Ogee

Two ogee curve examples with their extended S-shape, concave over convex (cyma recta), and convex over concave (cyma reversa), representing the cross-sections of two types of decorative moldings used in building^[1][2]

An ogee arch, showing the pair of component blocks on each side that constitute the "double curve" of the ogee, joined at its peak by a capstone.^{[citation needed][1]:218} The midpoint of the two blocks on each side that compose the ogee, the point at which the overall curve changes direction, is the inflection point referred to in the lead.^{[citation needed]}

First seen in textiles in the 12th century, the use of ogee elements—in particular, in the design of arches—has been said to characterise various Gothic and Gothic Revival architectural styles.^[1]:218 The shape has many such uses in architecture from those periods to the present day, including in the ogee arch in these architectural styles,^[1]:218 where two ogees oriented as mirror images compose the sides of the arch,^[3] and in decorative molding designs, where single ogees are common profiles (see opening image).^[1] The term is also used in marine construction.^{[citation needed]} The word was sometimes abbreviated as o-g as early as the 18th century,^[1]:218 and in millwork trades associated with building construction, ogee is still sometimes written similarly (e.g., as O.G.).^{[citation needed]}

Use in architecture

Look up ogee in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Ogee arch

Gothic ogee arch from the 1300s, over a tomb effigy in recess, in St. Mary the Virgin, Silchester, in the United Kingdom.^[4][5]

In architecture, the principal use of the term is to describe an arch composed of two ogees, mirrored left-to-right and meeting at an apex.^[3] First seen in textiles in the 1100s CE, the use of ogee elements, and in particular in the design of arches, has been said to characterise Venetian Gothic and Gothic Revival architectural styles.^[1]:218.Ogee arches were also a feature of English Gothic architecture in the later thirteenth century.^[6]

Moulding

A building's surface detailing, inside and outside, often includes decorative moulding, and these often contain ogee-shaped profiles—consisting (from low to high) of a concave arc flowing into a convex arc, with vertical ends; if the lower curve is convex and higher one concave, this is known as a Roman ogee, although frequently the terms are used interchangeably and for a variety of other shapes. Alternative names for such a true Roman ogee moulding include cyma reversa and talon.^[7]

An unorthodox ogee arch in Kilfane Church, Ireland (13th century)

The ogee curve is an analogue of a "cyma curve", the difference being that a cyma, or "cyma recta", has horizontal rather than vertical ends. The cyma reversa form occurs in antiquity. For example, in ancient Persia, the Tomb of Cyrus featured the cyma reversa.^[8] The cyma reversa is also evident in ancient Greek architecture, and takes its name from the cymatium.^{[9][page needed]} The ogee and Roman ogee profiles are used in decorative moulding, often framed between mouldings with a square section.^{[citation needed]} As such, it is part of the standard classical decorative vocabulary, adopted from architrave and cornice mouldings of the Ionic order and Corinthian order.^{[citation needed]}

Ogees are also often used in building interiors, in trim carpentry, for capping a baseboard or plinth elements, as a crown moulding trim piece where a wall meets a ceiling, and in similar fashion, at the tops of pieces of case furniture.^{[citation needed]}

Other uses

Ogee clock, framed with ogee moulding.

Ogee is also a mathematical term, meaning an inflection point.^{[citation needed]} In fluid mechanics, the term is used to refer to aerodynamic profiles that bear such shapes, e.g., as in the ogee profile of the Concorde supersonic aircraft.^{[citation needed]} As well, ogee curves are used to minimize water pressure on the downstream face of a dam spillway.^{[citation needed]}

In aesthetic facial surgery, the term is used to describe the malar or cheekbone prominence transitioning into the mid-cheek hollow.^{[according to whom?]} The aim of a mid-face rejuvenation is to restore the ogee curve and enhance the cheekbones, common parts of routine facelift surgery.^{[citation needed]}

Manufactured objects with the ogee description

Ogee is the name given to bubble-shaped chambers of pot stills that connects the swan neck to the still pot, in distillation apparatus, that allow distillate to expand, condense, and fall back into the still pot.^[10]

"Ogee washers" are heavy washers used in fasteners that have a large load-bearing surface; they are used in marine timber construction to prevent bolt heads or nuts from sinking into the face of timbers.^{[citation needed]} The term ogee is used to describe the ogee shape giving rise to radial symmetry around the centre of the washer.^{[citation needed]} Due to the size and shape of such washers, they are generally manufactured as a cast iron product (in accordance with ASTM A47 or A48).^{[citation needed]}

"Ogee clocks" were a common type of weight-driven 19th-century pendulum clock presented in a simplified Gothic style, with the original design attributed to Chauncey Jerome.^[11] Ogee clocks were typically made in the United States, as mantelpieces or to mount to a wall bracket,^{[citation needed]} and are one of the most commonly encountered varieties of American antique clocks.^{[citation needed]} The overall design was rectangular, with framing by moulding with an ogee-profile surrounding a central glass door with a painted scene below the clock face, a door that protected the clock face and pendulum.^{[citation needed]} Weights supported by pulleys fell inside the ogee moulding and so were hidden from view.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Line of beauty

References

Further reading

• Lewis, Philippa & Darley, Gillian (1986). Dictionary of Ornament. New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 222, 73, 97, and 116. ISBN 0-394-50931-5. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoforna00phil. Retrieved January 9, 2020. 
• Bill Owens, Bill & Dikty, Alan (2009) The Art of Distilling Whiskey, p. 26.^{[full citation needed][clarification needed]}

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