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List of spacecraft with electric propulsion

Topic: Engineering

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 14 min
Short description: none

In chronological order, spacecraft are listed equipped with electric space propulsion. This includes both cruise engines and/or thrusters for attitude and orbit control. It is not specified whether the given engine is the sole means of propulsion or whether other types of engine are also used on a spacecraft. The list does not claim to be comprehensive.

Chronological overview

Spacecraft with electric propulsion
Spacecraft name Launch date End of life Thruster type No. Model Propellant Spacecraft customer Thruster prime Comment
Program 661A Flight A 18-12-1962 18-12-1962 Ion engine 1 Cesium United States USAF United States EOS (Electro-Optical Systems, Inc.) Suborbital, no operation of on-board ion engine
Kosmos 21 11-11-1963 11-11-1963 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Soviet Union Soviet Union Kurchatov Institute/OKB-1 Launch failure
SERT 1 20-07-1964 20-07-1964 Ion engine 1
1		 Mercury
Cesium		 United States NASA United States NASA
Hughes		 Space Electric Rocket Test, suborbital (31 min), the first demonstration of an ion engine in space - only the mercury engine by NASA was operated
Program 661A Flight B 29-08-1964 29-08-1964 Ion engine 1 Cesium United States USAF United States EOS Suborbital, experimental test (19 min operation)
Zond 2 30-11-1964 14-05-1965 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Soviet Union Soviet Union Kurchatov Institute/OKB-1 Is widely regarded as the first application of electric propulsion systems in space (70 min of PPT operation)
Program 661A Flight C 21-12-1964 21-12-1964 Ion engine 1 Cesium United States USAF United States EOS Suborbital, experimental test (4 min operation)
Snapshot 03-04-1965 Ion engine 1 Cesium United States USAF/Army United States EOS Experimental 1 hour operation, SNAP-10A nuclear reactor
Zond 3 18-07-1965 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Soviet Union Soviet Union Operation of thruster failed
Yantar-1 13-10-1966 13-10-1966 Ion engine Argon Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
Yantar-2 1968 1968 Ion engine Nitrogen Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
ATS-4 10-08-1968 Ion engine 2 Cesium United States USAF/NASA United States EOS Experimental 10 hours operation, Satellite Technology Applications
LES-6 26-09-1968 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 PTFE United States USAF United States MIT Lincoln Lab. Lincoln Experimental Satellite
Yantar-3 1969 1969 Ion engine Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
ATS-5 12-08-1969 Ion engine 2 Cesium United States USAF/NASA United States EOS Experimental
SERT 2 03-02-1970 Ion engine 2 Mercury United States NASA United States NASA/Westinghouse (Experimental), worked until 1981 (3781 hours)
Yantar-4 1971 1971 Ion engine Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
Meteor 1-10 29-12-1971 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-60 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
L-4SC-3 20-08-1974 20-08-1974 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Japan ISAS Experimental, ballistic launch. Launch failure.
ATS-6 30-05-1974 Ion engine 2 Cesium United States NASA United States EOS Experimental 92 hours operation
Meteor-Priroda 1 (Meteor 1-18) 09-07-1974 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-60 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
Kren-1 (Kosmos-728) 18-4-1975 18-4-1975 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Potassium Soviet Union Soviet Union NIITP Ballistic flight
TIP-2 12-10-1975 Pulsed plasma thruster 2 TSPPS PTFE United States US Navy United States Republic Aviation Transit Improvement Program (Triad / NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Kren-2 (Kosmos-780) 21-11-1975 21-11-1975 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Potassium Soviet Union Soviet Union NIITP Ballistic flight
Meteor-Priroda 2-1 (Meteor 1-25) 15-05-1976 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-60 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
TIP-3 01-09-1976 Pulsed plasma thruster 2 TSPPS PTFE United States US Navy United States Republic Aviation Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Meteor-Priroda 2-2 (Meteor 1-28) 29-06-1977 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-50 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
Kust-1 7-12-1977 7-12-1977 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight, Russian acronym of Kubarev, thruster, jet
Kust-2 30-11-1978 30-11-1978 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
Astrofizika (Kosmos 1066) 23-12-1978 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-50 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
Kust-3 21-1-1979 21-1-1979 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Ballistic flight
SCATHA (P78-2) 30-01-1979 Ion source 1 Xenon United States USAF/NASA United States Hughes Satellite Positive Ion Beam System (SPIBS), No engine in the strict sense
Intelsat-5 F-2 06-12-1980 Resistojet Hydrazine United States ITSO/Inmarsat Communications satellite, and 1984, eight satellites
MS-T4 (Tansei 4) 17-02-1980 13-05-1983 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Ammonia Japan ISAS Experimental, thruster for spin-up
ETS-4 (Kiku 3) 11-02-1981 24-12-1984 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE Japan NASDA Japan AIST Engineering Test Satellite (experimental)
Nova-1 14-05-1981 Pulsed plasma thruster TSPPS PTFE United States US Navy United States Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Meteor-Priroda 2-4 (Meteor 1-31) 10-07-1981 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-50 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control
MDT-2A 07-12-1981 07-12-1981 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE China China SSTC Academia Sinica Ballistic Missile
Potok 1/Geizer 1 (Kosmos 1366) 17-5-1982 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
ETS-3 (Kiku 4) 3-09-1982 8-3-1985 Ion engine 2 Mercury Japan NASDA Japan MELCO Engineering Test Satellite (experimental)
Potok 2/Geizer 2 (Kosmos 1540) 2-3-1984 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Nova-3 12-10-1984 Pulsed plasma thruster TSPPS PTFE United States US Navy United States Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Luch #1 (Kosmos 1700) 25-10-1985 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Potok 3/Geizer 3 (Kosmos 1738) 4-4-1986 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Plazma-A #1 (Kosmos 1818) 1-2-1987 Hall effect thruster 6 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control, Topaz-1 nuclear reactor
Plazma-A #2 (Kosmos 1867) 10-7-1987 Hall effect thruster 6 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel Orbit control, Topaz-1 nuclear reactor
Start-1 7-8-1987 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster AMPDT Air Soviet Union Soviet Union Autonomous MPD Thruster
Start-2 9-9-1987 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster AMPDT Argon Soviet Union Soviet Union Autonomous MPD Thruster
Potok 4/Geizer 5 (Kosmos 1888) 1-10-1987 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Luch #2 (Kosmos 1897) 26-11-1987 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Nova-2 16-06-1988 Pulsed plasma thruster TSPPS PTFE United States US Navy United States Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Potok 5/Geizer 6 (Kosmos 1961) 1-8-1988 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Luch #3 (Kosmos 2054) 27-12-1989 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Potok 6/Geizer 7 (Kosmos 2085) 18-7-1990 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
Potok 7/Geizer 8 (Kosmos 2172) 22-11-1991 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Soviet Union Soviet Union OKB Fakel
EURECA 02-08-1992 01-07-1993 Ion engine RIT-10 (RITA) Xenon ESA Germany MBB 240 hours operation
Telstar 401 16-12-1993 11-01-1997 Arcjet MR-508 Hydrazine United States AT&T United States Rocket Research Co. Communication satellite (Lockheed Martin AS-7000)
Gals-1 20-01-1994 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel Communication Satellite
ETS-6 (Kiku 6) 28-08-1994 09-07-1996 Ion engine XIES Xenon Japan NASDA Japan Mitsubishi Electric Experimental, Xenon Ion Engine System
Telstar 402 09-09-1994 09-09-1994 Arcjet MR-508 Hydrazine United States AT&T United States Rocket Research Co. Communication satellite (Lockheed Martin AS-7000), exploded shortly after launch
Potok 8/Geizer 9 (Kosmos 2291) 21-9-1994 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
Ekspress 1 13-10-1994 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
Luch 4 16-12-1994 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
Space Flyer Unit (SFU) 18-03-1995 13-01-1996 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster 1 EPEX Hydrazine Japan ISAS/NASDA Japan ISAS Electric Propulsion Experiment, 43395 pulses of operation
Potok 9/Geizer 10 (Kosmos 2319) 30-8-1995 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
Telstar 402R (Telstar 4) 24-09-1995 2003-09 Arcjet MR-508 Hydrazine United States AT&T United States Rocket Research Co. Communication satellite (Lockheed Martin AS-7000)
Luch2-1 11-10-1995 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
Gals-2 17-11-1995 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel Communication Satellite
Ekspress 2 26-9-1996 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
A2100 1997 Arcjet MR-510 United States Lockheed/Aerojet Communication Satellite
PAS 5 (now: Intelsat 5) 28-08-1997 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on HS-601HP (first commercial satellite with XIPS)
Kupon-1 12-11-1997 1998-3 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Bank of Russia Russia OKB Fakel Communication Satellite
Galaxy 8i 08-12-1997 2004 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Astra 2A 30-08-1998 Ion engine XIPS Xenon Template:Country data Luxemburg SES United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
STEX (NROL-8) 03-10-1998 Hall effect thruster TAL-D55 Xenon United States NRO Russia TsNIIMash EPDM (Electric Propulsion Demonstration Module)
Deep Space 1 24-10-1998 2001 Ion engine 1 NSTAR Xenon United States NASA United States NASA
Satmex 5 (now: Eutelsat 115 West A) 05-12-1998 Ion engine XIPS Xenon Mexico Satmex United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; propulsion failed on 27-1-2010
PAS 6B (now: Intelsat 6B) 21-12-1998 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
ARGOS (P91-1) 23-02-1999 31-07-2003 Arcjet ESEX Ammonia United States USAF United States Rocket Research Co. Experimental military satellite, Electric Propulsion Space Experiment
Orion 3 5-05-1999 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States Orion Network Systems United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; injected into wrong orbit
Astra 1H 18-06-1999 Ion engine XIPS Xenon Template:Country data Luxemburg SES United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Yamal 101 06-09-1999 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite
Yamal 102 06-09-1999 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite
DirecTV 1R 10-10-1999 Ion engine 4 XIPS Xenon United States DirecTV United States Hughes-EDD Communications satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Ekspress-A 1 27-10-1999 27-10-1999 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel Communication satellite, satellite lost during launch
Galaxy 10R 25-01-2000 2009 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; reduced mission time due to malfunction in XIPS
Ekspress-A 2 12-3-2000 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel Communication satellite
SESAT 1 (now: Eutelsat 16C) 17-04-2000 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon France Eutelsat Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite, Ekspress satellite bus by NPO PM
Galaxy 4R 19-04-2000 2006 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; XIPS failed by 2003
Ekspress-A 3 24-6-2000 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel Communication satellite
Potok 10/Geizer 12 (Kosmos 2371) 4-7-2000 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Russia OKB Fakel
MightySat II.1 19-07-2000 12-11-2002 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE United States AFRL United States USAF/NASA/Olin Aerospace Co. Experimental satellite
PAS 9 (now: Intelsat 9) 28-07-2000 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Hughes-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
AMSAT-Phase 3-D (OSCAR-40) 16-11-2000 2004 Arcjet ATOS Ammonia Germany AMSAT Germany University of Stuttgart, IRS Arcjet Thruster on OSCAR Satellite, operated in cold gas mode
EO-1 21-11-2000 30-03-2017 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE United States NASA United States Primex Aerospace Earth Observing-1, technology demonstrator
PAS 10 (now: Intelsat 10) 15-05-2001 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United States PanAmSat United States Boeing-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Astra 2C 16-06-2001 Ion engine XIPS Xenon Template:Country data Luxemburg SES United States Boeing-EDD Satellite bus based on Hughes 601HP
Artemis 12-07-2001 November 2017 Ion engine 4 RIT-10 (RITA) and UK-10(T5) Xenon ESA Germany Astrium Advanced Relay Technology Mission ESA Artemis satellite using 4 ion engines (2 RIT and 2 UK-10) has paved the way for the use of electric propulsion in telecommunication spacecraft.[1]
DirecTV 4S 27-11-2001 Ion engine 4 XIPS Xenon United States DirecTV United States Boeing-EDD Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
Ekspress-A 1R (Ekspress-A 4) 10-6-2002 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100(?), KM-5[2] Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel(?), Keldysh Communication satellite
AsiaSat 4 11-04-2003 Ion engine 4 XIPS Xenon Hong Kong AsiaSat United States Boeing-EDD Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
Hayabusa 09-05-2003 13-06-2010 Ion engine 4 μ10 Xenon Japan JAXA Japan JAXA/ISAS
SMART-1 28-09-2003 03-09-2006 Hall effect thruster 1 PPS-1350 Xenon ESA France Snecma Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology
Galaxy 13 / Horizons 1 01-10-2003 Ion engine XIPS Xenon United StatesJapan PanAmSat/JSAT United States Boeing-EDD Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
Yamal 201 24-11-2003 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel
Yamal 202 24-11-2003 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel
Ekspress-AM 1 29-10-2004 10-8-2013 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel
AMC 12 (Astra 4A / Star One C12 / now: NSS 10) 03-02-2005 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon United States SES Americom Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite based on Alcatel Alenia Spacebus-4000C3
Ekspress-AM 2 29-3-2005 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel
Monitor-E 26-08-2005 Hall effect thruster SPT-100 Xenon Russia Roskosmos Russia OKB Fakel Earth observation satellite based on Khrunichev Yachta bus
MBSat 1 (ABS 2i / now: ABS 4 (Mobisat)) 13-03-2004 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Japan
Bermuda		 MBCO
Sold to: ABS		 Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
Ekspress-AM 3 29-10-2004 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel
AMC 23 29-12-2005 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon United States SES Americom Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite based on Alcatel Alenia Spacebus-4000C3
KazSat-1 18-06-2005 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Kazakhstan JSC KazSat Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite based on Khrunichev Yachta bus
ION 26-7-2006 26-7-2006 Vacuum arc thruster 4 μVAT Tungsten United States UIUC United States UIUC Satellite lost during injection phase
MEASAT-3 11-12-2006 Ion engine 4 XIPS Xenon Malaysia MEASAT United States L-3 ETI Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
TacSat-2 16-12-2006 05-02-2011 Hall effect thruster 1 BHT-200 Xenon United States USAF United States Busek Microsatellite Propulsion Integration (MPI) Experiment, military applications
ETS-8 (Kiku 8) 18-12-2006 Ion engine 4 XIES Xenon Japan JAXA Japan Mitsubishi Electric
FalconSat-3 09-03-2007 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 MPACS PTFE United States USAFA United States Busek Experimental Satellite, Micro-Propulsion Attitude Control System
Dawn 27-09-2007 Ion engine 3 NSTAR Xenon United States NASA United States NASA
Telstar 11N 26-02-2009 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon United States Loral Skynet Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
GOCE 17-03-2009 11-11-2013 Ion engine 2 T5 Xenon ESA United Kingdom QinetiQ
Sirius FM5 (Radiosat 5) 30-06-2009 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon United States Sirius Satellite Radio Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
STSAT-2A 25-08-2009 25-08-2009 Pulsed plasma thruster South Korea KARI South Korea KAIST/SaTReC Satellite lost during injection phase
NSS-12 29-10-2009 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Netherlands SES New Skies Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
GSAT-4 (Healthsat) 15-04-2010 15-04-2010 Hall effect thruster 2
2		 KM-45
(Unnamed)		 Xenon India ISRO RussiaIndia Keldysh
ISRO		 Launcher failed to reach orbit[3][4][5]
STSAT-2B 10-06-2010 10-06-2010 Pulsed plasma thruster South Korea KARI South Korea KAIST/SaTReC Satellite lost during injection phase
AEHF-SV-1 (USA-214) 14-08-2010 Hall effect thruster 4 BPT-4000 (XR-5) Xenon United States USAF United States Aerojet Satellite based on Lockheed Martin A2100; mission saved by Hall thruster
FalconSat-5 (USA-221) 20-11-2010 Hall effect thruster BHT-200 Xenon United States USAF United States Busek Experimental Satellite
KazSat-2 16-07-2011 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-70 Xenon Kazakhstan JSC KazSat Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite based on Khrunichev Yachta bus
Fobos-Grunt 9-11-2011 15-1-2012 Hall effect thruster 3 SPT-140 Xenon Russia Roskosmos Russia OKB Fakel Failed to reach intended trajectory
SES-4 14-02-2012 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Netherlands SES World Skies Russia OKB Fakel
AEHF-SV-2 (USA-235) 04-05-2012 Hall effect thruster BPT-4000 (XR-5) Xenon United States USAF United States Aerojet Satellite based on Lockheed Martin A2100
SES-5 09-07-2012 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Netherlands SES World Skies Russia OKB Fakel
Kanopus-V 22-07-2012 Hall effect thruster 2 SPT-50 Xenon Russia Roskosmos Russia OKB Fakel Earth observation satellite
TET-1 22-07-2012 Resistojet 1 Aquajet Water Germany DLR Germany Aerospace Innovation Experimental
PROITERES 09-09-2012 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 PTFE Japan OIT Japan OIT Academic satellite, communication loss before propulsion test
Shijian-9A (SJ-9A) 14-10-2012 Hall effect thruster
Ion engine		 HET-40
LIPS-200		 Xenon China COSTIND China SISP
LIP		 Experimental satellite based on CAST-2000
Yamal 402 8-12-2012 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Spacebus-4000C3, satellite failed to reach intended orbit
STRaND-1 25-02-2013 Pulsed plasma thruster United Kingdom SSTL United Kingdom SSTL 3U Cubesat propulsion demonstration
Alphasat (Inmarsat-4A F4) 25-07-2013 Hall effect thruster 4 PPS-1350 Xenon United Kingdom Inmarsat/ESA France Snecma Operational
AEHF-SV-3 (USA-246) 18-09-2013 Hall effect thruster BPT-4000 (XR-5) Xenon United States USAF United States Aerojet Satellite based on Lockheed Martin A2100
CUSat 29-09-2013 16-10-2013 Pulsed plasma thruster PTFE United States Cornell University United States Cornell University
University of Washington		 Technology demonstration
STSAT-3 21-11-2013 2015-12 Hall effect thruster 1 Xenon South Korea KARI South Korea KAIST/SaTReC
DubaiSat-2 21-11-2013 Hall effect thruster 1 Xenon United Arab Emirates MBRSC South Korea Japan Satrec Initiative
JAXA (Neutralizer)		 Satellite bus based on Satrec Initiative SI-300
Wren 21-11-2013 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 Germany StaDoKo Germany StaDoKo 1U PocketQub propulsion
Ekspress-AM5 26-12-2013 Hall effect thruster SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel EP system used to insert the satellite into GEO. Unclear if EP is also used for station keeping.
KazSat-3 28-04-2014 Hall effect thruster SPT-100 Xenon Kazakhstan JSC KazSat Russia OKB Fakel Communications satellite based on Ekspress 1000 NTA bus
Deimos-2 19-06-2014 Hall effect thruster HEPS Xenon Spain Deimos Imaging South Korea Satrec Initiative Satellite bus based on Satrec Initiative SI-300
Hodoyoshi 4 19-06-2014 Ion engine 1 MIPS Xenon Japan University of Tokyo/NESTRA Japan University of Tokyo
MKA-FKI PN2 (Vernov) 8-7-2014 2014-12 Pulsed plasma thruster APPT-45-2 PTFE Russia Russian Academy of Sciences Russia RIAME Satellite based on bus Karat; communication loss before thruster operation
Ekspress-AM6 (Eutelsat 53A) 21-10-2014 Hall effect thruster SPT-100 Xenon Russia RSCC Russia OKB Fakel EP system used to insert the satellite into GEO. Unclear if EP is also used for station keeping.
Hayabusa2 03-12-2014 Ion engine 4 Xenon Japan JAXA Japan JAXA/ISAS
PROCYON 03-12-2014 Ion engine 1 I-COUPS Xenon Japan JAXA/University of Tokyo Japan University of Tokyo PRoximate Object Close flYby with Optical Navigation, experimental >200 h operation
Yamal 401 15-12-2014 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Gazcom Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on bus Ekspress-2000A
ABS-3A 02-03-2015 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon Bermuda ABS United States L-3 ETI First Boeing 702SP all-electric satellites
Satmex 7 (now: Eutelsat 115 West B) 02-03-2015 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon Mexico Satmex United States L-3 ETI First Boeing 702SP all-electric satellites
BRICsat-P 20-05-2015 Vacuum arc thruster 4 μCAT United States USNA United States GW University Detumbling, spin and a delta-V for a 1.5U cubesat in 500km orbit
AeroCube 8A 20-05-2015 Electrospray Thruster 1 SiEPro Ionic liquid United States The Aerospace Corporation United States MIT 1.5 U cubesat
AeroCube 8B 20-05-2015 Electrospray Thruster 1 SiEPro Ionic liquid United States The Aerospace Corporation United States MIT 1.5 U cubesat
KaiTuo-1A (XinJiShu YanZheng-2) 19-09-2015 Hall effect thruster 1
1		 LHT-100
(Unnamed)		 Xenon China China LIP
BICE		 Experimental Satellite
Lisa Pathfinder 3-12-2015 Electrospray Thruster 8 CMNT Ionic Liquid Propellant ESA United States Busek Very precise attitude control
Horyu-4 (AEGIS) 18-02-2016 Vacuum arc thruster Japan KIT Japan KIT
SES-9 04-03-2016 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon Template:Country data Luxemburg SES United States L-3 ETI
ABS-2A 15-06-2016 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon Bermuda ABS United States L-3 ETI Satellite based on all-electric bus Boeing 702SP
Satmex 9 (now: Eutelsat 117 West B) 15-06-2016 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon Mexico Satmex United States L-3 ETI Satellite based on all-electric bus Boeing 702SP
Shijian-17 (SJ-17) 03-11-2016 Hall effect thruster LHT-100 Xenon China CAST China LIP
AeroCube 8C 11-11-2016 Electrospray Thruster 1 SiEPro Ionic liquid United States The Aerospace Corporation United States MIT 1.5 U cubesat
AeroCube 8D 11-11-2016 Electrospray Thruster 1 SiEPro Ionic liquid United States The Aerospace Corporation United States MIT 1.5 U cubesat
AOBA-VELOX III 09-12-2016 Pulsed plasma thruster 1 PTFE Singapore
Japan		 NTU
KIT		 Singapore NTU 2U-Cubesat propulsion, satellite piggyback on HTV-6, deployed from ISS on 16-01-2017
Hispasat 36W-1 (SmallGEO) 27-01-2017 Hall effect thruster 8 SPT-100 Xenon Spain Hispasat Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on OHB Luxor bus
SES-10 30-03-2017 Hall effect thruster SPT-100 Xenon Template:Country data Luxemburg SES Russia OKB Fakel
Shijian-13 (SJ-13) 12-04-2017 Ion engine 4 LIPS-200 Xenon China CAST & ChinaSatcom China LIP Satellite based on DongFangHong-3B satellite bus
GSAT-9 (South Asian Satellite) 05-05-2017 Hall effect thruster 4 KM-45 Xenon India ISRO Russia Keldysh Station-keeping of satellite, including orbit changes [6][7][8][9]
SES-15 18-05-2017 Ion engine 4 XIPS-25 Xenon United States SES World Skies United States L-3 ETI Satellite based on all-electric bus Boeing 702SP
Eutelsat 172B 01-06-2017 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-140 Xenon France Eutelsat Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on all-electric bus Eurostar-3000EOR
PEGASUS 23-06-2017 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 PTFE Austria FH Wiener Neustadt Austria FH Wiener Neustadt Cubesat propulsion; part of QB50
Shijian-18 02-07-2017 02-07-2017 Ion engine LIPS-300 Xenon China China LIP Launcher failed to reach orbit
VENµS 02-08-2017 Hall effect thruster 2 IHET-300 Xenon Israel
France		 ISA
CNES		 Israel Rafael Station-keeping, fine attitude control and orbit change
AsiaSat-9 28-09-2017 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Hong Kong AsiaSat Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on Space Systems Loral SSL-1300 bus
SLATS (Tsubame) 23-12-2017 02-10-2019 Ion engine 1 XIES Xenon Japan Japan
Flock-3p' 12-01-2018 FEEP 1 IFM Nano Indium United States Planet Labs Austria Enpulsion First successful IOD of a FEEP thruster on a 3U Cubesat
SES-14 25-01-2018 Hall effect thruster SPT-140 Xenon Template:Country data Luxemburg SES Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
SES-12 04-06-2018 Hall effect thruster SPT-140 Xenon Template:Country data Luxemburg SES Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
NovaSAR 16-09-2018 Resistojet
Quad confinement thruster		 1
1
QCT-200		 Xenon United Kingdom SSTL/ADS UK United Kingdom SSTL
SSC/SSTL		 Satellite based on SSTL-300 bus
BepiColombo 20-10-2018 Ion engine 4 T6 Xenon
Japan		 ESA & JAXA United Kingdom QinetiQ Solar Electric Propulsion System (SEPS)
(undisclosed) 2018 FEEP 4 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
(undisclosed) 2018 FEEP 1 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
FalconSat-6 3-12-2018 Hall effect thruster BHT-200 Xenon United States USAF United States Busek Experimental Satellite
UWE-4 27-12-2018 FEEP 4 NanoFEEP Gallium Germany Universität Würzburg Germany Morpheus Space First IOD of orbit control on a picosatellite using electric propulsion
AOBA-VELOX-IV 18-01-2019 Pulsed plasma thruster 4 PTFE Singapore
Japan		 NTU
KIT		 Singapore NTU
Xiaoxiang-1 03 21-01-2019 Electrospray thruster China Spacety Aerospace Corp. China 206th Institute
(undisclosed) 2019 FEEP 4 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
PSN-6 (Nusantara Satu) 22-02-2019 Xenon Indonesia PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara United States SSL
(undisclosed) 2019 FEEP 7 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
Starlink L0 23-05-2019 Hall effect thruster 60x? Krypton United States SpaceX United States SpaceX First operational Starlink satellite design
Yamal 601 30-05-2019 Hall effect thruster 4 SPT-100 Xenon Russia Gazprom Russia OKB Fakel Satellite based on bus Ekspress-2000A
(undisclosed) 2019 FEEP 4 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
(undisclosed) 2019 FEEP 4 IFM Nano Indium Austria Enpulsion
JCSAT-18/Kacific-1[10][11] 17 Dec 2019 Ion engine 4 XIPS Xenon SKY Perfect JSAT / Kacific United States Boeing-EDD Boeing 702
Shijian-20(SJ-20) 27-12-2019 Ion engine LIPS-300 Xenon China CAST China LIP Back-up of Shijian-18 based on DFH-5 Bus
Eutelsat KONNECT 17 Jan 2020 Spacebus Neo Xenon Propulsion System (XPS) Xenon
Double Asteroid Redirection Test 24 Nov 2021 26 Sep 2022 Next-C Ion Engine Xenon United States NASA United States Aerojet Rocketdyne

Planned missions

Planned missions
Spacecraft name Launch date Thruster type Model Propellant Spacecraft customer Thruster prime Comment
Starlink 1-1 to 1-60 2019 Hall effect thruster Krypton United States SpaceX United States SpaceX
Starlink 2-1 to 2-60 2019 Hall effect thruster Krypton United States SpaceX United States SpaceX
Starlink 3-1 to 3-60 2019 Hall effect thruster Krypton United States SpaceX United States SpaceX
APStar 6D 2019 Ion engine LIPS-300 Xenon China China LIP DFH-5 bus
GSAT-20 2020 Hall effect thruster Xenon India ISRO India ISRO
SES-17 2021 Hall effect thruster Xenon Luxembourg SES France Snecma (TBC) all-electric Spacebus Neo
Hotbird 13F 2021 Hall effect thruster PPS5000 (TBC) Xenon France Eutelsat France Snecma (TBC) all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
Hotbird 13G 2021 Hall effect thruster PPS5000 (TBC) Xenon France Eutelsat France Snecma (TBC) all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
ASTER 2021 Hall effect thruster PMHT Xenon Brazil AEB Brazil UnB MetNet bus
ETS-9 2021+ Hall effect thruster Xenon Japan JAXA Japan IHI Aerospace
Ionozond (Ionosfere 1 & 2) 2023+ Pulsed plasma thruster APPT-95 PTFE Russia Roskosmos Russia RIAME AOCS
NASA Gateway 2025 Hall effect thruster Xenon United States NASA United States L3-Aerojet Rocketdyne/Busek
AQUIS 2025 Vacuum Arc Jet Tungsten Germany Space Team Aachen Germany Space Team Aachen FEEP in development as upgrade
Soyuz-Sat-O ? Pulsed plasma thruster APPT-155 PTFE Russia
Belarus		 Russia RIAME

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Present and Future of Space Electric Propulsion in Europe". http://epic-src.eu/wp-content/uploads/EPIC_Lecture-UC3M_22-10-2015.pdf. 
  2. ↑ "paper From RNII to Keldysh Research Center on page 56 of the magazine Земля и Вселенная #5 2013". http://file.magzdb.org/ul/151/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%20%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%202013%2005.pdf. 
  3. ↑ "IAC Archive — IAC-07/C4/4/1". http://iafastro.directory/iac/archive/browse/IAC-07/C4/4/6903/. 
  4. ↑ "Review of works on Electric propulsion at Keldysh Research Center". http://trudymai.ru/upload/iblock/7d4/review-of-works-on-electric-propulsion-at-keldysh-research-center.pdf. 
  5. ↑ "GSLV D3/GSAT-4 Brochure". http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/images/brochures/GSLV-D3_GSAT-4%20Brochure.pdf. 
  6. ↑ "ISRO to Test Electric Propulsion on Satellites". http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/ISRO-to-Test-Electric-Propulsion-on-Satellites/2015/11/30/article3153565.ece. 
  7. ↑ Murthy, P. V. N.; Raghavaiah, Vaddi; Sowjanya, P.; Renuka, R.; Kumar, Shiv S.; Hariharan, V. K.; Rao, M. Nageswara (Dec 2016). "Study on EMI/ESD effects of Electric Propulsion System on spacecraft systems and mitigation techniques". 2016 International Conference on ElectroMagnetic Interference & Compatibility (INCEMIC). IEEE. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/incemic.2016.7921463. ISBN 9781509058402. 
  8. ↑ "Центр Келдыша разработал новый электроракетный двигатель". https://tass.ru/kosmos/4588930. 
  9. ↑ HUANG, WENSHENG (Dec 2017). "Electric rockets power bigger share". https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/year-in-review/electric-rockets-power-bigger-share/. 
  10. ↑ "MediaRoom - News Releases/Statements". https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2019-12-16-Boeing-built-Satellite-to-Offer-Greater-Asia-Pacific-Coverage. 
  11. ↑ "Kacific1 Milestones: Bus and Payload Integration Complete – Kacific" (in en-US). https://kacific.com/news/kacific1-milestones-bus-and-payload-integration-complete/. 



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