List of ironclads

Short description: None

The list of ironclads includes all steam-propelled warship (supplemented with sails in various cases) and protected by iron or steel armor plates that were built in the early part of the second half of the 19th century, between 1859 and the early 1890s. The list is arranged alphabetically by country. The initial dates of the boats correspond to the launch time, followed by a separation that indicates their retirement or final date.

The list includes ironclads of two different categories or roles, oceanic and coastal (the latter may be floating batteries, monitors and coastal defence ships). The various ironclads design such as the ram, broadside, central battery (or casemate), turret and barbette will be mentioned.^{[upper-alpha 1]} Some of these ocean ironclads can be classified as armored frigates, armored corvettes, or others based on their displacement. Wooden hull ships that have been subsequently armored will also be considered in this list.

Although the introduction of the ironclad is clear-cut, the boundary between 'ironclad' and the later 'pre-dreadnought battleship' is less obvious, as the characteristics of the pre-dreadnought evolved from 1875 to 1895. For the sake of this article, a line is drawn around 1890, differing from country to country.

Americas

Argentina

The Argentine *Almirante Brown* (1880) was the first ironclad built entirely of steel (until then it was made of iron).^[1]

Monitors

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- missing name (1874) - retired in 1927
- missing name (1875) - retired in 1928

Central battery ironclad

missing name (1880) - retired in 1932

Coastal defence ships

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- missing name (1891) - retired in 1946
- missing name (1892) - retired in 1946

Brazil

Central battery ironclads (or casemate)

missing name (1864) - retired in 1879
missing name (1865) - retired in 1879
missing name (1865) - retired in 1882
missing name (1866) - sunk by floating mines ('torpedoes') in the River Paraguay in 1866, during Paraguayan War
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- missing name (1865) - stricken in 1897
- missing name (1865) - stricken in 1885
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- missing name (1866) - stricken in 1885
- missing name (1866) - stricken in 1885
missing name (1874) - sunk after fire, during Fleet Revolt of 1893–94

Monitors

missing name (1865) - struck in 1894
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- missing name (1867) - discarded in 1884
- missing name (1867) - scrapped in 1907
- missing name (1867) - scrapped in 1900
- missing name (1868) - scrapped in 1893
- missing name (1868) - scrapped in 1884
- missing name (1868) - sank in 1882 at her moorings due to the poor condition of her hull
Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
- missing name (1874) - sunk in Battle on 22 November 1893, during Fleet Revolt of 1893–94
- missing name (1875) - it was wrecked in 1892 near the Cabo Polonio lighthouse in Uruguay

Ironclads turret ship

missing name (1865) - struck in 1894
missing name (1865) - struck in 1880
missing name (1883) - retired in 1910
missing name (1885) - sank after an explosion during a routine cruise in 1906

Chile

Central battery armored frigates

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- missing name (1874) - alienated in 1933
- missing name (1875) - sunk in 1891 in the Battle of Caldera Bay, during Chilean Civil War of 1891

Ironclad turret ship

missing name* (1865, ex Peruvian ship) - captured in the Battle of Angamos in 1879 during War of the Pacific, retired in 1896 and turned into a historical relic in 1934

Haiti

Casemate ironclad

Triumph (1861, ex British merchant Fingal and then missing name) - lost at sea in 1869 shortly after the purchase

Peru

Monitors

missing name (1864) - unknown ending
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- Atahualpa (1864, ex missing name) - acquired in 1868 and sunk in the Blockade of Callao in 1881, during War of the Pacific
- Manco Cápac (1864, ex missing name) - acquired in 1868 and sunk in the Battle of Arica in 1880, during War of the Pacific

Broadside armored frigate

missing name (1865) - ran aground in the Battle of Punta Gruesa in 1879, during War of the Pacific

Ironclad turret ship

Huáscar* (1865) - captured by the Chileans at the Battle of Angamos in 1879, during War of the Pacific

Casemate ironclad

missing name (1854/1865)^{[upper-alpha 2]} - sunk in the Blockade of Callao in 1881, during War of the Pacific

United States

Asia

China

Coastal defence ships

missing name (after 1875) - unknown
missing name (1890) - captured by the Japanese in 1895 after Battle of Weihaiwei, during First Sino-Japanese War

Ironclads turret ship

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- missing name (1881) - sunk in 1895 in the Battle of Weihaiwei, during First Sino-Japanese War
- missing name (1882) - captured by the Japanese in 1895 after the Battle of Weihaiwei, during First Sino-Japanese War

Japan

Ironclad ram

Kōtetsu* (1864, as CSS Stonewall) - acquired from the United States in 1869 and retired in 1888

Armoured corvettes

missing name (1869) - retired in 1906
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- missing name (1877) - retired in 1909
- missing name (1877) - retired in 1911

Central battery ironclad

missing name (1877) - sold for scrap in 1909

Ironclad turret ship

missing name (1882, ex Chinese ship Zhenyuan) - captured in 1895 during First Sino-Japanese War and retired in 1911

Coastal defence ship

missing name (1890, ex Chinese ship Pingyuan) - captured in 1895 during First Sino-Japanese War and sunk by adverse weather causes during Russo-Japanese War

Ottoman Empire

Siam

Floating battery

Siam Mongkut (1870) - probably discarded 1912

Europe

Austria-Hungary

Denmark

Broadside armored frigates

missing name (1864) - scrapped 1907
missing name (1850/1864)^{[upper-alpha 3]} - retired in 1897
missing name (1864) - scrapped 1897

Ironclad turret ship

missing name (1863) - scrapped 1907

Ironclad ram

Stærkodder (1864, as CSS Stonewall) - the Danish purchase in 1864 of this ship failed and ended up being sold to Japan in 1867 and renamed missing name*

Monitors

missing name (1868) - retired in 1907
missing name (1870) - retired in 1912

Casemate ironclad

missing name (1872) - retired in 1912

Barbette ironclads

missing name (1878) - retired in 1907
missing name (1880) - retired in 1908
missing name (1886) - retired in 1919

France

Germany

Greece

Central battery armored corvette

missing name (1867) - scrapped in 1915

Broadside armored corvette

missing name (1869) - scrapped in 1925

Barbette ironclads

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- missing name (1889) - retired in 1919
- missing name (1889) - retired in 1929
- missing name (1890) - sold for scrap in 1932

Italy

Netherlands

Casemate ironclad

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Ironclads turret ship

Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1866) - scrapped after 1905
Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1874) - scuttled in 1942, during World War II

Monitors

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- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - retired in 1973 and converted into a museum ship in 1974
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1870) - sold for scrap in 1897
Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - converted into a museum ship in 1982
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - struck in 1908
Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - sold for scrapping in 1910
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - unknown
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - unknown
Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1869) - unknown
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1869) - unknown
Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1870) - unknown
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1870) - unknown
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1871) - unknown
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1871) - unknown
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1871) - unknown
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1876) - unknown
Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1877) - unknown
Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1878) - unknown
Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1891) - unknown

Norway

Monitors

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- missing name (1866) - scrapped in 1908
- missing name (1869) - scrapped in 1918
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- missing name (1868) - scrapped in 1909
missing name (1872) - wrecked in 1919

Portugal

Central battery ironclad

missing name (1876) - broken up in 1935

Russia

Spain

Broadside armored frigates

missing name (1863) - sunk by accident or sabotage in the siege of Cartagena in 1873, during Cantonal rebellion
missing name (1863) - retired in 1912
missing name (1864) - scrapped in 1883
missing name (1865) - retired in 1911

Central battery armored frigates

missing name (1867) - stricken in 1896
missing name (1869) - retired in 1896
missing name (1861/1870)^{[upper-alpha 5]} - scrapped in 1896

Floating battery

missing name (1874) - retired in 1900

Monitor

missing name (1874) - retired in 1900

Barbette ironclad

missing name (1887) - scrapped in 1925

Sweden

The Swedish *John Ericsson* (1865), part of a class of five monitors, was designed under the supervision of the Swedish-born inventor, John Ericsson, and built in Sweden.

Monitors

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- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1865) - sold in 1919
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1865) - sold in 1922
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1866) - sold for scrap in 1922
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1869) - scrapped in 1908
Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1867) - sold for scrap in 1893
Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - sunk as a target in 1907
Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1872) - retired in 1903
Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1872) - sold in 1919
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1872) - retired in 1919
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1873) - sold in 1919
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1874) - sold in 1919
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1874) - sold in 1919
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1875) - sold in 1919
- Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1875) - decommissioned in 1919

Coastal defence ships

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- missing name (1885) - retired in 1941
- missing name (1889) - retired in 1923
- missing name (1893) - retired in 1923

United Kingdom

Notes

↑ These designs are for oceanic ironclads, although there were also coastal ironclads that used ram, casemate, turret and barbette.
↑ Built in 1854 as a wooden steamship and converted to a casemate ironclad in 1865.^[3]
↑ Originally it was a 70-gun ship that became an armored frigate between 1862 and 1864.^[4]
↑ It was converted into a casemate ironclad between 1961 and 1863.
↑ It was a steam frigate called Resolución that in 1870 ended up being converted into an armored frigate of the central battery, adopting the new name of Méndez Núñez.

References

↑ Rodríguez, Horacio (1995) (in es). Las fuerzas navales argentinas: historia de la flota de mar. Instituto Browniano. p. 140.
↑ Scheina, Robert L. (1987). Latin America: A Naval History, 1810–1987. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 64. ISBN 0-87021-295-8.
↑ López Martínez, Héctor (1972) (in es). Historia maritima del Peru: La república, 1876-1879. Comisión para Escribir la Historia Marítima del Perú, Editorial Ausonis. p. 262.
↑ Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. p. 55. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
↑ Sondhaus, Lawrence (1958). Navies in Modern World History. London: Reaktions book ltd. p. 142.

Bibliography

Gardiner, Robert, ed (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5. https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2.

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of ironclads. Read more

[1] These designs are for oceanic ironclads, although there were also coastal ironclads that used ram, casemate, turret and barbette.

[5] Built in 1854 as a wooden steamship and converted to a casemate ironclad in 1865.^[3]

[7] Originally it was a 70-gun ship that became an armored frigate between 1862 and 1864.^[4]

[8] It was converted into a casemate ironclad between 1961 and 1863.

[10] It was a steam frigate called Resolución that in 1870 ended up being converted into an armored frigate of the central battery, adopting the new name of Méndez Núñez.

[2] Rodríguez, Horacio (1995) (in es). Las fuerzas navales argentinas: historia de la flota de mar. Instituto Browniano. p. 140.

[3] Scheina, Robert L. (1987). Latin America: A Naval History, 1810–1987. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 64. ISBN 0-87021-295-8.

[4] López Martínez, Héctor (1972) (in es). Historia maritima del Peru: La república, 1876-1879. Comisión para Escribir la Historia Marítima del Perú, Editorial Ausonis. p. 262.

[6] Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. p. 55. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.

[9] Sondhaus, Lawrence (1958). Navies in Modern World History. London: Reaktions book ltd. p. 142.

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