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Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom

Topic: Finance

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 46 min

Short description: UK free trade agreements

Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom
  United Kingdom
  Active free trade areas
  Signed free trade agreements

Following its withdrawal from the European Union on 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom began negotiations on several free trade agreements to remove or reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, both to establish new agreements and to replace previous EU trade agreements. Withdrawal ended 47 years of membership during which all its trading agreements were negotiated by the European Commission on behalf of the bloc. The UK did not actually withdraw from the European Single Market and the European Union Customs Union (and its trade agreements) until 31 December 2020.

These treaties are divided into two types of free trade agreements: continuity agreements and 'new' agreements. Continuity agreements, also named rollover agreements, make use of a mutatis mutandis concept in order to quickly replicate the existing EU agreements, only having to call out those minor areas of differentiation. Most continuity treaties were provisionally applied, or through a "bridging mechanism", thus continuity was achieved.[1] Trade agreements negotiated after Brexit are termed 'new', or enhanced agreements: these agreements have been negotiated from scratch or have been renegotiated to expand the deal since Brexit.[2]

As of December 2024, the United Kingdom has 39 active free trade agreements with nations and trade blocs, covering 102 countries and territories.[3][1][4] Five of these are 'new' trade agreements, such as with Australia and New Zealand.[5] The UK is also a member of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership.

Competence and ratification

According to UK law the United Kingdom Parliament has the power to pass law in all policy areas.[6]

The UK's negotiating team will consult with its Strategic Trade Advisory Group throughout the negotiations.[7]

Ratification

The responsibility for concluding treaties involving the UK lies with the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs. This remains the case even when the negotiation of the treaty is led by another government department.[8]

The Foreign & Commonwealth Office's legal advisers and Treaty Section:

  • must be given the opportunity to comment on the drafts of all treaties under negotiation
  • will advise on the form and substance of the treaty, though not substance which is technical and of which the other government department is the expert
  • will advise on related matters such as the production of Full Powers and Instruments of Ratification
  • will produce original signature copies of treaties and advise on the treaty signing ceremony
  • will arrange for the treaty to be published and laid before Parliament
  • is responsible for the registration of these treaties with the United Nations, allowing their subsequent publication in the United Nations Treaty Series
  • will transfer of the treaties to the National Archives for preservation[8]

Unless expressly authorised to do so by the United Kingdom government, Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories do not have the authority to contract treaties in their own right. The UK must extend the territorial scope of its ratification of treaties to include them. This may be done either at the time of ratification, or at some later date.[8]

Active agreements

The following free trade agreements are currently in effect. The following lists include three types of regional trade agreements as classified by the World Trade Organization, including: free trade agreements (FTA), economic integration agreements (EIA), and customs unions (CU). Signature and entry into force dates are as listed by the World Trade Organization.[3]

Independent Agreements

The following bilateral and plurilateral free trade agreements are currently active independently from a trade bloc:

Nation(s) No. of
nations
represented 		Agreement[1] Signed Effective Coverage Type WTO Mechanism[1] Trade value
(2023)[1][9] 		Ref.
Albania 1 Albania–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement 5 February 2021 3 May 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £362m
Andean Countries
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru 		3 Andean Countries–UK Trade Agreement 15 May 2019 1 January 2021[lower-alpha 1] Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £4,051m [11][12]
Australia 1 Australia–UK Free Trade Agreement 16 December 2021 31 May 2023 Goods & Services New FTA & EIA Full ratification £20,036m
Cameroon 1 Cameroon–UK Economic Partnership Agreement 28 December 2020 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £1,029m [13][14]
Canada 1 Canada–UK Trade Continuity Agreement 22 December 2020 1 January 2021 Goods & Services[lower-alpha 2] Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £26,287m
CARIFORUM
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Guyana
Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago 		14 CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement 22 March 2019[lower-alpha 3] 1 January 2021[lower-alpha 4] Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Provisional application £5,537m [18][19]
Central America
 Costa Rica
 El Salvador
 Guatemala
 Honduras
 Nicaragua
 Panama 		6 Central America–UK Association Agreement 18 July 2019 1 January 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £2,478m [20][21]
Chile 1 Chile–UK Association Agreement 30 January 2019 1 January 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £1,804m [22][23]
Eastern and Southern Africa
Madagascar
Mauritius
Seychelles
Zimbabwe 		4 Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement 31 January 2019[lower-alpha 5] 1 January 2021[lower-alpha 6] Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £2,027m[lower-alpha 7] [25][26]
Egypt 1 Egypt–UK Association Agreement 5 December 2020 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £4,659m
European Union 31[lower-alpha 12] EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement 30 December 2020 1 January 2021 Goods & Services New FTA & EIA Full ratification £805,000m
Faroe Islands 1 Faroe Islands–UK Free Trade Agreement 31 January 2019 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £1,108m
Georgia 1 Georgia–UK Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement 21 October 2019 1 January 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £500m [27][28]
Ghana 1 Ghana–UK Interim Trade Partnership Agreement 2 March 2021 5 March 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Provisional application £1,188m [29][30]
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway 		3 Iceland–Liechtenstein–Norway–UK Free Trade Agreement 8 July 2021 1 December 2021 Goods & Services[lower-alpha 13] New FTA & EIA Full ratification £41,537m[lower-alpha 14] [31][32]
Israel 1 Israel–UK Trade and Partnership Agreement 18 February 2019 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £6,137m [33][34]
File:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg Ivory Coast 1 Ivory Coast–UK Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement 15 October 2020 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £841m [35][36]
Japan 1 Japan–UK Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement 23 October 2020 1 January 2021 Goods & Services New FTA & EIA Full ratification £27,575m
Jordan 1 Jordan–UK Association Agreement 5 November 2019 1 May 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £1,313m [37][38]
Kenya 1 Kenya–UK Economic Partnership Agreement 8 December 2020 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £1,427m [39][40]
Kosovo 1 Kosovo–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement 3 December 2019 1 January 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £12m [41][42]
Lebanon 1 Lebanon–UK Association Agreement 19 September 2019 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £1,131m
Liechtenstein
Switzerland 		2 Switzerland–Liechtenstein–UK Trade Agreement 11 February 2019 1 January 2021 Goods[lower-alpha 15] Continuity FTA Full ratification £50,817m[lower-alpha 16] [44][45]
Mexico 1 Mexico–UK Trade Continuity Agreement 15 December 2020 1 June 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £6,599m [46][47]
Moldova 1 Moldova–UK Strategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement 24 December 2020 1 January 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £1,478m [48][49]
Morocco 1 Morocco–UK Association Agreement 26 October 2019 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Provisional application £3,524m
New Zealand 1 New Zealand–UK Free Trade Agreement 28 February 2022 31 May 2023 Goods & Services New FTA & EIA Full ratification £3,100m [50][51]
North Macedonia 1 North Macedonia–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement 3 December 2020 1 January 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Provisional application £2,507m [52][53]
Pacific States
Fiji
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands 		4 Pacific States–UK Economic Partnership Agreement 14 March 2019[lower-alpha 17] 1 January 2021[lower-alpha 18] Goods Continuity FTA Provisional application £390m [57][58]
Palestinian Authority 1 Palestinian Authority–UK Political, Trade and Partnership Agreement 18 February 2019 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £38m [59][60]
Serbia 1 Serbia–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement 16 April 2021 20 May 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £1,018m
Singapore 1 Singapore–UK Free Trade Agreement 10 December 2020 1 January 2021 Goods & Services Continuity[lower-alpha 19] FTA & EIA Full ratification £22,327m [63][64]
South Korea 1 South Korea–UK Trade Agreement 22 August 2019 1 January 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £16,331m [65][66]
Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique
Botswana
Eswatini
Lesotho
Mozambique
Namibia
South Africa 		6 SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement 9 October 2019[lower-alpha 20] 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Full ratification £11,420m [68][69]
Tunisia 1 Tunisia–UK Association Agreement 4 October 2019 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA & EIA Full ratification £693m [70][71]
Turkey 1 Turkey–UK Trade Agreement 29 December 2020 1 January 2021 Goods Continuity FTA Provisional application £25,817m [72][73]
Ukraine 1 Ukraine–UK Political, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement 8 October 2020 1 January 2021 Goods & Services Continuity[lower-alpha 21] FTA & EIA Full ratification £1,523m [76][77]
Vietnam 1 UK–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement 29 December 2020 1 January 2021 Goods & Services Continuity FTA & EIA Provisional application £5,859m [78][79]

Trade bloc membership

  CPTPP Signatories
  United Kingdom
  Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories


The United Kingdom is currently a member of one trade bloc, which covers multilateral free trade with fellow members.

Trade bloc No. of nations
represented 		Signed Effective Coverage WTO Trade value[1] Ref.
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
Australia
Brunei
Canada[lower-alpha 22]
Chile
Japan
Malaysia
Mexico
New Zealand
 Peru
Singapore
Vietnam 		11 16 July 2023 15 December 2024[lower-alpha 23] Goods & Services FTA & EIA £120,851m[lower-alpha 24] [80][81]

Negotiations

The United Kingdom is currently pursuing free trade agreements with new countries using three methods. The first of is negotiating completely new trade agreements with a country. The second is through a country applying and acceding to a trade bloc of which the United Kingdom is currently a member of. The third way is through encouraging countries to join existing plurilateral trade agreements.

Active negotiations

The following countries are in active negotiations, have drafted, or signed a new free trade agreement with the UK government:[5][4]

Nation (s) No of nations
represented 		Agreement Coverage Type Trade value (2023)[1][82] Status Progress Ref.
Greenland 1 Greenland–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement Goods Continuity £12m Negotiations ongoing Negotiations resumed on 3 October 2025. [83][84]
Gulf Cooperation Council
Bahrain
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates 		6 Gulf Cooperation Council–UK Free Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £57,433m Agreement signed Agreement signed on 20 May 2026. [85][86]
India 1 India–UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £38,978m Agreement signed Agreement signed on 24 July 2025.
South Korea 1 South Korea–UK Free Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £18,349m Negotiations concluded Agreement in principle reached on 15 December 2025.
Switzerland 1 Switzerland–UK Free Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £50,817m Negotiations ongoing Tenth round of negotiations concluded on 13 March 2026.
Turkey 1 Turkey–UK Free Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £25,817m Negotiations ongoing Fourth round of negotiations concluded on 27 February 2026. [87][88]

Previous negotiations

The following countries have previously opened negotiations with the UK government for a free trade agreement, but negotiations have since been suspended, stagnated, or removed from the UK governments trade negotiations agenda. The United Kingdom has formally suspended negotiations for a free trade agreement on two occasions; it suspended free trade negotiations with Canada in January 2024, and Israel in May 2025.[89][90]

Nation (s) No of nations
represented 		Agreement Coverage Type Trade value (2023)[1][82] Status Progress Ref.
Algeria 1 Algeria–UK Association Agreement Goods Continuity £2,303m Negotiations stagnated A continuity trade agreement has been offered to Algeria; neither party has signed the agreement. [91]
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Bosnia and Herzegovina–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement Goods & Services Continuity £255m Negotiations stagnated A continuity trade agreement has been offered to Bosnia and Herzegovina; neither party has signed the agreement.
Canada 1 Canada–UK Free Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £26,287m Negotiations suspended Negotiations suspended on 25 January 2024 by the United Kingdom; the two sides have completed eight rounds of talks since 2022. [92][93]
Israel 1 Israel–UK Free Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £6,137m Negotiations suspended Negotiations suspended on 20 May 2025 by the United Kingdom; the two sides have completed five rounds of talks since 2022.
Mexico 1 Mexico–UK Free Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £6,599m Negotiations stagnated Third round of negotiations concluded on 19 May 2023. [94][95]
Montenegro 1 Montenegro–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement Goods & Services Continuity £156m Negotiations stagnated A continuity trade agreement has been offered to Montenegro; neither party has signed the agreement. [96][91]
United States 1 UK–United States Free Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £310,840m Negotiations stagnated Fifth round of negotiations concluded on 30 October 2020. [97][98]

Preliminary discussions

The following countries have reportedly discussed negotiating a free trade agreement with the United Kingdom, however negotiations have not been formally opened.

Nation (s) No of nations
represented 		Agreement Coverage Type Trade value (2023)[82] Status Progress Ref.
 Maldives 1 Maldives–UK Free Trade Agreement Goods New £492m Discussions stagnated Trade consultation closed on 2 August 2023. [99][100]
Template:Country data Mercosur
 Argentina
File:Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg Bolivia
 Brazil
 Paraguay
 Uruguay 		1 Mercosur–UK Free Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £15,175m Discussions ongoing Preliminary discussions to open FTA negotiations restarted on 11 November 2025. [101]
 Thailand 1 Thailand–UK Free Trade Agreement Goods & Services New £6,026m Discussions ongoing Preliminary discussions to open FTA negotiations ongoing. [102][103]

Trade bloc applicants

The following countries have applied to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, a trade bloc of which the United Kingdom is a member of.

Country Application Negotiations opened Negotiations concluded Status Bilateral trade value (2023)[1][82] Existing FTA Ref.
 Cambodia 16 December 2025 pending pending Formal application submitted £216m none [104]
 China 16 September 2021 pending pending Formal application submitted £90,243m none [105][106]
 Costa Rica 11 August 2022 29 November 2024 7 May 2026 Negotiations concluded £1,143m Central America–UK Association Agreement [107][108]
 Ecuador 29 December 2021 pending pending Formal application submitted £475m Andean Countries–United Kingdom Trade Agreement [109][110]
 Indonesia 19 September 2024 pending pending Formal application submitted £2,999m none [111][112]
 Philippines August 2025 pending pending Formal application submitted £2,439m none [113]
 Taiwan 22 September 2021 pending pending Formal application submitted £7,433m none [114][115]
 Ukraine 5 May 2023 pending pending Formal application submitted £1,523m Ukraine–UK Political, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement [116][117]
 United Arab Emirates August 2025 pending pending Formal application submitted £24,161m none [113]
 Uruguay 1 December 2022 21 November 2025 pending Negotiations ongoing £409m none [118][119]

EPA enlargement

The following countries can accede to an existing plurilateral Economic Partnership Agreement with the United Kingdom.

Nation(s) Trade agreement
being joined 		Status Ref.
Haiti CARIFORUM–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement Haiti will be covered by the CARIFORUM–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement if they sign it and bring it into effect. [120]
Comoros
Zambia 		Eastern and Southern Africa–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement Out of the remaining COMESA members, Comoros, and Zambia have agreements in place allowing them to join the ESA–UK Economic Partnership Agreement:
  • Comoros signed the agreement on 12 April 2022 and will be covered by the EPA when they bring it into effect.
  • Zambia will be covered by the EPA if they sign it and bring it into effect.
 [4][24]
East African Community
Burundi
File:Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg DR Congo
Rwanda
Somalia
South Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda 		Kenya–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement Article 143 of the UK–Kenya Economic Partnership Agreement enables any other East African Community member to make an accession request to the UK–Kenya EPA Council. [121][122]
Cook Islands
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
File:Flag of Micronesia.svg Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
Niue
Palau
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu 		Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement The Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement states that 10 other Pacific nations are currently eligible to apply for accession.
  • Tonga has shown interest in acceding to the EPA.
 [123]

Obsolete agreements

The following free trade agreements were previously active, however they have since been superseded or terminated. Signature, entry into force and obsolete dates are as listed by the World Trade Organization.[3]

Former Independent Agreements

The following bilateral and plurilateral free trade agreements were previously active independently from a trade bloc:

Nation(s) No of nations
represented 		Agreement Signed Effective Obsolete Coverage WTO Information Superseded by Ref.
 Ireland 1 Ireland–United Kingdom Free Trade Area 19 December 1965 1 July 1966 1 January 1973 Goods FTA The Free Trade Area was agreed to after both nations' bids to join the European Economic Community were rejected. This agreement was superseded upon both parties' accession to the EEC. European Economic Community [124][125]
 Colombia 1 Colombia–UK Trade Continuity Agreement 18 October 2019 1 January 2021 28 June 2022 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The Trade Continuity Agreement was a provisionally applied FTA. It existed following Brexit but prior to Colombia's ratification of the Andean Countries–UK Trade Agreement, which went on to supersede this agreement. Andean Countries–United Kingdom Trade Agreement [126]
 Iceland
 Norway 		2 Iceland–Norway–UK Trade Agreement 8 December 2020 1 January 2021 1 September 2022 Goods FTA The Iceland–Norway–UK Trade Agreement was a continuity trade agreement that plurilaterally covered both Iceland–UK trade as well as Norway–UK trade. The agreement was superseded by a new plurilateral FTA which expanded the coverage to include services, additionally covering Liechtenstein–UK trade. Free Trade Agreement between Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and the UK [127][128][129]

Former trade bloc memberships

The United Kingdom was previously a member of the following trade blocs, which covered multilateral free trade with fellow members.

Nation(s) No. of nations
represented 		Signed Effective Obsolete Coverage WTO Note Superseded by Ref.
European Free Trade Association
 Austria
 Denmark
 Iceland
 Norway
File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal
 Sweden
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland 		7 4 January 1960[lower-alpha 25] 3 May 1960[lower-alpha 26] 31 December 1972 Goods FTA & EIA The UK was a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but left the organisation to join the European Economic Community, along with Denmark. European Economic Community [131][132]
European Economic Community
 Belgium
 Denmark
File:Flag of France (1976–2020).svg France
 Greece
 Ireland
 Italy
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal
 Spain
West Germany/Germany[lower-alpha 27] 		11 22 January 1972[lower-alpha 28] 1 January 1973[lower-alpha 29] 1 November 1993 Goods & Services CU The UK joined the European Economic Community, along with Denmark and Ireland. The EEC was superseded by the European Union. European Union [135][136]
European Union 27 7 February 1992[lower-alpha 30] 1 November 1993[lower-alpha 31] 1 January 2021 Goods & Services CU & EIA Following the result of the Brexit referendum, the UK invoked Article 50 on 27 March 2017; the UK officially withdrew from the EU on the 1 January 2021. Trade between the EU and the UK was superseded by the Trade and Cooperation following the withdrawal of the UK from the EU. Trade and Cooperation Agreement [141][142][135]
File:Flag of the European Union.svg European Economic Area
 30 2 May 1992[lower-alpha 30] 1 January 1994[lower-alpha 31] 1 January 2021 Services EIA The UK and the European Union agreed that Services trade would be covered by the Trade and Cooperation Agreement. [143]

European Union agreements

See also: Finance:Free trade agreements of the European Union

The following agreements are European Economic Community/European Union free trade agreements with third nations of which the UK was a part of during its membership of the European Union.

Nation (s) No of nations
represented 		Agreement Signed Effective Obsolete Coverage WTO Note Superseded by Ref.
 Turkey 1 European Economic Community–Turkey Additional Protocol N/A 1 January 1973 1 January 1974 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Turkey. Association Agreement [144]
File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal 1 European Economic Community–Portugal Agreement 22 July 1972 1 January 1973 1 January 1976 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Portugal. Interim Agreement [145]
 Morocco 1 European Economic Community–Morocco Association Agreement N/A 1 January 1973 1 July 1976 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Morocco. Interim Agreement [146]
 Tunisia 1 European Economic Community–Tunisia Association Agreement N/A 1 January 1973 1 July 1976 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Tunisia. Interim Agreement [147]
Egypt 1 Egypt–European Economic Community Agreement N/A 1 November 1973 1 January 1977 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Egypt. Interim Agreement [148]
 Lebanon 1 European Economic Community–Lebanon Agreement N/A 1 November 1973 1 January 1977 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Lebanon. Interim Agreement [149]
 Algeria 1 Algeria–European Economic Community Interim Agreement 26 April 1976 1 July 1976 1 November 1978 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Algeria. Cooperation Agreement [150]
Egypt 1 Egypt–European Economic Community Interim Agreement 18 January 1977 1 July 1977 1 November 1978 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Egypt. Cooperation Agreement [151]
 Jordan 1 European Economic Community–Jordan Interim Agreement 18 January 1977 1 July 1977 1 November 1978 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Jordan. Cooperation Agreement [152]
 Lebanon 1 European Economic Community–Lebanon Interim Agreement 3 May 1977 1 July 1977 1 November 1978 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Lebanon. Cooperation Agreement [153]
 Morocco 1 European Economic Community–Morocco Interim Agreement 27 April 1976 1 July 1977 1 November 1978 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Morocco. Cooperation Agreement [154]
Syria 1 European Economic Community–Syria Interim Agreement 18 January 1977 1 July 1977 1 November 1978 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Syria. Cooperation Agreement [155]
 Tunisia 1 European Economic Community–Tunisia Interim Agreement 25 April 1976 1 July 1977 1 November 1978 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Tunisia. Cooperation Agreement [156]
 Greece 1 European Economic Community–Greece Association Agreement N/A 1 January 1973 1 January 1981 Goods CU The agreement was terminated due to Greece's accession to the European Communities. File:Flag of the European Union.svg European Economic Community [157]
European Economic Community–Greece Additional Protocol 28 April 1975 1 July 1975 1 January 1981 FTA [158]
File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal 1 European Economic Community–Portugal Interim Agreement 20 September 1976 1 November 1976 1 January 1986 Goods FTA The agreement was terminated due to Portugal's accession to the European Communities. [159]
Template:Country data Francoist Spain 1 European Economic Community–Spain Agreement N/A 1 January 1973 1 January 1986 Goods FTA The agreement was terminated due to Spain's accession to the European Communities. [160]
Template:Country data Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1 European Economic Community–Yugoslavia Interim Agreement 6 May 1980 1 July 1980 27 November 1991 Goods FTA The agreement was terminated by the EEC due to the breakup of Yugoslavia. N/A [161]
 Finland 1 European Economic Community–Finland Agreement 5 October 1973 1 January 1973 1 January 1994 Goods FTA The agreement was terminated due to Finland's accession to the European Union.  European Union [162]
 Hungary 1 European Economic Community–Hungary Interim Agreement 16 December 1991 1 March 1992 1 February 1994 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with Hungary. Europe Association Agreement [163]
 Poland 1 European Economic Community–Poland Interim Agreement 16 December 1991 1 March 1992 1 February 1994 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with Poland. Europe Association Agreement [164]
 Austria 1 Austria–European Economic Community Agreement 22 July 1972 1 October 1972 1 January 1995 Goods FTA The agreement was terminated due to Austria's accession to the European Union.  European Union [165]
 Sweden 1 European Economic Community–Sweden Agreement 22 July 1972 1 January 1973 1 January 1995 Goods FTA The agreement was terminated due to Sweden's accession to the European Union. [166]
 Bulgaria 1 Bulgaria–European Economic Community Interim Agreement 8 March 1993 31 December 1993 1 February 1995 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with Bulgaria. Europe Association Agreement [167]
File:Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg Czech and Slovak Federative Republic/Czech Republic[lower-alpha 32] 1 Czech and Slovak Federal Republic–European Communities Europe Association Agreement 16 December 1991 1 March 1992 1 February 1995 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive Association Agreement with the Czech Republic. Europe Association Agreement [168][169]
 Romania 1 European Economic Community–Romania Interim Agreement 1 February 1993 1 May 1993 1 February 1995 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with Romania. Europe Association Agreement [170][171]
 Turkey 1 European Economic Community–Turkey Association Agreement 30 June 1973 1 January 1974 1 January 1996 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by a customs union with Turkey. Customs Union [172]
 Slovenia 1 European Economic Community–Slovenia Cooperation Agreement 5 April 1993 19 July 1993 1 January 1997 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with Slovenia. Interim Agreement [173]
 Faroe Islands 1 European Economic Community–Faroe Islands Agreement 2 December 1991 1 January 1992 1 January 1997 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with the Faroe Islands. File:Flag of Faroe Islands.svg Agreement [174]
 Tunisia 1 European Economic Community–Tunisia Cooperation Agreement 25 April 1976 1 November 1978 1 March 1998 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Tunisia. Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement [175][176]
 Morocco 1 European Economic Community–Morocco Cooperation Agreement 27 April 1976 1 November 1978 1 March 2000 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Morocco. Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement [177][178]
 Israel 1 European Economic Community–Israel Agreement 11 May 1975 1 July 1975 1 June 2000 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Israel. Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement [179][180]
 Jordan 1 European Economic Community–Jordan Cooperation Agreement 18 January 1977 1 November 1978 1 May 2002 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Jordan. Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement [181][182]
 Lebanon 1 European Economic Community–Lebanon Cooperation Agreement 3 May 1977 1 November 1978 1 March 2003 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Lebanon. Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement [183][184]
 Cyprus 1 Cyprus–European Economic Community Association Agreement 19 December 1972 1 June 1973 1 May 2004 Goods CU The agreement was terminated due to the Cyprus's accession to the European Union.  European Union [185][186]
 Czech Republic 1 Czech Republic–European Communities Europe Association Agreement 4 October 1993 1 February 1995 1 May 2004 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The agreement was terminated due to the Czech Republic's accession to the European Union. [187][188]
 Estonia 1 Estonia–European Communities Europe Association Agreement 18 July 1994 1 January 1995 1 May 2004 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The agreement was terminated due to Estonia's accession to the European Union. [189][190]
 Hungary 1 European Communities–Hungary Europe Association Agreement 16 December 1991 1 February 1994 1 May 2004 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The agreement was terminated due to the Hungary's accession to the European Union. [191]
 Latvia 1 European Communities–Latvia Europe Association Agreement 18 July 1994 1 January 1995 1 May 2004 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The agreement was terminated due to Latvia's accession to the European Union. [192][193]
 Lithuania 1 European Communities–Lithuania Europe Association Agreement 18 July 1994 1 January 1995 1 May 2004 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The agreement was terminated due to Lithuania's accession to the European Union. [194][195]
 Malta 1 European Communities–Malta Europe Association Agreement N/A 1 January 1973 1 May 2004 Goods CU The UK's accession to the European Economic Community coincided with the UK joining this agreement.
The agreement was terminated due to Malta's accession to the European Union. 		[196][197]
 Poland 1 European Communities–Poland Europe Association Agreement 16 December 1991 1 February 1994 1 May 2004 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The agreement was terminated due to Poland's accession to the European Union. [198]
 Slovenia 1 European Communities–Slovenia Interim Agreement 11 November 1996 1 January 1997 1 May 2004 Goods FTA The agreement was terminated due to Slovenia's accession to the European Union. [199]
1 European Communities–Slovenia Europe Association Agreement 10 June 1996 1 February 1999 1 May 2004 Services EIA The agreement was terminated due to Slovenia's accession to the European Union. [200][201]
 Slovakia 1 European Communities–Slovakia Europe Association Agreement 4 October 1993 1 February 1995 1 May 2004 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The agreement was terminated due to Slovakia's accession to the European Union. [202][203]
 Egypt 1 Egypt–European Economic Community Cooperation Agreement 18 January 1977 1 November 1978 1 June 2004 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Egypt. Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement [204][205]
 Algeria 1 Algeria–European Economic Community Cooperation Agreement 26 April 1976 1 July 1976 1 September 2005 Goods FTA The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Algeria. Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement [206][207]
 Bulgaria 1 Bulgaria–European Communities Europe Association Agreement 8 March 1993 1 February 1995 1 January 2007 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The agreement was terminated due to Bulgaria's accession to the European Union.  European Union [208][209]
 Romania 1 European Communities–Romania Europe Association Agreement 1 February 1993 1 February 1995 1 January 2007 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The agreement was terminated due to Romania's accession to the European Union. [210][211]
 Croatia 1 Croatia–European Communities Stabilisation and Association Agreement 29 October 2001 1 March 2002 1 July 2013 Goods & Services[lower-alpha 33] FTA & EIA The agreement was terminated due to Croatia's accession to the European Union. [212][213]
 Albania 1 Albania–European Communities Stabilisation and Association Agreement 12 June 2006 1 April 2009 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Albania on 5 February 2021. Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement [214][215]
 Algeria 1 Algeria–European Community Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement 22 April 2002 1 September 2005 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK has no free trade agreement with Algeria. none [216][217]
 Andorra 1 Andorra–European Economic Community Agreement N/A 1 July 1991 1 January 2021 Goods CU The UK and the European Union agreed that Andorra–UK trade would be covered by the Trade and Cooperation Agreement. Trade and Cooperation Agreement [218][219]
 Armenia 1 Armenia–European Union Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement 24 November 2017 1 June 2018 1 January 2021 Services EIA The UK has no free trade agreement with Armenia. none [220][221]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Bosnia and Herzegovina–European Communities Stabilisation and Association Agreement 16 June 2008 1 June 2015 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK has no free trade agreement with Bosnia and Herzegovina. none [222][223][96]
 Cameroon 1 Central Africa Party–European Community Economic Partnership Agreement 15 January 2009 4 August 2014 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Cameroon on 28 December 2020. Economic Partnership Agreement [224][225]
 Canada 1 Canada–European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement 30 October 2016 21 September 2017 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Canada on 8 December 2020. Trade Continuity Agreement [226][227]
CARIFORUM
 Antigua and Barbuda
 Bahamas
 Barbados
 Belize
 Dominica
 Dominican Republic
 Grenada
 Guyana
 Jamaica
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Saint Lucia
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 Suriname
 Trinidad and Tobago 		14 CARIFORUM–European Community Economic Partnership Agreement 15 October 2008 29 December 2008 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with the CARIFORUM states on 22 March 2019. CARIFORUM–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement [228][229]
Central America
 Costa Rica
 El Salvador
 Guatemala
 Honduras
 Nicaragua
 Panama 		6 Central America–European Union Association Agreement 29 June 2012 1 August 2013[lower-alpha 34] 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Central America on 18 July 2019. Central America–United Kingdom Association Agreement [230][231]
 Chile 1 Chile–European Community Association Agreement 18 November 2002 1 February 2003 1 January 2021 Goods & Services[lower-alpha 35] FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Chile on 30 January 2019. Association Agreement [232][233]
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru 		3 Colombia, Ecuador and Peru–European Union Trade Agreement 26 June 2012[lower-alpha 36] 1 March 2013[lower-alpha 37] 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Colombia, Ecuador and Peru states on 15 May 2019. Andean Countries–United Kingdom Trade Agreement [234][235]
Eastern and Southern Africa
 Comoros
 Madagascar
 Mauritius
File:Flag of the Seychelles.svg Seychelles
 Zimbabwe 		5 Eastern and Southern Africa–European Community Economic Partnership Agreement 29 August 2009 14 May 2012 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with the Eastern and Southern Africa states on 31 January 2019. Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement [236][237]
 Egypt 1 Egypt–European Communities Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement 25 June 2001 1 June 2004 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Egypt on 5 December 2020. Association Agreement [238][239]
 Faroe Islands 1 European Community–Faroe Islands Agreement 6 December 1996 1 January 1997 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with the Faroe Islands on 31 January 2019. File:Flag of Faroe Islands.svg Free Trade Agreement [240][241]
 Georgia 1 European Union–Georgia Association Agreement 27 June 2014 1 September 2014 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Georgia on 21 October 2019. Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement [242][243]
 Ghana 1 European Community–Ghana Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement 28 July 2016 15 December 2016 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Ghana on 2 March 2021. Interim Trade Partnership Agreement [244][245]
 Iceland 1 European Economic Community–Iceland Agreement 19 December 1972 1 April 1973 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Iceland on 8 December 2020. Iceland–Norway–UK Trade Agreement [246]
 Israel 1 European Communities–Israel Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement 20 November 1995 1 June 2000 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Israel on 18 February 2019. Trade and Partnership Agreement [247][248]
 Ivory Coast 1 European Community–Ivory Coast Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement 26 November 2008 3 September 2016 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Ivory Coast on 15 October 2020. File:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement [249][250]
 Japan 1 European Union–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement 17 July 2018 1 February 2019 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a new free trade agreement with Japan on 23 October 2020. Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement [251][252]
 Jordan 1 European Communities–Jordan Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement 24 November 1997 1 May 2002 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Jordan on 5 November 2019. Association Agreement [253][254]
 Kosovo 1 European Union–Kosovo Stabilisation and Association Agreement 27 October 2015 1 April 2016 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Kosovo on 3 December 2019. Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement
 Lebanon 1 European Community–Lebanon Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement 17 June 2002 1 March 2003 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Lebanon on 19 September 2019. Association Agreement [255][256]
 Liechtenstein
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland 		2 European Economic Community–Switzerland Agreement N/A 1 January 1973 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK's accession to the European Economic Community coincided with the UK joining this agreement.
The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Liechtenstein and Switzerland on 8 December 2020. 		Switzerland–Liechtenstein–United Kingdom Trade Agreement [257][258]
 Mexico 1 European Community–Mexico Economic Partnership, Political Coordination and Cooperation Agreement 8 December 1997 1 July 2000 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Mexico on 15 December 2020. Trade Continuity Agreement [259][260]
 Moldova 1 European Union–Moldova Association Agreement 27 June 2014 1 September 2014 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Moldova on 24 December 2020. Strategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement [261][262]
 Montenegro 1 European Communities–Montenegro Stabilisation and Association Agreement 15 October 2007 1 May 2010 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK has no free trade agreement with Montenegro. none [263][264][96]
 Morocco 1 European Community–Morocco Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement 26 February 1996 1 March 2000 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Morocco on 26 October 2019. Association Agreement [265][266]
 North Macedonia 1 European Communities–Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Stabilisation and Association Agreement 9 April 2001 1 June 2001 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with North Macedonia on 3 December 2020. Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement [267][268]
 Norway 1 European Economic Community–Norway Agreement N/A 1 January 1973 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK's accession to the European Economic Community coincided with the UK joining this agreement.
The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Norway on 8 December 2020. 		Iceland–Norway–UK Trade Agreement [269][270]
Overseas Countries and Territories
 Anguilla
 Aruba
 Bermuda
 Bonaire
Template:Country data British Antarctic Territory
File:Flag of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg British Indian Ocean Territory
 British Virgin Islands
 Cayman Islands
 Curaçao
 Falkland Islands
 French Polynesia
Template:Country data French Southern and Antarctic Lands
 Greenland
 Montserrat
 New Caledonia
 Pitcairn Islands
 Saba
 Saint Barthélemy
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon
 Sint Eustatius
 Sint Maarten
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Wallis and Futuna 		24 European Union–Overseas Countries and Territories Free Trade Agreement 27 November 2001 2 December 2001 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK has no free trade agreement with any of the EU Overseas Countries and Territories. none [271][272][273]
Pacific States
 Fiji
 Papua New Guinea
 Samoa
 Solomon Islands 		4 European Community–Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement 30 July 2009[lower-alpha 38] 20 December 2009[lower-alpha 39] 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with the Pacific States on 14 March 2019. Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement [274][275]
Template:Country data Palestinian Authority 1 European Community–Palestinian Authority Euro-Mediterranean Interim Association Agreement 24 February 1997 1 July 1997 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with the Palestinian Authority on 18 February 2019. Political, Trade and Partnership Agreement [276][277]
 San Marino 1 European Economic Community–San Marino Cooperation and Customs Union Agreement 16 December 1991 1 April 2002 1 January 2021 Goods CU The UK and the European Union agreed that San Marino–UK trade would be covered by the Trade and Cooperation Agreement. Trade and Cooperation Agreement [278][279]
 Serbia 1 European Communities–Serbia Stabilisation and Association Agreement 29 April 2008 1 February 2010 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Serbia on 16 April 2021. Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement [280][281]
 Singapore 1 European Union–Singapore Free Trade Agreement 19 October 2018 21 November 2019 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Singapore on 10 December 2020. Free Trade Agreement [282][283]
 South Africa 1 European Community–South Africa Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement 11 October 1999 1 January 2000 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with South Africa on 16 October 2019. Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique–UK Economic Partnership Agreement [284][285]
 South Korea 1 European Union–South Korea Free Trade Agreement 6 October 2010 1 July 2011 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with South Korea on 22 August 2019. Trade Agreement [286][287]
Southern African Development Community
 Botswana
 Eswatini
 Lesotho
 Mozambique
 Namibia
 South Africa 		6 European Union–Southern African Development Community Economic Partnership Agreement 10 June 2016 10 October 2016[lower-alpha 40] 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Mozambique and the Southern African Customs Union on 9 October 2019. Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique–UK Economic Partnership Agreement [288][289]
Template:Country data Ba'athist Syria 1 European Economic Community–Syria Cooperation Agreement 18 January 1977 1 July 1977 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK has no free trade agreement with Syria. none [290][291]
 Tunisia 1 European Communities–Tunisia Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement 7 July 1995 1 March 1998 1 January 2021 Goods FTA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Tunisia on 4 October 2019. Association Agreement [292][293]
 Turkey 1 European Economic Community–Turkey Customs Union 6 March 1995 1 January 1996 1 January 2021 Goods CU The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Turkey on 29 December 2020. Trade Agreement [294][295]
 Ukraine 1 European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement 27 June 2014 23 April 2014 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Ukraine on 8 October 2020. Political, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement [296][297]
 Vietnam 1 European Union–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement 30 June 2019 1 August 2020 1 January 2021 Goods & Services FTA & EIA The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Vietnam on 29 December 2020. Free Trade Agreement [298][299]

Largest trading partners

Export and import markets for goods and services in 2024, seasonally adjusted
Figures in £billions sterling
Exports Imports
Rank Trade partner £billions % of total Rank Trade partner £billions % of total
European Union 366.3 41.0% European Union 459.5 50.0%
1. United States[lower-alpha 41] 196.3 22.5% 1. United States 118.3 13.1%
2. Germany (EU member) 61.1 7.0% 2. Germany (EU member) 85.3 9.4%
3. Ireland (EU member) 51.6 5.9% 3. File:Flag of China.svg China 68.7 7.6%
4. Netherlands (EU member) 50.8 5.8% 4. Netherlands (EU member) 59.8 6.6%
5. France (EU member) 46.2 5.3% 5. France (EU member) 58.0 6.4%
6. File:Flag of China.svg China 29.7 3.4% 6. Spain (EU member) 44.5 4.9%
7. Belgium (EU member) 26.0 3.0% 7. Belgium (EU member) 34.7 3.8%
8. Switzerland (EFTA ) 25.5 2.9% 8. Italy (EU member) 34.4 3.8%
9. Spain (EU member) 20.1 2.3% 9. Ireland (EU member) 30.4 3.4%
10. Italy (EU member) 18.5 2.1% 10. Norway (EFTA) 28.4 3.1%
EU 366.3 41.0% EU 459.5 50.0%
Non EU 526.9 59.0% Non EU 459.2 50.0%
World 893.2 100% World 918.7 100%

Historically, WTO imports and exports are based on the rule of origin, while EU imports/exports are based on single market statistics.

The figures above are for 2024[300]

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See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Trade with Colombia entered into force on 28 June 2022.[10]
  2. ↑ The agreement only covered goods until 1 April 2021 when it expanded to cover services.[15]
  3. ↑ Trinidad and Tobago signed on 1 April 2019.
    Dominican Republic signed on 4 April 2019.
    Antigua and Barbuda signed on 6 June 2019.
    The Bahamas signed on 27 November 2019.
    Suriname signed on 4 March 2021.[16]
  4. ↑ Trade with Suriname entered into force on 5 March 2021.[17]
  5. ↑ Madagascar signed the agreement on 4 November 2021.[24]
  6. ↑ Trade with Madagascar entered into force on 1 August 2024.[24]
  7. ↑ This figure was published prior to Madagascar's accession to the Economic Partnership Agreement; thus excludes trade with Madagascar.
  8. ↑ As an integral part of the EU Customs Union, Akrotiri and Dhekelia-UK trade is covered by this agreement.
  9. ↑ Under the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the UK and the EU have agreed that Andorra be treated as a member of the EUCU. Therefore, Andorra-UK trade is covered by this agreement.[1]
  10. ↑ As an integral part of the EU Customs Union, Monaco-UK trade is covered by this agreement.
  11. ↑ Under the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the UK and the EU have agreed that San Marino be treated as a member of the EUCU. Therefore, San Marino-UK trade is covered by this agreement.[1]
  12. ↑ This agreement covers the 27 EU members, additionally it governs UK trade with Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia.[1]
  13. ↑ Due to the Swiss-Liechtenstein customs union, goods from Liechtenstein are governed in the Switzerland–Liechtenstein–UK FTA.
  14. ↑ This figure only represents trade value between the UK and the cumulative value of Iceland and Norway. Liechtenstein trade accounts for 168m but is divided between two agreements.[1]
  15. ↑ This treaty only governs Liechtenstein's goods due to the Swiss-Liechtenstein customs union. Liechtenstein–UK trade is governed by the Iceland–Liechtenstein–Norway–UK FTA.[43]
  16. ↑ This figure only represents trade value between the UK and Switzerland. Liechtenstein trade accounts for 168m but is divided between two agreements.[1]
  17. ↑ Samoa signed the agreement on 11 January 2021[54]
    The Solomon Islands signed the agreement on 5 January 2021[55]
  18. ↑ Trade with Samoa and the Solomon Islands entered into force on 31 March 2022.[56]
  19. ↑ Expanded upon by the Singapore–UK Digital Economy Agreement to cover digital trade, after entering into force on 14 June 2022.[61][62]
  20. ↑ South Africa signed the agreement on 16 October 2019.[67]
  21. ↑ Expanded upon by the Ukraine–UK Digital Trade Agreement to cover digital trade, after entering into force on 1 September 2024.[74][75]
  22. ↑ Has not yet ratified the UK’s accession to CPTPP.
  23. ↑ Trade with Australia entered into force on 24 December 2024.
    Trade with Mexico entered into force on 22 June 2026.
  24. ↑ This figure only accounts for UK trade with 7 CPTPP member states, excluding Canada and Mexico due to late ratifications of the treaty.
  25. ↑ Iceland signed the agreement on 4 December 1969.[130]
  26. ↑ Trade with Iceland entered into force on 1 March 1970.[130]
    Trade with Liechtenstein entered into force on 1 September 1991.
  27. ↑ German reunification took place in 1990
  28. ↑ Greece signed the agreement on 28 May 1979.[133]
    Portugal and Spain signed the agreement on 12 June 1985.[134]
  29. ↑ Greece acceded to the European Economic Community on 1 January 1981.[133]
    Portugal and Spain acceded to the European Economic Community on 1 January 1986.[134]
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Austria, Finland, and Sweden signed the agreement on 24 June 1994.[137]
    Cyprus, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia signed the agreement on 16 April 2003.[138]
    Bulgaria and Romania signed the agreement on 25 April 2005.[139]
    Croatia signed the agreement on 9 December 2011.[140]
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Austria, Finland, and Sweden acceded to the European Union on 1 January 1995.[137]
    Cyprus, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia acceded to the European Union on 1 May 2004.[138]
    Bulgaria and Romania acceded to the European Union on 1 January 2007.[139]
    Croatia acceded to the European Union on 1 July 2013.[140]
  32. ↑ Dissolution of Czechoslovakia took place in 1993.
  33. ↑ The agreement only covered goods until 1 February 2005 when it expanded to cover services.
  34. ↑ Trade with Costa Rica and El Salvador entered into force on 1 October 2013.
    Trade with Guatemala entered into force on 1 December 2013.
  35. ↑ The agreement only covered goods until 1 March 2005 when it expanded to cover services.
  36. ↑ Ecuador signed the agreement on 1 January 2017.
  37. ↑ Trade with Ecuador entered into force on 11 November 2016.
  38. ↑ Fiji signed the agreement on 11 December 2009.
  39. ↑ Trade with Fiji entered into force on 28 July 2014.
    Trade with Samoa entered into force on 31 December 2018.
    Trade with the Solomon Islands entered into force on 17 May 2020.
  40. ↑ Trade with Mozambique entered into force on 4 February 2018.
  41. ↑ including Puerto Rico

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Department for International Trade (3 November 2022). "UK trade agreements in effect". https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-trade-agreements-in-effect. 
  2. ↑ Eiser, David; McEwen, Nicola; Roy, Graeme (7 April 2021). "The Trade Policies of Brexit Britain: the Influence of and Impacts on the Devolved Nations". Brill Publishers. https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/eris/8/1/article-p22_22.pdf. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Regional Agreements Database (United Kingdom)". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicSearchByMemberResult.aspx?MemberCode=826&lang=1&redirect=1. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Department for International Trade (2 March 2020). "The UK's trade agreements". https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/the-uks-trade-agreements. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Webb, Dominic (5 September 2025). Progress on UK free trade agreement negotiations (Report). https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9314/. Retrieved 21 October 2025. 
  6. ↑ BBC News (13 November 2019). "Election 2019: A short guide to devolution in the UK". https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50379039. 
  7. ↑ "First meeting of government trade advisory group". 6 June 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-meeting-of-government-trade-advisory-group. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "UK Treaties". 2 July 2013. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-treaties.  30px Text was copied from this source, which is available under an Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
  9. ↑ GOV.UK (20 December 2024). "UK trade in numbers (web version)". https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-trade-in-numbers/uk-trade-in-numbers-web-version. 
  10. ↑ "United Kingdom - Colombia, Ecuador and Peru". http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=1096. 
  11. ↑ "UK signs trade continuity agreement with Colombia, Ecuador and Peru". 15 May 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-trade-continuity-agreement-with-colombia-ecuador-and-peru. 
  12. ↑ Taj, Mitra (15 May 2019). "Peru, Ecuador and Colombia sign trade deal with UK ahead of Brexit". Lima. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brexit-peru-idUSKCN1SL2LW. 
  13. ↑ "United Kingdom and Cameroon secure Economic Partnership Agreement". 30 December 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/united-kingdom-and-cameroon-secure-economic-partnership-agreement. 
  14. ↑ Cotton, Barney (4 January 2021). "UK and Cameroon secure Economic Partnership Agreement". https://www.businessleader.co.uk/uk-and-cameroon-secure-economic-partnership-agreement/. 
  15. ↑ "United Kingdom - Canada". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=1133. 
  16. ↑ "United Kingdom - CARIFORUM States". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=1097. 
  17. ↑ "Suriname signs CARIFORUM-UK EPA". 5 March 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/suriname-signs-cariforum-uk-epa. 
  18. ↑ "UK signs trade continuity agreement with Caribbean countries". 22 March 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-trade-continuity-agreement-with-caribbean-countries. 
  19. ↑ Partington, Richard (22 March 2019). "UK secures post-Brexit trade deal with group of Caribbean countries". https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/uk-secures-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-group-of-caribbean-countries. 
  20. ↑ Foreign and Commonwealth Office (18 July 2019). "UK and Central America sign continuity agreement". https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-central-america-sign-continuity-agreement. 
  21. ↑ Cotton, Barney (19 July 2019). "UK and Central America sign continuity agreement". Business Leader. https://www.businessleader.co.uk/uk-and-central-america-sign-continuity-agreement/. 
  22. ↑ "UK and Chile sign continuity agreement". 30 January 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-chile-sign-continuity-agreement. 
  23. ↑ Mander, Benedict (1 February 2019). "Is Chile a Brexit seer?". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/54c17880-263f-11e9-8ce6-5db4543da632. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Department for International Trade (6 February 2019). "ESA-UK economic partnership agreement (EPA)". https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/esa-uk-economic-partnership-agreement-epa--2. 
  25. ↑ "UK signs Eastern and Southern Africa trade continuity agreement". 31 January 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-eastern-and-southern-africa-trade-continuity-agreement. 
  26. ↑ AfBC News (5 November 2020). "UK Trade with Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) from 1 Jan 2021". https://african-chamber.com/news/f/uk-trade-with-eastern-and-southern-africa-esa-from-1-jan-2021?blogcategory=Africa. 
  27. ↑ "UK and Georgia sign trade continuity and strategic cooperation agreement". 21 October 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-georgia-sign-trade-continuity-and-strategic-cooperation-agreement. 
  28. ↑ Mammadova, Tamilla (10 February 2020). "Georgia ratifies free trade agreement with UK". Baku. https://en.trend.az/business/economy/3189742.html. 
  29. ↑ "UK signs Trade Partnership Agreement with Ghana". GOV.UK. 2 March 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-trade-partnership-agreement-with-ghana. 
  30. ↑ Ghanaian Times (2 March 2021). "Ghana, UK to sign new trade agreement today". Ghanaian Times (Accra, Ghana). https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghana-uk-to-sign-new-trade-agreement-today/. 
  31. ↑ "United Kingdom signs free trade deal with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein". 8 July 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/united-kingdom-signs-free-trade-deal-with-norway-iceland-and-liechtenstein. 
  32. ↑ Morris, Chris (4 June 2021). "Brexit: UK announces trade deal with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein". https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-57347874. 
  33. ↑ "UK and Israel sign trade continuity agreement". 18 February 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-israel-sign-trade-continuity-agreement. 
  34. ↑ Odenheimer, Alisa (18 February 2019). "U.K to Sign Post-Brexit Trade Continuity Accord with Israel". https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-18/u-k-to-sign-post-brexit-trade-continuity-accord-with-israel. 
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  36. ↑ Ballard, Oli (20 October 2020). "The UK and Ivory Coast sign Economic Partnership Agreement". https://www.businessleader.co.uk/the-uk-and-ivory-coast-sign-economic-partnership-agreement/. 
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  43. ↑ "UK-Switzerland-Liechtenstein Trade Agreement". 28 February 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-switzerland-liechtenstein-trade-agreement. 
  44. ↑ "UK and Switzerland sign trade continuity agreement". 11 February 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-switzerland-sign-trade-continuity-agreement. 
  45. ↑ Pickard, Jim (11 February 2019). "UK signs biggest trade deal since Brexit vote with Switzerland". https://www.ft.com/content/2341f6e8-2dd5-11e9-ba00-0251022932c8. 
  46. ↑ "UK and Mexico sign trade deal'". 15 December 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-mexico-sign-trade-deal. 
  47. ↑ James, William (15 December 2020). "Britain and Mexico agree deal on post-Brexit trade". London. https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-mexico-trade/britain-and-mexico-agree-deal-on-post-brexit-trade-idUKL1N2IV13M. 
  48. ↑ "UK and Moldova sign Strategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement". 24 December 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-moldova-sign-strategic-partnership-trade-and-cooperation-agreement. 
  49. ↑ Moldpres (19 August 2021). "Moldova, United Kingdom to sign agreement on strategic partnership". https://www.moldpres.md/en/news/2021/08/19/21006060. 
  50. ↑ "UK and New Zealand sign comprehensive trade deal". 28 February 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-new-zealand-sign-comprehensive-trade-deal. 
  51. ↑ Robinson, James (31 May 2023). "UK to send signed Beano copies to Australia and New Zealand to mark start of post-Brexit trade deals". https://news.sky.com/story/uk-to-send-signed-beano-copies-to-australia-and-new-zealand-to-mark-start-of-post-brexit-trade-deals-12893435. 
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  53. ↑ LexisNexis (3 December 2020). "Beyond Brexit—UK-North Macedonia Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement signed". https://www.lexisnexis.co.uk/blog/brexit/beyond-brexit-uk-north-macedonia-partnership-trade-cooperation-agreement-signed. 
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  55. ↑ Web Admin (5 January 2021). "Solomon Islands Accession onto the UK-Pacific interim Economic Partnership Agreement". http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/media-center/press-releases/external-trade-news/211-si-accession-uk-pacific-interim-epa.html. 
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  57. ↑ Department for International Trade (14 March 2019). "UK and Pacific Islands sign trade continuity agreement". https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-pacific-islands-sign-trade-continuity-agreement. 
  58. ↑ Partington, Richard (14 March 2019). "UK signs post-Brexit trade deal with Fiji and Papua New Guinea". https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/14/uk-signs-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-fiji-and-papua-new-guinea. 
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  62. ↑ Ong, Justin (15 June 2022). "UK-Singapore digital economy deal enters into force". Singapore. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/uk-singapore-digital-economy-deal-enters-into-force. 
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  161. ↑ "EC - Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of, Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=284. 
  162. ↑ "EC - Finland Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=245. 
  163. ↑ "EC - Hungary Interim Agreement of 1991". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=249. 
  164. ↑ "EC - Poland Interim Agreement of 1991". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=265. 
  165. ↑ "EC - Austria Agreement of 1972". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=234. 
  166. ↑ "EC - Sweden Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=276. 
  167. ↑ "EC - Bulgaria Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=236. 
  168. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1992058&DocLanguage=en. 
  169. ↑ "EC - Czech and Slovak Federal Republic Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=238. 
  170. ↑ "Interim Agreement on Trade and Trade related Matters between the European Economic Community and the European Coal and Steel Community, of the one part, and Romania, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1993002. 
  171. ↑ "EC - Romania Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=269. 
  172. ↑ "EC - Türkiye Association Agreement of 1973". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=283. 
  173. ↑ "EC - Slovenia Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=272. 
  174. ↑ "EC - Faeroe Islands Agreement of 1992". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=244. 
  175. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Tunisia". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1976012. 
  176. ↑ "EC - Tunisia Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=279. 
  177. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Kingdom of Morocco". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1976011. 
  178. ↑ "EC - Morocco Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=261. 
  179. ↑ "Agreement between the European Economic Community and the State of Israel". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=1975004. 
  180. ↑ "EC - Israel Agreement of 1975". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=251. 
  181. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=1977006. 
  182. ↑ "EC - Jordan Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=252. 
  183. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Lebanese Republic". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=1977005. 
  184. ↑ "EC - Lebanon Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=256. 
  185. ↑ "Agreement establishing an Association between the Republic of Cyprus and the European Economic Community". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1972002. 
  186. ↑ "EC - Cyprus Association Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=237. 
  187. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Czech Republic, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1993052. 
  188. ↑ "EC - Czech Republic Europe Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=239. 
  189. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Estonia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995035. 
  190. ↑ "EC - Estonia Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=243. 
  191. ↑ "EC - Hungary Europe Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=248. 
  192. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Latvia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995033. 
  193. ↑ "EC - Latvia Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=254. 
  194. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Lithuania, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995034. 
  195. ↑ "EC - Lithuania". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=258. 
  196. ↑ "Agreement establishing an association between the European Economic Community and Malta". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1970001. 
  197. ↑ "EC - Malta Association Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=259. 
  198. ↑ "EC - Poland Europe Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=264. 
  199. ↑ "EC - Slovenia Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=274. 
  200. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Slovenia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995071. 
  201. ↑ "EC - Slovenia Europe Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=273. 
  202. ↑ Foreign & Commonwealth Office (12 January 1994). "Europe agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and the Slovak Republic". https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/europe-agreement-establishing-an-association-between-the-european-communities-and-the-slovak-republic. 
  203. ↑ "EC - Slovak Republic Europe Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=270. 
  204. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Arab Republic of Egypt". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1976010. 
  205. ↑ "EC - Egypt Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=241. 
  206. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1976010. 
  207. ↑ "EC - Algeria". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=232. 
  208. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Bulgaria, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1993009. 
  209. ↑ "EC - Bulgaria Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=235. 
  210. ↑ Foreign & Commonwealth Office (27 August 1993). "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and Romania: Cm 2292". https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/europe-agreement-establishing-an-association-between-the-european-communities-and-romania-cm-2292. 
  211. ↑ "EC - Romania Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=268. 
  212. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Croatia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2006040. 
  213. ↑ "EU - Croatia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=67. 
  214. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Albania, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2006040. 
  215. ↑ "EU - Albania". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=12. 
  216. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement between the European Community and its Members States, of the one part, and the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, of the other part". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2002036. 
  217. ↑ "EU - Algeria". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=18. 
  218. ↑ "Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Economic Community and the Principality of Andorra". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1990030. 
  219. ↑ "EU - Andorra". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=109. 
  220. ↑ "Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Armenia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2017024&DocLanguage=en. 
  221. ↑ "EU - Armenia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=849. 
  222. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, of the other part". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008023. 
  223. ↑ "EU - Bosnia and Herzegovina". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=564. 
  224. ↑ "Interim agreement with a view to an Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Central Africa Party, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008059&DocLanguage=en. 
  225. ↑ "EU - Cameroon". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=680. 
  226. ↑ "Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada, of the one part, and the European Union and its Member States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2016017&DocLanguage=en. 
  227. ↑ "EU - Canada". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=619. 
  228. ↑ "Economic Partnership Agreement between the CARIFORUM States, of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008034&DocLanguage=en. 
  229. ↑ "EU - CARIFORUM States". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=605. 
  230. ↑ "Agreement establishing an Association between the European Union and its Member States, on the one hand, and Central America on the other". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2012001&DocLanguage=en. 
  231. ↑ "EU - Central America". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=676. 
  232. ↑ "Agreement establishing an Association between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Chile, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2002086. 
  233. ↑ "EU - Chile (Association Agreement)". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=33. 
  234. ↑ "Trade Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Colombia and Peru, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2011057&DocLanguage=en. 
  235. ↑ "EU - Colombia, Ecuador and Peru". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=692. 
  236. ↑ "Interim Agreement establishing a framework for an Economic Partnership Agreement between the Eastern and Southern Africa States, on the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, on the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2001033. 
  237. ↑ "EU - Eastern and Southern Africa States". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=469. 
  238. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Arab Republic of Egypt, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2001033. 
  239. ↑ "EU - Egypt". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=44. 
  240. ↑ "Agreement between the European Community, of the one part, and the Government of Denmark and the Home Government of the Faroe Islands, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1996089. 
  241. ↑ "EU - Faeroe Islands". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=112. 
  242. ↑ "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Georgia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2014007. 
  243. ↑ "EU - Georgia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=848. 
  244. ↑ "Stepping stone Economic Partnership Agreement between Ghana, of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008064&DocLanguage=en. 
  245. ↑ "EU - Ghana". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=1002. 
  246. ↑ "EU - Iceland". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=143. 
  247. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the State of Israel, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995061. 
  248. ↑ "EU - Israel". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=93. 
  249. ↑ "Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement between Côte d'Ivoire, of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008063&DocLanguage=en. 
  250. ↑ "EU - Côte d'Ivoire". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=623. 
  251. ↑ "Agreement between the European Union and Japan for an Economic Partnership". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2018022&DocLanguage=en. 
  252. ↑ "EU - Japan". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=836. 
  253. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1997126. 
  254. ↑ "EU - Jordan". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=68. 
  255. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Community and its Members States, of the one part, and the Republic of Lebanon, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2002037. 
  256. ↑ "EU - Lebanon". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=63. 
  257. ↑ "Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Swiss Confederation". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1972003. 
  258. ↑ "EU - Switzerland - Liechtenstein". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=144. 
  259. ↑ "Economic Partnership, Political Coordination and Cooperation Agreement between the European Community and its Member States of the one part, and the United Mexican States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1997129. 
  260. ↑ "EU - Mexico". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=73. 
  261. ↑ "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Moldova, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2014001. 
  262. ↑ "EU - Moldova". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=850. 
  263. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States of the one part, and the Republic of Montenegro, of the other part". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2007070. 
  264. ↑ "EU - Montenegro". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=154. 
  265. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1996003. 
  266. ↑ "EU - Morocco". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=92. 
  267. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2001014. 
  268. ↑ "EU - North Macedonia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=77. 
  269. ↑ "COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) No 2960/76 of 22 July 1976 approving the Agreement in the form of an exchange of letters amending Annex A to Protocol 1 to the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Kingdom of Norway". 7 December 1976. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/1976/2960/pdfs/eur_19762960_adopted_en.pdf. 
  270. ↑ "EU - Norway". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=142. 
  271. ↑ "Council Decision 2013/755/EU of 25 November 2013 on the association of the overseas countries and territories with the European Union". 19 December 2013. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:344:0001:0118:EN:PDF. 
  272. ↑ "EU – Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT)". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=148. 
  273. ↑ Trevelyan, Anne-Marie (27 January 2022). "UK-Greenland Free Trade Agreement Negotiations". https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2022-01-27/debates/22012735000013/UK-GreenlandFreeTradeAgreementNegotiations. 
  274. ↑ "Interim Partnership Agreement between the European Community, of the one part, and the Pacific States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2009024&DocLanguage=en. 
  275. ↑ "EU - Pacific States". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=759. 
  276. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Interim Association Agreement on Trade and Cooperation between the European Community, of the one part, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) for the benefit of the Palestinian Authority of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1997014. 
  277. ↑ "EU - Palestine". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=111. 
  278. ↑ "Agreement on Cooperation and Customs Union between the European Economic Community and the Republic of San Marino". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1991054. 
  279. ↑ "EU - San Marino". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=386. 
  280. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States of the one part, and the Republic of Montenegro, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2007137. 
  281. ↑ "EU - Serbia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=712&lang=1&redirect=1. 
  282. ↑ "Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2018028&DocLanguage=en. 
  283. ↑ "EU - Singapore". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=847. 
  284. ↑ "Agreement on Trade, Development and Cooperation between the European Community and its Member States, on the one part, and the Republic of South Africa, on the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1999056. 
  285. ↑ "EU - South Africa". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=91. 
  286. ↑ "Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Korea, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2010036. 
  287. ↑ "EU - Korea, Republic of". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=167. 
  288. ↑ "Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the SADC EPA States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2016020&DocLanguage=en. 
  289. ↑ "EU - SADC". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=897. 
  290. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Syrian Arab Republic". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1977004. 
  291. ↑ "EU - Syrian Arab Republic". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=138. 
  292. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Tunisia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995041. 
  293. ↑ "EU - Tunisia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=107. 
  294. ↑ "Türkiye". https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/turkiye_en. 
  295. ↑ "EU - Türkiye". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=118. 
  296. ↑ "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2014045. 
  297. ↑ "EU - Ukraine". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=681. 
  298. ↑ "Viet Nam". https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/viet-nam_en. 
  299. ↑ "EU - Viet Nam". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=872. 
  300. ↑ "Official Statistics: Trade and investment core statistics book". 22 November 2024. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/trade-and-investment-core-statistics-book/trade-and-investment-core-statistics-book#top-and-emerging-partner-countries. 

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