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SOCRATES (pain assessment)

Topic: Medicine

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 5 min

Short description: Mnemonic acronym for pain evaluation

SOCRATES is a mnemonic acronym used by emergency medical services, physicians, nurses, and other health professionals to evaluate the nature of pain that a patient is experiencing.

Uses

SOCRATES is used to gain an insight into the patient's condition, and to allow the health care provider to develop a plan for dealing with it.[1][2] It can be useful for differentiating between nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain.[3]

Adverse effects

SOCRATES only focuses on the physical effects of pain, and ignores the social and emotional effects of pain.[4]

Procedure

SOCRATES[1][2]
Letter Aspect Example Questions
S Site Where is the pain? Or the maximal site of the pain.
O Onset When did the pain start, and was it sudden or gradual? Include also whether it is progressive or regressive.
C Character What is the pain like? An ache? Stabbing?
R Radiation Does the pain radiate anywhere?
A Associations Any other signs or symptoms associated with the pain?
T Time course Does the pain follow any pattern?
E Exacerbating / relieving factors Does anything change the pain?
S Severity How bad is the pain?

History

SOCRATES is often poorly used by health care providers.[5] Although pain assessments usually cover many or most of the aspects, they rarely included all 8 aspects.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Clayton, Holly A.; Reschak, Gary L. C.; Gaynor, Sandra E.; Creamer, Julie L. (December 2000). "A novel program to assess and manage pain" (in English). Medsurg Nursing 9 (6): 318–312. . PMID 11904868. https://www.proquest.com/openview/46bb9ac56bf80bac2dc895b8cd307e57/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=30764. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Swift, Amelia (1 October 2015). "The importance of assessing pain in adults." (in English). Nursing Times 111 (41): 12–17. PMID 26647478. https://europepmc.org/article/med/26647478. 
  3. ↑ Schofield, Marcia; Shetty, Ashish; Spencer, Michael; Munglani, Rajesh (May 2014). "Pain Managment [sic]: Part 1" (in English). British Journal of Family Medicine 2 (3). https://www.bjfm.co.uk/pain-managment-part-1. 
  4. ↑ Gregory, Julie (2019-08-31). "Use of pain scales and observational pain assessment tools in hospital settings" (in en). Nursing Standard 34 (9): 70–74. doi:10.7748/ns.2019.e11308. ISSN 0029-6570. PMID 31468952. https://journals.rcni.com/doi/10.7748/ns.2019.e11308. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Manna, Aditya; Sarkar, S. K.; Khanra, L. K. (2015-04-01). "PA1 An internal audit into the adequacy of pain assessment in a hospice setting" (in en). BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 5 (Suppl 1): A19–A20. doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-000906.61. ISSN 2045-435X. PMID 25960483. https://spcare.bmj.com/content/5/Suppl_1/A19.3. 



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