Federal Police (Mexico)

Mexican Federal Preventive Police; Policía Federal Preventiva de Mexico
Abbreviation	PFP
Agency overview
Formed	January 1, 1999
Preceding agency	Mexican Federal Highway Patrol;
Dissolved	May 30, 2009
Superseding agency	Mexico Federal Police
Employees	50,000-100,000
Jurisdictional structure
Federal agency	Mexico
Operations jurisdiction	Mexico
General nature	Federal law enforcement;
Operational structure
Headquarters	CDMX, Mexico

Federal Police; Policía Federal
Abbreviation	PF
Agency overview
Formed	May 30, 2009 (from Federal Preventative Police)
Preceding agencies	3rd Military Police Brigade, Mexican Army; Mexican Federal Highway Patrol; Mexican Federal Attorney Police; CISEN counter-intelligence unit;
Dissolved	October 1, 2019
Superseding agency	National Guard
Employees	+ 40.000 (at disbandment)
Annual budget	US$34.6 billion (2010)
Jurisdictional structure
Federal agency	Mexico
Operations jurisdiction	Mexico
Governing body	Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection
General nature	Federal law enforcement; Civilian police;
Notables
Anniversary	Federal Police Day, June 2;

Short description: Mexican federal police

The Federal Police (Spanish: Policía Federal, PF), formerly known as the Policía Federal Preventiva (Federal Preventive Police) and sometimes referred to in the U.S. as "Federales",^[2] was a Mexican national police force formed in 1999. In 2019 it was incorporated into the National Guard and operated under the authority of the Department of Security and Civil Protection.

The Federal Police was formed through the merger of four previously independent federal police agencies — the Federal Highway Police, the Fiscal Police, the Investigation and National Security Center, and the Mexican Army's 3rd Military Police Brigade — and was initially referred to as the Federal Preventive Police.

Throughout its 20 year existence, the Federal Police has been dogged by allegations of widespread corruption and abuse — allegations which President Andrés Manuel López Obrador said influenced his administration's decision to disband the force.^[3] Since its disbandment, two high-ranking commanders have been arrested for offences they committed while leading the Federal Police.^[3]^[4]

The police force was 1,870,406,000 pesos in debt to creditors, members of the public, and former employees when it was disbanded.^[5]

History

Mexico City Federal Police Building.

On May 29, 2009, the Federal Preventive Police name was changed to Federal Police, and some duties were added to it. The Federal Police was created as the main Federal Preventive Police in 1999 by the initiative of President Ernesto Zedillo (1994–2000) to prevent and combat and to enforce the law that drugs will not run around on Mexico's streets. The PF has been assuming its authority in stages over time, as its budget has grown and it has combined and reorganized police departments from major agencies such as those for migration, treasury, and highways. Many large bus stations and airports in Mexico are assigned a PF detachment.

Public Safety Secretary Genaro García Luna hoped to reform the nation's long-troubled police. Among other steps, he consolidated several agencies into a Federal Police force of nearly 25,000.^[6]

The Federal Police celebrates its anniversary on July 13 every year (Federal Police Day), with its history dating to 1928 as the successor of the agencies mentioned above.

Mexican Federal Preventive Police

The Mexican Federal Preventive Police was an agency created from the Mexican Highway Patrol in 1999. It was replaced by the Mexican Federal Police due to corruption problems and bribing issues. On May 30, 2009, the Mexican Federal Police took over the PFP's duties as the Federal Ministerial Police took over the Mexican federal Investigative Agency's duties.

Calderón's administration

When Felipe Calderón took office as president in 2006, there were roughly half a dozen drug cartels in Mexico. Each of the organizations were large and dominated huge parts of Mexico's territorial landscape, and operated internationally and overseas as well.^[7] When Calderón assumed the presidency, he realized that he could not rely on the federal police nor the intelligence agencies to restore order and crack down the logistics of the mafias.^[7] Over several decades, the cartels had bribed police commanders and top politicians; and often riddled with corruption, state authorities would not only fail to cooperate with other authorities in distinct federal levels, but would actively protect the cartels and their leaders. With limited options available, Calderón turned to the Mexican Armed Forces, which, because of its limited involvement in acting against the cartels, remained relatively immune to corruption and organized crime infiltration.^[7] He then moved the military to parts of Mexico most plagued by drug-violence to target, capture, and – if necessary – kill the leaders of the drug trafficking organizations. Yet, the president understood that the military could not fight the cartels alone and needed cops to rely on for patrolling, collecting intelligence information, and gathering evidences necessary to prosecute drug traffickers.^[7]

With the argument that he was tired of the corruption, Calderón abolished the AFI agency created in May 2009 and created an entirely new police force.^[7] The new force has formed part of Mexico's first national crime information system, which stores the fingerprints of everyone arrested in the country. They also have assumed the role of the Army in several parts of the country. According to The New York Times , the federal police has avoided "any serious incidents of corruption."^[7]

On October 21, 2008, President Felipe Calderón proposed to break the former Federal Preventive Police to replace it with a different organization, because "the PFP has not yielded the expected results and has not been a strong institution capable of serving as a model for all police services in the country."^[8]^[9] The new corporation became the Federal Police, and it provides support to the police as to the Federal District, states and municipalities. This decision was said to be not entirely unexpected, given the insufficient number of convictions, the alarming increase of violence, abductions and cases of corruption and complicity with organized crime elements.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]

Peña Nieto's administration

In 2012, it was reported that President Enrique Peña Nieto's government had proposed the creation of a new unit to replace all Federal Police duties.^[16] The Federal Police would not be disbanded, but they would be assigned to special tasks and missions.^{[citation needed]} Additional information on Mexico's planned gendarmerie was on the website MexiData.info on December 24, 2012.^[17]

In 2014, the Federal Police's Gendarmerie Division was created with 5,000 police agents. Its focus is on providing ongoing public security in areas with heavy criminal activities and providing border security. It is also expected to reinforce state, city, and municipal police forces as needed. It is one of the seven constituent divisions of the Federal Police, reporting directly to the Commissioner, and the newest to be incepted.

The National Gendarmerie is defined as a military grade force within the Federal Police.

Lopez Obrador's administration

Before becoming President of Mexico, Andrés Manuel López Obrador campaigned on a promise to take the military off the streets of Mexico.^[18] Shortly after getting into office, Obrador released a plan to create the National Guard under control of the Mexican Armed Forces which would be in charge of "preventing and combating crime".^[18]^[19] Obrador stated that the new National Guard would be critical to solving Mexico's ongoing security crisis.^[20]^[21]

On 28 February, the Mexico's General Congress voted to approve a 60,000-member national guard.^[21] On 30 June 2019, the National Guard was officially established in the Constitution of Mexico.^[22]

The new National Guard, de facto successor to a similar formation raised in 1821 and abolished in 1935, is composed today of personnel from parts of both the National Gendarmerie and Federal Forces Divisions of the Federal Police.^[23]

Strength

In 2000, the PF had 10,878 agents and staff:

4,899 from the Mexican army's 3rd Brigade of the Military Police (Tercera brigada de policía militar), included two military police battalions and an Assault Battalion.
4,000 from the Federal Highway Police (Policía Federal de Caminos)
1,500 from the Fiscal Police (Policía Fiscal Federal)
600 from the Interior Ministry's Center of National Security And Investigation (Centro de Investigación y Seguridad Nacional) – Mexican intelligence agency.

Organization

Federal Police Day celebration.

Regulation of the Law of the Federal Police in the Official Gazette of May 17, 2010, to establish the basic organizational structure of this Decentralized Administrative Body, Article 5 of that system, comprising a total of 136 seats of middle and senior management, broken 130 seats structure, as shown below:

1 General Commissioner;
7 Divisions: Intelligence Research, Regional Security; Scientific, Drug, Federal and Gendarmerie Forces;
1 General Secretariat;
1 Internal Affairs;
20 Coordination;
66 DGs;
6 DGs in aid to the Chief of the Division of Regional Security;
32 State Coordination at the regional level; and
1 Head of Internal Affairs.

Commissioner General

Generale Vargas Pitt Azian of Legal Affairs
Directorate General of Information
Directorate General of Social Communication
Directorate General of Planning and Coordination

Intelligence Division

Coordination of Technical Services
General Directorate of Technical Monitoring Center
- Directorate General of the Center for Risk Alert and Response
- Directorate General for Development and Operation of Coverage
Covert Operations Coordination
- Directorate General Operations and Infiltration
- Directorate General of Recruitment and Resource Management
- Directorate General for Supervision and Surveillance
Coordination Analysis and International Liaison
- Directorate General of Analysis and Statistics
- Directorate General for International Police Affairs
- Indicators DG Information Integration

Research Division

Research Coordination Office
- Directorate General of Tactical Analysis
- General Directorate of Criminal Records and Records
- Directorate General for Crisis Management and Negotiation
Coordination of Field Research
- DG Research of Crimes against the Security and Integrity of Persons
- Directorate General for Research of Crimes High Impact
- DG Research of Federal Crimes
Technical Research Coordination and Operation
- Directorate General of Technical Operations
- Directorate General of Operational Intelligence
- Directorate General Tactical Support

Regional Security Division

DG Personnel
DG Information
Directorate General Operations
Department of Logistics and Training
Directorate General of Planning and Supervision
Directorate General of Operational Control
State Coordinators (32)
Regional Coordination Zones (5)
- Central Regional Coordination Zone
- Northeast Regional Coordination Zone
- Northwest Regional Coordination Zone
- West Regional Coordination Zone
- Southeast Regional Coordination Zone

Scientific Division

For the Prevention of Electronic Crimes
- Department Cyber Crimes Prevention
- CERT-MX – Centre of Expertise in Technological Response (Centro Especializado en Respuesta Tecnológica)
- DG Laboratories in Electronics and Forensic Investigation
Coordination of Technological Innovation
- Directorate General for Emerging Information Technologies
- Department of Infrastructure and Implementation of Technological Processes
- Directorate General for Innovation and Development
Coordination of Criminology
- Directorate General of Criminal Behavior
- DG Laboratories
- DG Specialties

Drug Division

Drug Research Coordination Office
- Tactical Analysis Directorate General of Drug
- Directorate General of Records and Registration of Drug Trafficking and Related Crimes
- Liaison Department and Institutional Cooperation
- Field Research Coordination and Technical Drug
- Directorate General of Technical Operation Drug
- Directorate General of Drug Intelligence Operations
- Directorate General Tactical Support against Drug Trafficking and Related Crimes
Research Coordination Illicit Resources
- Directorate General of Tactical Analysis of Crimes Financial System
- Financial Intelligence Directorate for Prevention
- Prevention Directorate General Operations Illicit Resources

Federal Forces Division

Coordination for Law and Order Restoration
- Directorate General for Force Protection
- Directorate General for Rescue Operations and Civil Support
- Directorate General of Prison Transfers and Support
Coordination of Immediate Quick Reaction Forces
- Directorate General of Physical Security
- Directorate General for Quick Action Forces
- Directorate General of the Canine Units
Coordination of Special Operations
- Directorate General of Intervention
- Directorate General of Explosives
- Directorate General of Special Equipment

National Gendarmerie Division

See article: National Gendarmerie (Mexico)

Coordination Bureau of the National Gendarmerie
- Directorate General of Planning and Logistics
- Directorate General of Strategic Operations and Special Units of the Gendarmerie
- Directorate General of Social Services and Public Affairs

General Secretary

Coordination of General Services
- Directorate General of Human Resources
- Directorate General of Financial Resources
- Department of Material Resources
Air Operations Coordination
- Directorate General Operations
- Directorate General Maintenance
- Directorate General for Aviation and Safety Supervision
Coordination Technical Support
- Department of Information
- Directorate General of Telecommunications
- Directorate General of Technical Facilities and Maintenance
Police Coordination System Development
- Control Directorate General Trust
- Directorate General of Civil Service System and Disciplinary
- Directorate-General for Education and Professionalization

Internal Affairs

Directorate General for Internal Oversight Monitoring and
Directorate General for Internal Investigation
Directorate General Accountability

Internal Control

Superior Academy of Public Security of the Federal Police

Directorate General;
Directorate-General for Administration;
Academic Board;
Preceptory address
Services Division

Divisions

Vehicles of the Policía Federal in a parade in Tepic

The Policía Federal consists of seven branches of service, known as divisions, administered by a central administration called the General Secretariat (Secretaría General) ^[24]^[25]

Anti-drug Division – División Antidrogas
Scientific Division – División Científica
Federal Forces Division – División de Fuerzas Federales
Intelligence Division – División de Inteligencia
Investigation Division – División de Investigación
Regional Security Division – División de Seguridad Regional
National Gendarmerie Division – División de Gendarmería Nacional

There is also a separate Internal Affairs Unit (Unidad de Asuntos Internos).

2010 included the Policía Federal approx 35,000 civil servants on.^[26] A Comisionado General (General Manager), which is used directly by the President of Mexico, heads with wide-ranging powers the institution.^[27] Maribel Cervantes Guerrero broke off in February 2012 Facundo Rosas Rosas, who held this office since 2009 .^[28]

The Special Operations Group (GOPES) is the police elite counter terror hostage rescue unit.

Ranks

Rank insignia of the Mexican Federal Police.

Commissioned officers

Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/Mexico (Federal Police)

Basic scale ladder

Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/Blank Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/Mexico (Federal Police)

The ranks from Commissioner to Commissioner General wear more complex rank insignia involving the seven-pointed star of the Federal Police badge above one to four five-pointed stars placed between two stripes.

Equipment

Weapons

Heckler & Koch USP

Heckler & Koch MP5

FN FAL

Heckler & Koch G3A3

Heckler & Koch MSG90

Heckler & Koch HK21

Mossberg 500

Pistols

Glock pistol
Heckler & Koch USP
Jericho 941
FNP-9
CZ P-09

Submachine guns

Colt 9 mm SMG
Heckler & Koch MP5
Heckler & Koch MP7
Heckler & Koch UMP
Uzi

Long guns

Beretta AR70/90
Beretta ARX 160
CZ-805 BREN
FN FAL
Galil ACE
Heckler & Koch G3

Sniper rifles

Barrett M82
DSR-50
Heckler & Koch MSG90

Machine guns

FN MAG
FN Minimi
Heckler & Koch HK21
IMI Negev
M2 Browning
M60E4

Shotguns

Mossberg 500

Grenade Launchers

Heckler & Koch AG36
Milkor MGL

Transport

The PF has many vehicles; land, sea and air, it is estimated to own more than 17,000 patrol cars. The exact information regarding transport vehicles and aircraft that comprise the fleet of the Federal Police is classified, to protect the life and efficiency of agents.^[29]

Rotary wing and fixed wing pilot training takes place in the school of Naval Aviation located on Las Bajadas, Veracruz.^[30]

Aircraft

Manufacturer	Aircraft	Versions	Type	In Service	Origin	Notes
Fixed-wing aircraft
CASA	CASA CN-235	CN-235-400	Transport	2	Spain	1 on order
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Hydra Technologies	Hydra Technologies S4 Ehécatl	S4B	Observation & Reconnaissance	12	Mexico	Will be supported by 3 Elbit Hermes 900
Elbit Systems	Elbit Hermes 450	H-450	Observation & Reconnaissance	4	Israel	10
Helicopters
Sikorsky	UH-60 Black Hawk	UH-60M/L	Transport & Air Support	13	United States
Mil	Mil Mi-17	Mi-171-V	Transport & Air Support	3	Russia
Eurocopter	Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil	AS350L1	Reconnaissance & Air Support	10	European Union	3 more ordered
Eurocopter	Eurocopter EC120 Colibri	EC120	Transport & Reconnaissance	3	European Union
Bell Helicopter	Bell 206	B-206L	Transport & Reconnaissance	5	United States	1 loss
Bell Helicopter	Bell 412	B-412EP	Transport, Air Support & Reconnaissance	3	United States	Recently introduced, accompanied by one B-412 from the FAM
MD Helicopters	MD 500	MD 530G	Reconnaissance & Air Support	7	United States	Recently introduced, accompanied by one B-412 from the FAM