Intergalactic Computer Network
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Intergalactic Computer Network or Galactic Network[1] (IGCN) was a computer networking concept similar to today's Internet.
J.C.R. Licklider, the first director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) at The Pentagon's ARPA, used the term in the early 1960s to refer to a networking system he "imagined as an electronic commons open to all, ‘the main and essential medium of informational interaction for governments, institutions, corporations, and individuals.'"[2][3] An office memorandum he sent to his colleagues in 1963 was addressed to "Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network".[4] As head of IPTO from 1962 to 1964, "Licklider initiated three of the most important developments in information technology: the creation of computer science departments at several major universities, time-sharing, and networking."[3]
Licklider first learned about time-sharing from Christopher Strachey at the inaugural UNESCO Information Processing Conference in Paris in 1959.[5]
By the late 1960s, his promotion of the concept had inspired a primitive version of his vision called ARPANET. ARPANET expanded into a network of networks in the 1970s that became the Internet.[2]
See also
References
- ↑ Leiner, Barry M. (2003-12-10). ""Origins of the Internet" in A Brief History of the Internet version 3.32". The Internet Society. http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml#Origins.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Garreau, Joel (2006). Radical Evolution: The Promise and Peril of Enhancing Our Minds, Our Bodies--and what it Means to be Human. Broadway. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-7679-1503-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=YCuOKOD5nY4C&pg=PA22.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (United States Government)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/745612/Defense-Advanced-Research-Projects-Agency-DARPA#ref829305. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ↑ Licklider, J. C. R. (23 April 1963). "Topics for Discussion at the Forthcoming Meeting, Memorandum For: Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network". Washington, D.C.: Advanced Research Projects Agency, via KurzweilAI.net. http://www.kurzweilai.net/memorandum-for-members-and-affiliates-of-the-intergalactic-computer-network.
- ↑ Gillies, James M.; Gillies, James; Gillies, James and Cailliau Robert; Cailliau, R. (2000) (in en). How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web. Oxford University Press. pp. 13. ISBN 978-0-19-286207-5. https://archive.org/details/howwebwasbornsto00gill.
Further reading
- Jones, Steve (2003). Encyclopedia of New Media. Sage Publications, via Internet Archive limited preview. p. 287. ISBN 0-7619-2382-9. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne00jone. Retrieved 2007-11-03.
- Page, Dan and Cynthia Lee (1999). "Looking Back at Start of a Revolution". UCLA Today (The Regents of the University of California (UC Regents)). http://www.today.ucla.edu/1999/990928looking.html.
- Hauben, Ronda (19 March 2001). "Draft for Comment 1.001, "The Information Processing Techniques Office and the Birth of the Internet"" (Microsoft Word). http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/other/misc/lick101.doc.
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