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Biological Society of Pakistan

Topic: Organization

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 12 min
Biological Society of Pakistan
IndustryBiological sciences
Founded1949 in Lahore, Pakistan
FounderPakistan Association for the Advancement of Science


The Biological Society of Pakistan is an organization in Pakistan which is engaged in the promotion of learning and research of biology in the region. The Biological Society of Pakistan has been acknowledged at global scale in terms of contribution in classical as well as in emerging modern technological aspects of the biological sciences. Its members mainly consist of those interested in the biological sciences.[1]

It was founded in 1954 by Dr. Sultan Ahmad, Dr. Muzzafar Ahmed, Dr. Abu Bakar, Prof. Ahsan-ul-Islam, and Prof. Waiz Hussain Bokhari.[2][3]

It is hosted by Government College in Lahore, Pakistan.[2][4](pxxxvii)

Its name is sometimes abbreviated to BSP,[5][6][7] or to BSPL, standing for "Biological Society of Pakistan, Lahore".[4](pxxiv) It is also known as the "Society at the Biological Laboratories, Government College, Lahore, Pakistan"[8][9](pi)[10][11][12](p83), or "Biological Society Lahore, Pakistan"[13].

It receives funding from the Pakistan Science Foundation, which is part of the Ministry of Science and Technology.[14]

Introduction

The Biological Society of Pakistan was founded in 1949 under the auspices of the Pakistan Association for the Advancement of Science by a group of biologists mainly stationed at Lahore, Pakistan at the zoology and botany departments of Government College, Lahore, and as well as those at Punjab University, Lahore. The botany and zoology departments of Punjab University and of Government College, Lahore were housed at that time in one building that belonged to Government College, Lahore and were known as Biological Laboratories, Government College, Lahore, Pakistan.[15]

Objectives

The society was started with a charter having the following objectives:

  • The society shall be called Biological Society of Pakistan.
  • The headquarters of the society shall be located in Biological Laboratories of Government College, Lahore, Pakistan.
  • The object of the society shall be promotion of the cause of biological sciences in Pakistan.

The society shall try to realize these objectives by:

  • The publication of the journal to be called Pakistan Journal of Biology.
  • Holding meetings, seminars and congresses to discuss biological problems.
  • Creating facilities for original research in biological sciences.

This society with the above charter was registered under Societies Act XXI of 1860 of the Punjab on 10 April 1955. A total of 142 scientists from all over Pakistan were enrolled initially.[16]

Management

Mian Afzal Hussain was elected as the first president with Nazir Ahmad as secretary and Sher Ahmad Lodhi as its treasurer. This society was mainly concerned with the promotion of learning and research in biology. However, in 1955, the scientists and teachers working in the botany and zoology department at Government College, Lahore and that of Punjab University decided to rename the society the Biological Society of Pakistan and to publish a regular research journal. Ahsan-ul-Islam was assigned the job of framing the bylaws of the society and M. Saleem was assigned the task of enrolling the members of the society. Sultan Ahmad with Muzaffar Ahmad took over the responsibilities of looking after the publication of the journal.[16]

Events

The president of the society, Dr. Anwar Malik, spoke at the "First National Conference on Biology" at Government College, on March 29 or 30, 2002.[17]

The society collaborated with the Eco-Science Foundation at Government College University (GCU) to organize the third International Conference on Biosciences (ICBS-2018), focusing on sustainable food production, for three days starting on May 9, 2018. The chief organizer was GCU Professor Emeritus Dr. Ikram ul Haq, who was also the general secretary of the society.[5][6][7]

The society collaborated with the Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity of the University of Swat, the Higher Education Commission, and the Pakistan Science Foundation to organize the three-day 5th International Conference on "Advances in Biosciences: Bridging the Gap between Research and Sustainable Development Goals" on May 24–26, 2022. The organizing committee for the conference included the society's President, Prof. Dr. Anwar Malik, and its Secretary-General, Prof. Dr. Ikram-Ul-Haq.[18][19][20][21]

Publications

Biologia

The society's official journal is Biologia, established in June 1955 as a collaboration between the departments of Botany and Zoology at Government College University, with its first editor-in-chief being Sultan Ahmad. It is published semi-annually, in June and December of each year. It has a print and linking ISSN of 0006-3096 and an electronic ISSN of 2313-206X. The content is in English, French, and German.[2][3][8][11][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]

It is indexed in AcadOF, Aqua Sci. & Fish Abstr., Aquacult. Abstr., BiolAb / Biol. Abstr., Bioresearch Index, BIOSIS Prev, CabiAb/CABI, ChemAb / Chem. Abstr., CSA, Curr. Adv. Ecol. Sci., CurCont, Deep Sea Res. & Oceanogr. Abstr., EMBiology, Environ. Sci. Pol. Mgmt., Field Crop Abstr., GeoRef, Ghealth, Google Scholar, Herb. Abstr., Hort. Abstr., IBIDS, IBR, IBZ, INIS AtomInd, Pakistan Current Contents, Rev. Arom. & Med. Plants, Rev. Plant Path., SCI / Sci. Cit. Ind. (coverage dropped), SCOPUS, Sherpa Romeo, Soils & Fert., Summon, VINITI, and ZooRec.[24][26][30][29]

Monographs

The society occasionally publishes monographs, the name of which is sometimes abbreviated as "Biol. Soc. Pak. Monogr."[31]

Identifiers for the series include ISSN 0523-6614[32]; Hunt Institute 84573[33]; and OCLC 2541119, 477906928, 768034099, 183401970, and 1289018384.

They have published the following monographs as of 1998:[34]

Number Date Author(s) Title Physical format Contents Library catalogs
1/I 1956 July 15 Sultan Ahmad Fungi of West Pakistan iii+126 pp. + folded map

cloth-bound; 9½ in. by 7 in.[22] / 25 cm. / 8vo

An annotated, comprehensive list of 1219 species (about being new records for the area) in standard taxonomic sequence, a bibliography, an index to genera, a complete host-index, and a large map of West Pakistan and adjoining areas. Includes 58 species of agarics and their allies.[22][35][36] [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][9][44][45]
2/II 1958 Nazeer Ahmed Janjua, M. Maqsood Nasir, and Ghulam-Ullah Khan Chaudhry The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linn.) in Baluchistan iv+122 pp. + 9 plates

24 cm.

Includes 90 tables and 36 graphs about its distribution, host plants, nature and extent of damage, life and seasonal history, and natural enemies, based on 7 years of investigation from 1941 to 1947.[22] [37][38][39][41][46][47]
3/III 1958–1959 Sultan Ahmad and Ralph Randles Stewart Grasses of West Pakistan vi+388 pp.

paper-bound; 9½ in. by 7 in.[22] / 25 cm. / 8vo

Has two parts: pp. 1–151 "Subfamily Panicoideae" (1958) and pp. 153–388 "Subfamily Pooideae" (1959).

Contains keys to the tribes, genera and all 370 species of grasses recorded from Pakistan, with a short diagnosis for each tribe and genus, and a detailed description for each species, including the distribution record of where it is located, and the collector's name but not the collector's number. Has a "generous" number of misprints. Part 1 has 70 species in 17 genera of the Tribe Paniceae, 60 in 31 of Andropogoneae, and 3 in 3 of Maydeae, none of which are new. Part 2 has a key to the tribes of the Pooideae of Pakistan; the characteristics of each tribe are followed by a key to the genera; each genus has a description, which is followed by a key to the species if there are multiple; each species has a description and an explanation of its distribution for the area covered.[22][48][49][50][51]

[38][39][41][42][52][53]
4/IV Sultan Ahmad Polyporaceae of West Pakistan Features about 120 species.[4](p242)[22]
5/V 1969 April 30 Sultan Ahmad Fungi of West Pakistan, Supplement 1 iv+110 pp.

25 cm. / 8vo

Features over 1000 species: 20 myxomycetes, 8 phycomycetes, 320 ascomycetes, 135 basidiomycetes, and 547 deuteromycetes.[54](piii) [42][54][55]
6/VI 1972 April 4 Sultan Ahmad Basidiomycetes of West Pakistan [4]+iii/iv+141/154 pp. + 9 plates

22 cm. / 8vo

An aid to the identification of saprophytic basidiomycetous Fungi (except agarics and gasteromycetes). Has many gaps in areas covered, and does not discuss frequency of occurence, ecological relationships, or economic importance. Uses the system of classification developed by Donk and Corner.[56](pi) [37][38][39][41][42][57][56][58][59]
7/VII 1978 March 20 Sultan Ahmad Ascomycetes of Pakistan, part 1 vii+236 pp.

paper-bound[60]; 24 cm. / 8vo

Contains keys and a taxonomic treatment of all groups. Includes some line drawings (usually diagnostic) and occasional photographs. Has literature references for each major division (Hemiascomycetes, Plectomycetes, Pyrenomycetes, and Discomycetes). Generally uses then-modern classification. Proposes some new combinations and taxa.[60] [39][42][61][62][63]
8/VIII 1978 March 20 Sultan Ahmad Ascomycetes of Pakistan, part 2 iii/iv+144 pp.

24 cm. / 8vo

[39][42][61][64][65]
9/IX 1980 Sultan Ahmad Flora of the Panjab/Punjab: keys to genera and species, part 1: Monocotyledons at least 209 pages[66]

24 cm.

[39][67][68]
10/X 1980 Sultan Ahmad Flora of the Panjab/Punjab: keys to genera and species, part 2: Dicotyledons at least 66 pages[66]

24 cm.

[39][67][69]
11/XI 1986 Abu Bakr (شکیل الرحمٰن‎) On a collection of Siwalik Carnivora at least 64 pages[70][71] Features 16 species, including Vishnucyon nagriensis, Sivaonyx minor, Lycaena felina, and Panthera dhokpathanensis.[72] [73]
12/XII 1986[74] M. H. Bokhari and W. Frey Species/spices[74] and flavouring used in Iran and Pakistan at least 45 pages and 13 plates[74]
13/XIII 1987 Fatima Mujib Bilquees/Bilqees (آمنہ ممتاز‎) and Aly Khan Acanthocephala of fishes of Pakistan 28/57 pp.

24 cm.

Provides a general description of their morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and life-cycles, as well as descriptions of all 20 species recorded from fish in Pakistan, as well as a host-parasite list. Includes at least 38 figures, grouped in a special section.[75][76] [77][78][79]
14/XIV/XIV 1987[80] Muhammad Sharif Khan[80] and Rashida Tasnim[81] A field guide to the identification of herps of Pakistan, part I: Amphibia 28 pp.[82]
15/XV/XV 1990[80] Muhammad Sharif Khan[80] and Rashida Tasnim[83] A field guide to the identification of herps of Pakistan, part II: Chelonia at least 15 pages[83][84]
16/XVI/XVI 1990[13] M. H. Bokhari and M. Ashraf Pulse crops of Pakistan

Other works

The society also published Seventy five years History of Zoology by A. R. Shakoori and M. R. Mirza.[34]

References

  1. ↑ Biological Society of Pakistan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Biological Society, Government College University Lahore" (in en-US). https://www.linkedin.com/company/biological-society-government-college-university-lahore/about/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Botany: FACILITIES". https://www.gcu.edu.pk/botany.php?pg=facilities.  Scroll down to "SPECIAL FEATURES" and click on "Biological Society of Pakistan" and "Biologia (Research Journal)".
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Field, Henry (1962). Bibliography on Southwestern Asia. 7. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.32000005770047?urlappend=%3Bq1=BSPL. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Challenges to world food security, sustainability highlighted". Dawn (Pakistan Herald Publications (Pvt.) Limited). 10 May 2018. https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?p=sa&NS=16&AID=9UNI005200&an=ASDAWN0020180510ee5a00024&drn=drn:archive.newsarticle.ASDAWN0020180510ee5a00024&cat=a&ep=asi. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Biosciences moot starts at GCU today". The News International (Pakistan). 9 May 2018. https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?p=sa&NS=16&AID=9UNI005200&an=NINTPK0020180509ee590001j&drn=drn:archive.newsarticle.NINTPK0020180509ee590001j&cat=a&ep=asi. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "'Our future depends on developing sustainable food systems'". Daily Times (Lahore: HT Digital Streams Limited / HT Media Ltd / HT Digital Content Services). 10 May 2018. ProQuest 2036567189. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2036567189. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Search: Publications: Biological Society of Pakistan". Copyright Clearance Center. https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/journal/Biological%20Society%20of%20Pakistan. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Monographs. Biological Society of Pakistan 1, 1956". http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/60938/0001/index.htm. 
  10. ↑ Ocean research index: a guide to ocean and freshwater research including fisheries research.. Guernsey [Channel Islands]: Francis Hodgson. 1970. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-85280-230-4. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Pakistan: Biological Society of Pakistan". Sources of Serials: A Bowker Serials Bibliography (New York: Serials Bibliography Department, R.R. Bowker Company, A Xerox Publishing Company): 608. 1977. ISSN 0000-0523. 
  12. ↑ "Biological Society of Pakistan". Non-governmental scientific and professional institutions and learned bodies of Pakistan. Islamabad: Pakistan Council for Science and Technology. 1986. pp. 83–86. OCLC 20824045. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Waheed, Abdul; Hafiz, Ishfaq Ahmad; Qadir, Ghulam; Murtaza, Ghulam; Mahmood, Tariq; Ashraf, Muhammad (2006). "Effect of salinity on germination, growth, yield, ionic balance and solute composition of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) MILLSP)". Pakistan Journal of Botany (Pakistan Botanical Society) 38 (4): 1115. https://books.google.com/books?id=EKZKAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Pulse%20crops%20of%20Pakistan%22. 
  14. ↑ "Annexure I: list of scientific societies/learned bodies funded by Pakistan Science Foundation, Ministry of Science and Technology". The National Assembly of Pakistan debates: official report. Karachi: Manager of Publications / Pakistan National Assembly. 1989. p. 713. OCLC 29800487. 
  15. ↑ "About Us". http://biosoc.pk/about-us/. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "About Us: History". http://biosoc.pk/about-us/history/. 
  17. ↑ "PG - Agri, medical fields can bring revolutionary changes - says minister.". Pakistan Press International. Lahore: Asia Pulse Pte Limited. 30 March 2002. https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?p=sa&NS=16&AID=9UNI005200&an=paprin0020020402dy3u00270&drn=drn:archive.newsarticle.paprin0020020402dy3u00270&cat=a&ep=asi. 
  18. ↑ "Rising population blamed for dwindling natural resources". Dawn (Pakistan Herald Publications (Pvt.) Limited). 25 May 2022. https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?p=sa&NS=16&AID=9UNI005200&an=ASDAWN0020220525ei5p0005d&drn=drn:archive.newsarticle.ASDAWN0020220525ei5p0005d&cat=a&ep=asi. 
  19. ↑ yousafzai, mahboob ali (May 25, 2022). "Conference on advances in biosciences" (in en). https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/960499-conference-on-advances-in-biosciences. 
  20. ↑ uos (March 2022). "5th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON "ADVANCES IN BIOSCIENCES: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN RESEARCH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS"" (in en-US). https://uswat.edu.pk/2022/03/conference/. 
  21. ↑ Saleem, Saima (2022-04-15). "PowerPoint Presentation - 5th-Inter-Conf-Advance-in-Biosciences-Bridging-the-Gap-between-Research-and-Sustainable-Development-Goals-1.pdf". https://uswat.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/5th-Inter-Conf-Advance-in-Biosciences-Bridging-the-Gap-between-Research-and-Sustainable-Development-Goals-1.pdf. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 Ahmad and Stewart (1958). "List of Publications of The Biological Society of Pakistan". Grasses of West Pakistan Part 1 and 2. p. 406. https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3116/page/n405/mode/2up. 
  23. ↑ "Review of Biologia. Vol. 1, No. 1. June, 1955.". The Quarterly Review of Biology 32 (4): 446–447. 1957. doi:10.1086/402198. ISSN 0033-5770. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Periodical Details". Pakistan Scientific and Technological Information Centre. http://pastic.gov.pk/periodicaldetails.aspx?ID=213. 
  25. ↑ CIEPS (June 7, 2020). "ISSN 2313-206X (Online) | Biologia". https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2313-206X. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "About the Journal: Biologia (Lahore)". https://researcherslinks.com/journal-details/Biologia-Pakistan/37/aims-and-scope. 
  27. ↑ "Biologia". Copyright Clearance Center. https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/details/journal/122801366. 
  28. ↑ "Biologia - Pakistan". 2 November 2022. https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/42553. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Yuster, Leigh Carol (2003). Ulrich's Periodicals Directory. 1-2. R.R. Bowker. p. 662. ISBN 978-0-8352-4504-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=gjEbAQAAMAAJ&q=%22biologia%22%20pakistan. 
  30. ↑ Khan, Dilawar (November 1977). Biological Sciences, Pakistani Source Material. Islamabad: Department of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University. p. 1. OCLC 5563328. 
  31. ↑ Abbas, Syed Qaiser; Ayesha, Robab; Abbas, Alia (2015). "Fungal records on Morus species from Pakistan". International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 12 (3): 431–436. https://www.academia.edu/download/38654156/12_Revised_paper_Morus_Q_Abbas_Formatted.pdf. 
  32. ↑ "ISSN 0523-6614 (Print) | Monograph - Biological Society of Pakistan". https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/0523-6614. 
  33. ↑ "Record List". http://fmhibd.library.cmu.edu/HIBD-DB/bpho/recordlist.php?-skip=33950&-max=1. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "List of Publications of the Biological Society of Pakistan". Biologia (The Biological Society of Pakistan) 44 (1&2): 296–297. 1998. ISSN 0006-3096. . This volume is labelled the "Biotechnology Number".
  35. ↑ Martin, G. W. (1957). "Review of Fungi of West Pakistan". Mycologia 49 (3): 447. doi:10.2307/3755703. ISSN 0027-5514. 
  36. ↑ Murakami, Yasuaki (August 1993). "Larger Fungi from Northern Pakistan". in Nakaike, Toshiyuki. Cryptogamic flora of Pakistan. 2. Tokyo: National Science Museum. pp. 105, 130. OCLC 26988900. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 "results/titledata: ocl:183401970". https://lbsopac.rz.uni-frankfurt.de/DB=30/SET=13/TTL=1/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=8520&DB=30&SRT=YOP&TRM=ocl:183401970. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 "Monograph.". https://drexel.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01DRXU_INST/dbok2j/alma991010792429704721. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 39.6 39.7 "Monograph" (in en). https://catalog.library.cornell.edu/catalog/1753174. 
  40. ↑ "Fungi of West Pakistan / Sultan Ahmad.". 2023-12-11. https://science-catalogue.canada.ca/record=b3131848~S6. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 "Monograph.". https://i-share-uiu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CARLI_UIU/gpjosq/alma99219706712205899. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 42.5 "Monograph.". https://naturalis.on.worldcat.org/oclc/2541119. 
  43. ↑ "Monograph.". https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99121263820001452. 
  44. ↑ Ahmad, Sultan (1956) (in en). Fungi of West Pakistan. [Biological] Society [of Pakistan] at the Biological Laboratories, Government College. https://books.google.com/books?id=cVwQAQAAMAAJ. 
  45. ↑ OCLC 132707, 475260001, 755217636, 638056752, 936643785
  46. ↑ "The Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linn.) in Baluchistan / Nazeer Ahmad Janjua, M. Maqsood Nasir & Ghulam Ullah Khan Chaudhry.". 2023-12-11. https://science-catalogue.canada.ca/record=b3132165~S6. 
  47. ↑ OCLC 21013954, 21641351
  48. ↑ Clayton, W. D. (1961). "Pakistan grasses". Kew Bulletin 15 (2): 192. doi:10.2307/4109353. ISSN 0075-5974. 
  49. ↑ McGinnies, William Grovenor (1967). "Pertinent Publications". Inventory of research on vegetation of desert environments. An Inventory of Geographical Research on Desert Environments, no. 6 (Vegetation). p. 120. 
  50. ↑ Curtin, C. B. (March 15, 1960). "16805. AHMAD, S., and R. R. STEWART. (Government Coll., Lahore and Gordon Coll., Rawalpindi.) Grasses of West Pakistan. I. Subfamily Panicoideae. Biol. Soc Pakistan Monogr. 3. 1-151. 1958.". Biological Abstracts (University of Pennsylvania) 35 (6): 1465. 
  51. ↑ Curtin, C. B. (July 15, 1960). "39101. AHMAD, S., and R. R. STEWART. (Government Coll., Lahore, Pakistan.) Grasses of West Pakistan. Subfamily Pooideae. Biol. Soc. Pakistan Monogr. 3(Pt. 2): 154-388. 1959.". Biological Abstracts 35 (14): 3413. 
  52. ↑ Ahmad and Stewart (1958). Grasses of West Pakistan Part 1 and 2. ark:/13960/t9775hc0w. http://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3116. 
  53. ↑ OCLC 14981619, 182880137, 1029947380, 66833055, 969947265, 475291553, 917847908, 917847947, 247456131
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 "Monographs. Biological Society of Pakistan 5, 1969". http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/60938/0005/index.htm. 
  55. ↑ OCLC 27024846, 475260007, 66203578, 758205309
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "Monographs. Biological Society of Pakistan 6, 1972". http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/60938/0006/index.htm. 
  57. ↑ "Basidiomycetes of West Pakistan / Sultan Ahmad.". 2023-12-11. https://science-catalogue.canada.ca/record=b3132102~S6. 
  58. ↑ Ahmad, Sultan (1972). Basidiomycetes of West Pakistan.. Biological Society of Pakistan. Monograph ;no. 6. Lahore: [Biological] Society at the Biological Laboratories, Govt. College. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008364703. 
  59. ↑ OCLC 707940, 475202611, 682039129, 1288997439, 247455955
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 K., R. P. (November–December 1979). "Review of Ascomycetes of Pakistan, Part I". Mycologia (Taylor & Francis) 71 (6): 1280. doi:10.2307/3759121. ISSN 0027-5514. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 "Ascomycetes of Pakistan. Pt. 1-2.". 2023-12-11. https://science-catalogue.canada.ca/record=b3198869~S6. 
  62. ↑ "Monographs. Biological Society of Pakistan 7, 1978". http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/60938/0007/index.htm. 
  63. ↑ OCLC 10430861, 83687848, 818809532, 633673698, 923122342, 1015735746, 475295756
  64. ↑ "Monographs. Biological Society of Pakistan 8, 1978". http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/60938/0008/index.htm. 
  65. ↑ OCLC 10430861, 83687848, 818809532, 633673698, 923122342, 1015735746, 475295764
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Ahmad, Saleem (January 1993). "Quantitative studies on the weeds of wheat fields of Riwat area, Islamabad". Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) 36 (1): 34. https://books.google.com/books?id=1N4rAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Flora%20of%20the%20Punjab:%20keys%20to%20genera%20and%20species%22. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Ahmad, Sultan (1980) (in en). Flora of the Panjab: Keys to Genera and Species. [Biological] Society [of Pakistan]. https://books.google.com/books?id=dCO1AAAAIAAJ. 
  68. ↑ OCLC 10951048, 610568069, 1029965513
  69. ↑ OCLC 10951048, 610568069, 1029965513
  70. ↑ Jasinski, Steven E.; Abbas, Sayyed Ghyour; Mahmood, Khalid; Babar, Muhammad Adeeb; Khan, Muhammad Akbar (3 Nov 2022). "New Carnivoran (Mammalia: Carnivora) specimens from the Siwaliks of Pakistan and India and their faunal and evolutionary implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology (Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group) 35 (11): 2217–2252. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2138376. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365095742. 
  71. ↑ Sarwar, Muhammad; Bakr, Abu; Akhtar, Muhammad; Akhtar, Farkhanda (December 1986). "A new genus of the family Hyaenidae Gray from the upper Siwalik beds of the Punjab". The Geological Bulletin of the Punjab University 21: 94. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/geology/pdf/1986-21.pdf. Retrieved 2024-01-29. 
  72. ↑ Bakr, Abu. "105. On a collection of Siwalik Carnivora". Proceedings of Fourth Pakistan Congress of Zoology held under the auspices of the Zoological Society of Pakistan, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, December 20-22, 1983. OCLC 62447645. 
  73. ↑ "On a Collection of Siwalik Carnivora". https://opac.nlp.gov.pk/index.php?p=show_detail&id=97043&keywords=. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Frey, Wolfgang (2007) (in en). Festschrift to Wolfgang Frey--a Scientist's Life Between 'deserts' and 'rain Forests'. J. Cramer. p. x. ISBN 978-3-443-51053-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=g3YeAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Spices+and+flavourings+used+in+Iran+and+Pakistan%22. 
  75. ↑ "Acanthocephala of fishes of Pakistan.". CAB International (CABI). https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19870843693. 
  76. ↑ Amin, Omar M.; Chaudhary, Anshu; Heckmann, Richard A.; Ha, Nguyen V.; Singh, Hridaya S. (22 July 2019). "The Morphological and Molecular Description of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) fusiformis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from the Catfish Arius sp. (Ariidae) in the Pacific Ocean off Vietnam, with Notes on Zoogeography" (in en). Acta Parasitologica (Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences) 64 (4): 795. doi:10.2478/s11686-019-00102-3. ISSN 1230-2821. PMID 31332657. http://link.springer.com/10.2478/s11686-019-00102-3. 
  77. ↑ "Acanthocephala of Fishes of Pakistan". https://opac.nlp.gov.pk/index.php?p=show_detail&id=107605&keywords=. 
  78. ↑ "Acanthocephala of Fishes of Pakistan". https://opac.nlp.gov.pk/index.php?p=show_detail&id=107606&keywords=. 
  79. ↑ OCLC 21428364
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 "Muhammad Sharif Khan" (in en-US). 2012-05-07. https://www.wildlife.org.pk/muhammad-sharif-khan/. 
  81. ↑ Khan, Muhammad Sharif (1997). "A New Subspecies of Common Skittering Frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799) From Balochistan, Pakistan". Pakistan J. Zool. 29 (2): 107–112. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289958438. 
  82. ↑ Khan, Muhammad S. (2001). "Buccopharyngeal Morphology and Feeding Ecology of Microhyla ornata Tadpoles". Asiatic Herpetological Research 9: 137. https://archive.org/details/asiaticherpetolo09asia/page/137?q=%22Biological++Society++of++Pakistan%22. 
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 Khan, Muhammad Sharif (2017). "Herpetology of Pakistan, Part 1: Frogs & Toads". Herpetological Laboratory. https://www.academia.edu/34982503. Retrieved 2024-01-06. 
  84. ↑ Sikandar, Ayesha; Noreen, Misbah; Nasir, Iqra (2022). "The status and nesting sites of the marine turtles of Pakistan at Karachi and Makran coast: a literature review". International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 19 (2): 263. http://www.ijbbku.com/assets/custom/journals/2022/2/THE%20STATUS%20AND%20NESTING%20SITES%20OF%20THE%20MARINE%20TURTLES%20OF%20PAKISTAN%20AT%20KARACHI%20AND%20MAKRAN%20COAST%20A%20LITERATURE%20REVIEW.pdf. 

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