  • Lancaster pistol (UK – multi-barrel pistol – c. 1860)
  • Lebel 1886 (France – rifle – 1886)
  • Lee-Metford – MLM (UK – rifle – 1884)
  • Lee-Enfield - MLE (UK – rifle – 1895)
  • Lefaucheux M1854 (France – revolver – 1854)
  • Lefaucheux M1858 (France – revolver – 1858)
  • Lefaucheux-Francotte M. 71 (Belgium – revolver – 1871)
  • LeMat Revolver (France/CSA – revolver – 1856)
  • Lorenz rifle (Austrian Empire – rifle – 1855)

M

  • M1867 Werndl–Holub rifle (Austria-Hungary – rifle – 1867)
  • M1870 Gasser (Austria-Hungary – revolver – 1870)
  • M1871 Beaumont (Netherlands – rifle – 1869/1871)
  • M1879 Reichsrevolver (German Empire – revolver – 1879)
  • M1882 Revolver (Switzerland – revolver – 1882)
  • M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun "Potato Digger" (USA – heavy machine gun – c.1895)
  • M1895 Lee Navy (USA – rifle, bolt-action – 1895)
  • Mannlicher
    • Mannlicher M1886 (Austria-Hungary – rifle – 1886)
    • Mannlicher M1888 (Austria-Hungary – rifle – 1888)
    • Mannlicher M1890 carbine (Austria-Hungary – 1891)
    • Mannlicher M1894 (German Empire – pistol – 1894)
    • Mannlicher M1895 (Austria-Hungary – rifle – 1895)
  • Marlin Model 1894 (USA – rifle – 1894)
  • Mars Automatic Pistol (United Kingdom – pistol – 1897)
  • Martini–Henry Mark I, II, III, and IV (United Kingdom – rifle – 1871)
  • Massachusetts Arms Maynard Carbine (USA – rifle – 1851)
  • Mauser
    • Gewehr 71 (German Empire – rifle – 1871)
    • Gewehr 98 (German Empire – rifle – 1898)
    • Mauser C78 "zig-zag" (German Empire – revolver – 1878)
    • Mauser C96 (German Empire – pistol – 1896)
  • Maxim Gun (United Kingdom – machine gun – 1883)
  • Merrill carbine (USA – rifle – 1858/1863)
  • Merwin & Hulbert revolvers (USA – revolver – 1876)
  • Mitrailleuse (France – volley/machine gun – 1851)
  • Model 1814 common rifle (USA – rifle – c. 1814)
  • Model 1817 common rifle "Deringer" (USA – rifle – 1817)
  • Model 1872 Revolver / Ordonnanzrevolver 1872 (Switzerland – revolver – c. 1872)
  • Modèle 1873 revolver "Chamelot-Delvigne" (France – revolver – 1873)
  • Modèle 1892 revolver "Lebel" (France – revolver – 1892)
  • Morse gun (CSA – machine gun – )[2]
  • Mosin–Nagant (Russian Empire – rifle – 1891)
  • Murata rifle (Empire of Japan – rifle – 1880)

N

  • Nagant M1895 (Belgium/Russian Empire – revolver – 1895)
  • Nordenfelt gun (Sweden – machine gun)

O

  • Ōdzutsu (Japan - hand cannon - 15th century)

P

  • Palmer Model 1865 (USA – rifle – 1865)
  • Pattern 1853 Enfield (UK – rifle – 1853)
  • Pattern 1861 Enfield musketoon (UK – rifle – 1861)
  • Pattern 1800 Infantry Rifle (UK – muzzleloading rifle – 1800)
  • Petronel (arquebus – 16th century)
  • Potzdam Muskets (Kingdom of Prussia – rifle – 1723)

R

S

  • Savage 1861 Navy (USA – rifle – 1861)
  • Salvator-Dormus M1893 (Austria-Hungary – heavy machine gun – 8×50mmR)
  • Salvator Dormus pistol (Austria-Hungary – pistol –1891/1895)
  • San Yan Chong (China – hand cannon – 16th century)
  • Slocum revolver (US – revolver – 1863/1865)
  • Schmidt M1882 (Switzerland – revolver)
  • Schmidt–Rubin rifles (Switzerland – rifle – 1889/1896)
  • Schwarzlose Model 1898 (German Empire – semi-automatic pistol – 1898)
  • Sharps Rifle (US – rifle – 1848)
  • Sharps & Hankins Model 1862 carbine (US – rifle – 1862)
  • Schwarzlose Model 1898 (Austria-Hungary – pistol – 1898)
  • Schönberger-Laumann (Austria-Hungary – pistol – 1892)
  • Smith & Wesson
  • Smith carbine (USA – rifle – 1857)
  • Spencer 1882 (US - shotgun - 1882)
  • Spencer Rifle (US – rifle – 1860)
  • Springfield Armory
    • Springfield Model 1795 Musket (US – rifle – 1795)
    • Springfield Model 1816 (US – rifle – 1816)
    • Springfield Model 1842 (US – rifle – 1844)
    • Springfield Model 1855 (US – rifle – 1855)
    • Springfield Model 1861 (US – rifle – 1861)
    • Springfield Model 1863 (US – rifle – 1863)
    • Springfield Model 1865 (US – rifle – 1865)
    • Springfield Model 1866 (US – rifle – 1866)
    • Springfield Model 1868 (US – rifle – 1868)
    • Springfield Model 1871 (US – rifle – 1871)
    • Springfield Model 1873 (US – rifle – 1873)
  • Starr revolver (US – revolver – c. 1858)

T

  • Tarpley carbine (CSA – rifle – 1863)
  • Tranter revolver (USA – revolver – c. 1854)
  • Type 26 revolver (Empire of Japan – revolver – 1893)

V

  • Velo-dog (France – revolver – 1894)
  • Vetterli rifle - (Switzerland – rifle – 1867/1869)
  • Volcanic Repeating Arms (US – rifle & pistol – 1855–56)

W

X

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Was designed by American Hiram Berdan. The first version, manufactured by Colt in the US, is known as model 1868, or Berdan I. The second version/Berdan II was initially produced at Birmingham Small Arms in England. The rifles were later manufactured in large numbers by Russian factories at Tula, Izhevsk, and Sestroretsk.
  2. ↑ This revolver was primarily manufactured by Eli Whitney, Jr. at Whitneyville, Connecticut and not Samuel Colt's Patent Arms Company in Paterson, New Jersey.
  3. ↑ Mark I to IV, with Mark V adopted in 1913 and the special Webley Mk IV .38/200 Service Revolver designed/adopted in 1932.

References

  1. ↑ Chase, Kenneth Warren (2003). Firearms: a global history to 1700. Cambridge New York: Cambridge university press. pp. 32. ISBN 978-0-521-82274-9. 
  2. ↑ "Unique British Crankfire .58 Morse Manual Machine Gun - Forgotten Weapons". https://www.forgottenweapons.com/unique-british-crankfire-58-morse-manual-machine-gun/. 

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