Parma (barque)

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General characteristics
Tonnage:	3,084 GRT 5,300 DWT
Length:	327 ft 7 in (99.85 m)
Beam:	46 ft 5 in (14.15 m)
Draught:	28 ft (8.53 m)
Depth:	26 ft 2 in (7.98 m)
Propulsion:	sail
Sail plan:	Barque

Parma was a four-masted steel-hulled barque which was built in 1902 as Arrow for the Anglo-American Oil Co Ltd, London. In 1912 she was sold to F. Laeisz, Hamburg, Germany . During the First World War she was interned in Chile , and postwar was assigned to the United Kingdom as war reparations. She was sold back to Laiesz in 1921. She was sold in 1931 to Ruben De Cloux & Alan Villiers of Mariehamn, Finland . Following an accident in 1936, she was sold and hulked at Haifa, British Mandate of Palestine, now Israel, for two years before being scrapped.

Arrow was built by A Rodger & Co, Port Glasgow as yard number 361. She was 327 feet 7 inches (99.85 m) long, with a beam of 46 feet 5 inches (14.15 m) and a depth of 26 feet 2 inches (7.98 m).^[1] She had four masts and was rigged as a barque, with royal sails over double top and topgallant sails.^[2] Arrow was completed in April 1902.^[3] She was a sister ship to Eclipse, which was completed two months later.^[4]

Arrow entered service with the Anglo-American Oil Co Ltd, London, employed in the kerosene trade.^[5] In 1912, she was sold to F Laeisz, Hamburg for £15,000 and was renamed Parma.^[2] She was employed in the nitrate trade between Germany and Chile .^[6] At the outbreak of the First World War, Parma was interned at Iquique, Chile. In 1920, she was assigned to the United Kingdom as war reparations.^[2] In 1921, she was transferred to the Belgian Government, and placed under the management of Association Maritime Belge, Antwerp.^[1] On 8 November 1921, Parma was sold back to F Laeisz for £10,000 stg.^[2] She was again employed in the nitrate trade.^[6] In 1926, Parma sailed from Hamburg to Talcahuano, Chile in 86 days and in 1928 she sailed from Land's End to Talcahuano in 70 days.^[2]

In 1931, Parma was sold to Ruben De Cloux and Alan Villiers of Mariehamn, Finland for 34,000 ℛℳ.^[2] She was the largest sailing ship under the Finnish flag at the time,^[6] holding that position until 1935 when Gustaf Erikson bought Moshulu.^[7] She was employed in the wheat trade between Germany and Australia . In 1933, she sailed from Port Victoria to Falmouth in 83 days. This was the fastest ever achieved by a sailing ship.^[6]

On 1 July 1936, Parma collided with an observation tower at Princes Dock, Glasgow when a gust of wind caught her as she was docking. As a result of the collision, plates in her hull were sprung open by falling coping stones from the quayside. Parma was sold to Rederei A/B Parma U V Wennstrom, Mariehamn.^[5] She was stripped of her masts and rigging,^[2] and converted to a hulk. In 1936, Parma was sold to Barnett Bros, London.^[5] Parma served as a hulk at Haifa, Palestine (now Israel), until 1938 when she was scrapped.^[2] A model of Parma can be seen at the Ålands Sjöfartsmuseum, Mariehamn.^[8]

The captains of Parma were:-^[2][6]

• Töpper (1924–26)
• Holst (1926–27)
• Rohwer (1928–29)
• Brockhöft (1928–29)
• Ruben de Cloux (1931–36)

Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers. Parma was assigned the United Kingdom Official Number 115804,^[9] she was also assigned the Finnish Official Number 324.^[10]

Parma was assigned the Code Letters RBWN when she was under the German Flag,^[3] and OHQQ when she was under the Finnish Flag.^[10]

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