Private placement

Private placement (or non-public offering) is a funding round of securities which are sold not through a public offering, but rather through a private offering, mostly to a small number of chosen investors. Generally, these investors include friends and family, accredited investors, and institutional investors.^[1]

PIPE (Private Investment in Public Equity) deals are one type of private placement. SEDA (Standby Equity Distribution Agreement) is also a form of private placement. They are considered to present lower transaction costs for the issuer than public offerings.^[2]

Since private placements are not offered to the general public, they are prospectus exempt. Instead, they are issued through Offering Memorandum. Private placements come with a great deal of administration and have normally been sold through financial institutions such as investment banks. New FinTech companies now offer an automated, online process making it easier to reach potential investors and reduce the administration.

In the United States

Although these placements are subject to the Securities Act of 1933, the securities offered do not have to be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission if the issuance of the securities conforms to an exemption from registrations as set forth in the Securities Act of 1933 and the associated SEC rules put into effect.^[3] Most private placements are offered under the Rules known as Regulation D. Different rules under Regulation D provide stipulations for offering a Private Placement, such as required financial criteria for investors or solicitation allowances.^[4] Private placements may typically consist of offers of common stock or preferred stock or other forms of membership interests, warrants or promissory notes (including convertible promissory notes), bonds, and purchasers are often institutional investors such as banks, insurance companies or pension funds. Common exemptions from the Securities Act of 1933 allow an unlimited number of accredited investors to purchase securities in an offering. Generally, accredited investors are those with a net worth in excess of $1 million or annual income exceeding $200,000 or $300,000 combined with a spouse.^[5] Under these exemptions, no more than 35 non-accredited investors may participate in a private placement.^[6] In most cases, all investors must have sufficient financial knowledge and experience to be capable of evaluating the risks and merits of investing in a company.

Rankings

Thomson Reuters provides annual and semiannual rankings of private placement agencies by capital raised.

Equity & Equity-related (AM1) - First Half 2015
Placement Agents	2015 Rank	2014 Rank	Proceeds	Market Sh (%)	Market Share Ch.
Mercury Capital Advisors LLC	1	1	3,753.8	24.5	7.2
JP Morgan & Co	2	5	2,264.7	14.8	6.1
Bank of America Merrill Lynch	3	2	996.6	6.5	-5.4
Morgan Stanley	4	6	729.3	4.8	-3.3
RBC Capital Markets	5	12	658.0	4.3	2.0
Wells Fargo & Co	6	10	611.0	4.0	1.3
Goldman Sachs & Co	7	4	598.6	3.9	-5.7
Credit Suisse	8	7	566.5	3.7	-1.8
HSBC Holdings PLC	9	13	423.8	2.8	1.3
Jefferies LLC	10	11	406.4	2.7	0
UBS	11	12	344.6	2.3	0.8
Deutsche Bank	12	3	337.1	2.2	-8.1
Barclays	13	9	331.7	2.2	-1
BMO Capital Markets	14	-	325	2.1	2.1
Nomura	15	19	266.7	1.7	1.0