Pratt Institute

Pratt Institute

Motto	Be true to your work, and your work will be true to you.
Type	Private university
Established	1887 (137 years ago) (1887)
Endowment	$224.5 million (2020)[1]
President	Frances Bronet[2]
Academic staff	163 (full-time) 992 (part-time)[3]
Students	4,875 (2019–20)[4]
Undergraduates	3,483 (2019–20)[4]
Postgraduates	1,392 (2019–20)[4]
Location	Brooklyn , New York , United States [ ⚑ ] : 40°41′28″N 73°57′50″W / 40.691111°N 73.963889°W / 40.691111; -73.963889
Campus	Urban, 25 acres (10.1 ha)
|u}}rs	Black, White and Yellow[5]
Nickname	Cannoneers
Sporting affiliations	ACAA (NCAA Division III) HVAC (USCAA)
Mascot	Charlie [6]
Website	www.pratt.edu

Pratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York. It has a satellite campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York (Pratt MWP).^[7] The school originated in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts.^[8] Comprising six schools, the institute is primarily known for its programs in architecture, interior design, and industrial design.^[9]

History

Inception

Pratt Institute was founded in 1887 by American industrialist Charles Pratt, who was a successful businessman and oil tycoon and was one of the wealthiest men in the history of Brooklyn. Pratt was an early pioneer of the oil industry in the United States and was the founder of Astral Oil Works based in the Greenpoint section of Brooklyn which was a leader in replacing whale oil with petroleum or natural oil. In 1867, Pratt established Charles Pratt and Company. In 1874, Pratt's companies were purchased by John D. Rockefeller and became part of his Standard Oil trust while Pratt continued to run the companies himself.

Pratt, an advocate of education, wanted to provide the opportunity for working men and women to better their lives through education. Even though Pratt never had the opportunity to go to college himself, he wanted to create an affordable college accessible to the working class. In 1884, Pratt began purchasing parcels of land in his affluent home town of Clinton Hill for the intention of opening a school. The school would end up being built only two blocks from Charles Pratt's residence on Clinton Avenue.

From his fortunes with Astral Oil and Charles Pratt and Company, in 1886 he endowed and founded Pratt Institute. In May 1887, the New York State Legislature granted Charles Pratt a charter to open the school; on October 17, 1887, the institute opened to 12 students in the Main Hall. Tuition was $4 per class per term (approximately equivalent to $113.8 in 2019).^[10] The college was one of the first in the country open to all people, regardless of class, color, and gender. In the early years, the institute's mission was to offer education to those who never had it offered to them before. Pratt sought to teach people skills that would allow them to be successful and work their way up the economic ladder. Specifically, many programs were tailored for the growing need to train industrial workers in the changing economy with training in design and engineering. Early programs sought to teach students a variety of subjects such as architectural engineering, mechanics, dressmaking, and furniture making. Graduates of the school were taught to become engineers, mechanics, and technicians. Drawing, whether freehand, mechanical, or architectural, thought of as being a universal language, united such diverse programs and thus all programs in the school had a strong foundation in drawing. In addition, the curriculum at the institute was to be complemented by a large Liberal Arts curriculum. Students studied subjects such as history, mathematics, physics, and literature in order to better understand the world in which they will be working in, which is still used in Pratt's curriculum.^[10]

Early years

Enrollment grew steadily since inception. Six months after inception the school had an enrollment of nearly 600 students. By the first anniversary of the school there were 1,000 students in attendance. In five years time the school had nearly 4,000 students.^[10] In 1888 Scientific American said of the school that "it is undoubtedly the most important enterprise of its kind in this country, if not in the world".^[10] Andrew Carnegie even visited Pratt for inspiration and used the school as a model in developing Carnegie Technical Schools, now Carnegie Mellon University.^[11] At the first Founders Day celebration in 1888, Charles Pratt addressed what would become the school's motto: "be true to your work and your work will be true to you" meaning that students should educate and develop themselves diligently and go out into the world working hard, giving all of themselves.

As public interest grew in the school and demand increased the school began adding new programs including the Pratt High School, Library School, Music Department, and Department of Commerce.^[12] Because of the overwhelming popularity of the Department of Commerce, the department broke off from the main institute and formed its own school, under the guidance of Norman P. Heffley, personal secretary to Charles Pratt.^[13][14] The Heffley School of Commerce, the former Pratt Department of Commerce, originally having shared facilities with Pratt evolved into what is now Brooklyn Law School.^[15]

In 1891, the institute's founder and first president, Charles Pratt, died and his eldest son, Charles Millard Pratt, assumed responsibility of president for the school. In 1893, Charles Pratt's other son, Frederic B. Pratt, was elected President of Pratt Institute taking over from his elder brother. Because Charles Pratt Snr. died so soon after the college was founded, Frederic Pratt is ascribed with guiding the college through its early decades.^[16] Under the direction of Pratt's sons, the institute was able to thrive both financially and critically with many new construction projects and courses. By 1892, the number of students enrolled was 3,900. In 1897 the most popular major for students was domestic arts.^[17]

In 1896, the school opened its monumental Victorian-Renaissance Revival library with interiors designed by the Tiffany Decorating and Glass Company and sprawling gardens outside the library. The library was available not just for students but to the general public as well. The Pratt Institute Library was the first and only public library in Brooklyn for nearly 15 years. Additionally, the library served as a working classroom for the training of librarians and is cited as one of the first schools of Library science. The Pratt Institute Library also made available the first reading room for children in New York City.^[18]

By the turn of the century, The School of Science and Technology had become Pratt's most prestigious and well known school comprised most of the school's enrollment^[19][20] Across from East Building on Grand Avenue, the institute constructed a new quad dedicated specifically for the engineering school. Constructed over a period of a quarter of a century, the Chemistry, Machinery, and Engineering buildings were constructed in the same architecture style, unifying all disciplines offered by the School. Pratt also had a large variety of courses dedicated specifically for women during this time. Some of the 25 courses women could partake in included library science, nursing, home economics, and fashion.^[19]

By 1910, all of the departments of the institute were organized as individual schools including the Library School, School of Domestic Science, School of Fine and Applied Arts, and the School of Science and Technology.^[19]

Degree-granting status and increase in enrollment

As World War I faced the nation in 1914, Pratt partnered with the United States Government to aid in the war effort. The School of Science and Technology had its own Student Army Training Corps which taught enlistees engineering skills needed for the war. Students designed aircraft used in the war and trained operators. In 1927, mechanical engineering alumnus Donald A. Hall designed the Spirit of Saint Louis, used by Charles Lindbergh in the world's first transatlantic flight.^[21]

By the 1938 most programs at the school began offering four-year Bachelor of Science degrees and Pratt transformed itself from being a technical school to a rigorous college .^[22] By granting bachelor's degrees, Pratt had to revise its curriculum from being a two-year school to now being a four-year college. The changes also reflected New York State requirements for granting degrees and stricter government and professional licensing regulations for graduates. During this decade, the foundation program for all Art School students was also founded.^[19] In 1940 Pratt began granting graduate degrees.^[22]

During World War II Pratt also helped in the war effort as it did during World War I with the engineering school training servicemen before they were deployed. Students helped to design camouflage for soldiers, buildings, and weapons. Following the war, the school saw a large influx of veterans enrolling as part of the GI Bill.

In the 1940s, the School of Science and Technology changed its name to the School of Engineering and in 1946 established its own honor society with mechanical engineering being the most popular major at all of Pratt.^[17] In 1953, Francis H. Horn became the first President of Pratt who was not a member of the Pratt family. Enrollment continue to climb throughout the decade and in 1948 the institute reached an all-time high in attendance with 6,000 students.^[17] By 1950, Pratt had become an accredited institution by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.^[12] In 1954, the architecture department split from the Engineering School to become its own school.^[19]

Campus reorganization

As part of white flight in the 1950s and 1960s which affected the majority of New York City the neighborhood of Clinton Hill began to see a transformation from an upper-class, affluent, white community to one chiefly populated by poor and working-class people of color. During this time, Pratt considered moving its campus to more affluent Long Island or Manhattan and increase its attractiveness but decided to stay at its original Brooklyn campus due to the history and Charles Pratt's original mission.^[19]

As part of Robert Moses' plan for urban renewal in New York City, Pratt's physical campus saw the greatest amount of change in its history. Prior to the 1950s, the school was located in separate buildings located on several public streets. However, after Moses' clearance of many of the structures located between Pratt's buildings, the land was given over to the school, and a true campus was established. Ryerson Street, Grand Avenue, Steuben Street, and Emerson Place ceased to allow automobile traffic, and the campus became enclosed, forming the Grand Mall to connect the institute's buildings.^[23] The elevated train running along Grand Avenue between the East Building/Student Union and the Engineering Quad was dismantled. As a result of new real estate, the school was able to build several new structures, all designed by the firm of McKim, Mead & White, including men's and women's dormitories and a new student union.^[24] In addition, Moses' construction projects around the school helped to build the School of Architecture. Research funds were granted to the school to help discover new building techniques. By 1963, the urban planning department formed the Pratt Center for Community Development in an attempt to revitalize Pratt's surrounding neighborhood and Brooklyn.^[25]

Enrollment decline and financial issues

In the 1970s and continuing well into the 1980s New York City and Brooklyn still faced large amounts of crime and poverty and as a result enrollment fell and the school began to face a budget deficit. Prospective students and faculty felt uneasy about the safety of the campus and community. In 1974, the men's basketball team came to the attention of national media outlets as Cyndi Meserve joined the team becoming the first woman to play men's NCAA basketball.^[26][27] Students earning architecture degrees exceeded those who were earning mechanical engineering degrees in 1975 and architecture degrees became the most popular degree at Pratt, a trend that still exists.^[17] In anticipation of the institute's centennial anniversary in 1987, several capital improvements were made to the campus trying to restore the condition of many of the dilapidated buildings. The Grand Mall was re-landscaped with new plantings, brick pathways, and lighting and the Newman Amphitheater was built in 1988 in celebration of the hundredth anniversary. President Richardson Pratt Jr retired in 1990 after nearly twenty years of serving as president, becoming the last president to be a descendant of founder Charles Pratt.

By 1993, Thomas F. Schutte was appointed as president and has since become the longest standing president overseeing the institute not a part of the Pratt family. In the same year, Pratt controversially closed its School of Engineering, an integral part of founder Charles Pratt's long term vision for the school. Historically, the school was Pratt's most successful school and many associated the school with its engineering program.^[19] In response to the institute-wide decrease in enrollment and school-wide budget issues, closing the School of Engineering was thought of as being the only feasible option to keep the school's other programs afloat and to address the budget. Students in the Engineering program were transferred to Polytechnic Institute of New York University while tenured professors were relocated to the School of Architecture and the science and math departments in the School of Liberal Arts and Sciences.^[28]

Revitalization and growth

As a result of closing the costly School of Engineering, the school was able to get out of debt and on the track to financial success. Funds were allocated for campus-wide beautification projects and restoration and modernization of historic buildings, starting with Memorial Hall. Part of the beautification projects included adding the Pratt Institute Sculpture Park in 1999 where contemporary art sculptures are placed throughout the campus lawns and gardens, making it the largest contemporary sculpture park in New York City.^[29] Pratt also began a partnership with Munson-Williams-Proctor and Delaware College of Art and Design for art students to study for two years at either campus and finish their degrees at Pratt's School of Art and Design in Brooklyn. During the 1990s the school was able to increase enrollment by twenty-five percent, from approximately 3,000 students in 1990 to 4,000 students in 2000.^[19]

Vincent A. Stabile, a 1940 graduate of the School of Engineering, donated about $13 million to Pratt, the largest donation made by any alumnus in the college's history,^[19] with the request to President Schutte that the donation be used to reopen the School of Engineering. President Schutte rejected Mr. Stabile's request but instead allocated the funds to construct a new residence hall named in the donor's honor. From the mid-1980s to the 2000s Pratt experienced the transition from being mainly a commuter school to become a residential school through the construction of new residence halls Cannoneer Court, Pantas Hall, and Stabile Hall.

Presidents

1. Charles Pratt (1830–1891), president from 1887 to 1891
2. Charles Millard Pratt (1855–1935), 1891–1893
3. Frederic B. Pratt (1865–1945), 1893–1937
4. Charles Pratt (1892–?), 1937–1953
5. Francis H. Horn, 1953–1957
6. Robert Fisher Oxnam (1915–1974), 1957–1960
7. Richard H. Heindel 1961-1967
8. James B. Donovan (1916–1970), 1968–1970
9. Henry Saltzman, 1970-1972
10. Richardson Pratt Jr (1923–2001) (grandson of Charles Millard Pratt and great-grandson of Charles Pratt), 1972–1990
11. Warren F. Ilchman (1933–), 1990–1993
12. Thomas F. Schutte (1936–), 1993–2017
13. Frances Bronet, 2018–present

Academics

Rankings

University rankings
National
Forbes[30]	328
THE/WSJ[31]	227

Pratt Institute is currently unranked by U.S. News & World Report.^[32] In its specialty rankings, U.S. News & World Report ranks Pratt 8th among "Best Fine Arts Programs" and 34th in "Best Library and Information Studies Programs".^[32] The Bachelor of Architecture program has been ranked as being in the top fifteen programs in the United States consistently since 2000 according to Architectural Record.^[33] Bloomberg BusinessWeek ranked the school as being one of the top 60 schools in the world to study design,^[34] and respondents to a Business Insider survey said that the school was the 6th-best school for design in the world.^[35]

While Kiplinger's Personal Finance previously named Pratt as one of the country's best values in private colleges and universities, it is no longer listed in their rankings.^[36] It was previously included as one of the top values for academic quality and affordability out of more than 600 private institutions.

In 2021, Pratt Institute was ranked the ninth globally according to the QS World University Rankings by the subject Art and Design.^[37]

Schools and academic divisions

Pratt Institute is divided into 6 schools and more than 28 departments and divisions offering over 22 undergraduate majors and 25 graduate majors.

The schools include:

• School of Architecture
  • Department of Undergraduate Architecture
  • Department of Construction Management
  • Department of Facilities Management
  • Department of Real Estate Practice
  • Department of Graduate Architecture and Urban Design
  • Graduate Center for Planning and the Environment
• School of Art
  • Department of Foundation Art
  • Department of Art and Design Education
  • Department of Arts and Cultural Management
  • Department of Creative Arts Therapy
  • Department of Digital Arts and Animation
  • Department of Design Management
  • Department of Film and Video
  • Department of Fine Arts
  • Associate Degree Programs
• School of Design
  • Department of Communications Design
  • Department of Fashion Design
  • Department of Industrial Design
  • Department of Interior Design
• School of Liberal Arts and Sciences
  • Department of English and Humanities
  • Critical and Visual Studies
  • Department of the History of Art and Design
  • Intensive English Program
  • Department of Math and Science
  • Department of Social Science and Cultural Studies
  • Writing Program
• School of Information (Pratt has the oldest continuously accredited library-science program in the United States.)
• School of Continuing and Professional Studies

Former schools

• School of Domestic Arts and Sciences
• School of Engineering

Joint degree programs

Pratt Institute offers the following joint degree programs:^[38]

• J.D./Master in City and Regional Planning: Brooklyn Law School and Pratt Institute jointly sponsor a program leading to the degrees of Juris Doctor (J.D.) and Master of Science (M.S.) in City and Regional Planning.

Accreditation

Pratt Institute is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools and is authorized to award academic degrees by the State of New York, following guidelines established by the New York State Department of Education.^[39]

The Bachelor of Architecture degree and the Master of Architecture degree at the School of Architecture are accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board.^[40] The undergraduate Interior Design program is accredited by the Council for Interior Design Accreditation.^[41]

Graduate programs in Library and Information Science, Art Therapy, and Art Education are all accredited by the Committee on Accreditation of the American Library Association, Education Approval Board of the American Art Therapy Association, and RATE respectively.^[39] The School of Art and Design is one of only forty-three schools part of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design.^[42]

Demographics

Ethnic composition of undergraduates 2018-19^[4]

	Undergrads	U.S. Census[43]
White (non-Hispanic)	35.4%	60.4%
African-American	3.4%	13.4%
Asian American	13.2%	5.9%
Native American	0.1%	1.3%
Hispanic American (of any race)	9.5%	18.3%
Two or more races, non-Hispanic	3.5%	2.7%
International students	34.0%	(N/A)
Unknown	1.0%	(N/A)

Pratt Institute students, numbering 3,483 undergraduates and 1,392 graduate students in Fall 2019, come from 78 countries and 47 states.^[4] Women represent 71% of undergraduates and 74% of graduate students.^[4]

Brooklyn campus

Pratt Institute's main campus is located on a historic, esteemed,^[44] enclosed 25-acre (100,000 m²) campus located in the Clinton Hill neighborhood in Brooklyn, 2 miles from Downtown Brooklyn and 3 miles from Lower Manhattan. Midtown Manhattan is just 5 miles from the campus.

The campus is accessible by two public entrances, both of which close in the evening hours and are guarded by security 24 hours a day. The main gate located at Willoughby Avenue on the north side of campus is accessible for pedestrians and vehicles while the secondary pedestrian-only gate located at the corner of Hall Street and DeKalb Avenue at the southwest part of campus is convenient for commuters and for students to get to Higgins Hall. In addition, there are two other swipe card access gates available only for student use. The campus is very park-like and fully landscaped and provides a stark contrast to the urban neighborhood which surrounds the school.

The four main areas of the campus include the Library Rose Garden, Cannon Court, Newman Mall and Amphitheater, and the Engineering Quad:

• The historically significant Rose Garden is located directly north of the library and was built as a part of the library acting as a public park. At the center of the garden is a 1926 World War I memorial flagpole detailed with eagles, male, and female busts.^[45]
• The Cannon Court is located directly south of the library and serves as the main entrance from the Hall Street gate. A central feature of the court is a large bronze Spanish cannon from 1720 originally from Seville, Spain and brought to Pratt from Morro Castle in Havana, Cuba in 1899.^[24] Trees and meandering pathways lead to the library and Newman Mall.
• The Newman Mall takes up the center of the campus with many of the academic buildings alongside the mall. The mall is characterized by brick pathways with mature trees lining a central lawn. To the north of the mall is a small amphitheater, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.^[46]
• The Engineering Quadrangle, which is recognized as a historic landmark, is located north of the Newman Mall toward the eastern side of campus with the Chemistry, Machinery, and Engineering buildings enclosing the quad which has terraced landscaping and gardens with many mature trees.

The entire campus is open to the public as park space during the daytime. Throughout the campus, many contemporary sculptures fill the gardens and landscape, making the campus home to the largest sculpture park in New York City.^[29] The sculptures are loaned to Pratt and are changed on a rotating basis. Public Art Review recognized the campus as having one of the 10 best college and university art collections in the country.^[47]

List of sculptures on campus

^[48]

Displayed since	Name of Sculpture	Artist
2016	La Méditerranée	Philippe Anthonioz
1981	Accord Final	Arman
1999	Picnic Table	Siah Armajani
1993	Leaf	Ilan Averbuch
2005	The Book of Stone and Steel
2011	Maze 1	Phyllis Baker Hammond
1995	Image 95	Masaru Bando
2014	Whispering Bench— Texting,	Cathey Billian
1995	Wind Reeds	Bill & Mary Buchen
2007	Seven of Hearts	Noël Copeland
2009	Brooklyn Blooms
2013	Half Story Mountain	Grayson Cox
2002	Jive	Mark di Suvero
2013	Learning	Anne Gillen
1988-1993	Leucantha,	Philip Grausman
2004	Epistrophy, Straight No Chaser, Round Midnight	Richard Heinrich
2005	Skylark	David Henderson
2009	Silo	Tomasz Jan Groza
2001	Fourth Dimension	Ann Jon
2008	Segmented Flower Form Part 1	Mary Judge
2011	24M	Michael Kalish
2001	Lions at the Gate	Wendy Klemperer
1990-1999	6 Copper Spheres	Grace Knowlton
2003	Saratoga Winter	Harry E. Leigh
1996	F.R.S.B.	Donald Lipski
2000	Uplifting	Sandy Macleod
1979	Untitled	Michael Malpass
1988	Zinnia
1979	Tool Ball
1986	Trilogy (square)
2012	Ascent	Jackson Martin
2008-2009	Waiting for Coyote	Nao Matsumoto
1996	Manhole Covers	Brad Michael McCallum
2007	Pratt Pillows	Mark Mennin
2007	Untitled	Sung Ha No
Date unknown	Promise	Neil Noland
Date unknown	Spinoff
2011	Sun	Avital Oz
2006	Object/Product	Mark Parsons
2012	Double Sbalzo	Beverly Pepper
2006	Ecstasy	Nova Mihai Popa
2004	Aerated Rectangles	Salvatore M. Romano
2009-2010	Five Equal Volumes
Date unknown	Untitled	Tony Rosenthal
2007	Four Floating Disks	G.A. Ruda
2004	Particle/Wave,Time/Space Continuum	Karl Saliter
2006	Dream of Africa	Shin Sang-Ho
2012	Scarce of Fishing	Arden Scott
1990	Chair	Alan Siegel
2014	Intersections: Gardens #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9	Arlene Slavin
2007	Block 700	Sean Slemon
2001	Guardian	Leon Smith
2004	Red Cabinet
2002	Triangle
2006	Black E.C. Tower	Kenneth Snelson
2003	Silent Beam	Takashi Soga
2000	Siting on His Laurels	Dana L. Stewart
Date Unknown	Bench	George Sugarman
Date Unknown	Right Angles	Gunnar Theel
2012	Brickhead: Yemanga	James Tyler
Date Unknown	Three Cement Goats	Unknown Artist
2002	Mier	Boaz Vaadia
2002	Sara
2002	Rebecca
2006	Ode to Miles Davis	Hans Van de Bovenkamp
1974	Undulation
2009	The End Justifies the Means, Justifies the End ...	Martha Walker
2012	Pratt Desk	Allan Wexler
1979	Swirl	Jack Youngerman
1981	Wave
1971	Blade
2006	Welcome II	Raphael Zollinger

Buildings

Pratt is home to a diverse collection of buildings composed of several architectural styles. Most of the buildings at the school were built before World War II in the style of Romanesque Revival, Victorian, and Neoclassical styles and were designed by prominent nineteenth and twentieth century architects. After the war, Pratt began building more contemporary styled buildings.

In 2011, Architectural Digest named Pratt as being one of the top ten most architecturally significant college campuses in the country, for its seamless collection of buildings ranging from since the 1800s.^[44]

The Main Building, East Hall Building, and Student Union are all located adjacent to one another and make up a complex of the original buildings, all built specifically for the Institute in 1887:

• Located at the north-central part of campus, the Main Building is a six-story Romanesque Revival brick building designed by Lamb and Rich and was the first building to open at the school.^[12] The roof features an iconic clock tower, which overlooks the Rose Garden. The building houses administrative offices, classrooms, and art studios for the Arts Department of the School of Art and Design. In February 2013 a fire erupted throughout the top floors of the building, destroying much of the interior structure and students work.^[49]
• East Hall is located directly behind Main Hall and faces Grand Walk. Designed by William Windrim, a main feature of the brick building is the large smokestack which served the Institute's power generation plant. Within the Hall are a variety of services for students including Career Services, Student Activities, International Student Affairs, and the Pratt Chapel. Located in the lower level of the building is Pratt's continuously operating, privately owned, steam-powered electrical generating plant built originally to serve the power needs of the school. In 1977 the facility was recognized by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and named a National Mechanical Engineering Landmark.^[50]
• The Student Union, by architect William Tubby, was originally built as the Trade School building but soon after completion was completely remodeled as the Student Union complete with gymnasium and swimming pool. In 1982 the building was renovated again as the new Student Union.^[24] All three buildings wrap around an interior courtyard which connects out to the Newman Mall and Library Rose Garden. The centerpiece of the courtyard is a 17th-century Italian marble well-head fountain purchased by the Pratt family in 1900.^[24]

Other structures include:

• South Hall, located along Reyerson Walk to the direct south of Main Building, was finished in 1892 by William Tubby and was built as the Pratt High School.^[51] When the high school closed near the turn-of-the-century, the building was used for the School of Domestic Arts and Sciences. The building is now home to classrooms, studios, and offices for programs in the Department of Fine Arts, part of the School of Art and Design.
• Pratt Institute Library, which was opened in 1888 to serve students and the general public as well, became the first free Public Library in Brooklyn. The architect of the building was William Tubby of Brooklyn. The decoration in the building was done by the Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company.
• The Chemistry, Machinery, and Engineering Buildings are located across from Grand Walk and East Building, which are clustered around the Engineering Quad's lawn and gardens. They were built in phases between 1908 and 1928 and designed by architecture firm Howells & Stokes .^[12] These buildings originally housed courses for Pratt's School of Engineering until it was dismantled in 1993. The machinery building houses, a Print lab, Metal Shop, Ceramics Studios and WoodShop. The second floor of the Engineering building now houses Pratt's largest computer lab on campus, with several classrooms of Mac and PC workstations and a collection of scanners, printers, and plotters. The basement houses Pratt's Material Lab and Center for Sustainable Design Strategies.
• The school's auditorium, Memorial Hall, was built in 1927 with John Mead Howells serving as the architect. It is located across from the Rose Garden along Reyerson Walk, between the Main Building and North Hall.
• Built as part of the urban renewal project led by Robert Moses, North Hall is located directly north of Memorial Hall and was designed by McKim, Mead, and White in 1958.^[24] The building houses Pratt's Main cafeteria and the school's bank. Classrooms for the School of Liberal Arts and Sciences are located on the upper levels of the building.
• DeKalb Hall and the Information Science Center were also designed by McKim, Mead, and White earlier in 1955. They originally served as men's and women's dormitories respectively until Pratt acquired Willoughby Hall.^[24] After the acquisition of Willoughby, the buildings were remodeled to serve classroom and administrative needs. DeKalb Hall, located to the far west of campus and south of the Library and Cannon Court, is home to administrative offices. The Information Science Center is also located to the far west of campus, but north of the Library and Rose Garden, which was home to the School of Information.
• The Juliana Curran Terian Design Center is made up of two separate wings, Steuben Hall to the east and Pratt Studios west, which hold all of Pratt's design programs. Located at the southern edge of the campus between Pantas Hall and the Athletics and Recreation Center, this building is home to the Interior Design, Industrial Design, Communication Design, and Fashion Design Departments, as well as the givetake art supply recycling initiative. At the center of the building there is a small courtyard. Originally the center was two separate buildings that were acquired by Pratt in 1962 and 1970, respectively.^[12] The buildings were originally built around the turn-of-the-century and served as factories until Pratt acquired them. A new glass and metal entry pavilion, named in honor of architecture alumni and donor Juliana Curran Terian, was constructed in 2007^[52] and was designed to the two original, separate, brick buildings. The lead architect for the project was the School of Architecture's Dean, Thomas Hanrahan.^[52]
• Myrtle Hall is Pratt's newest building, having opened in 2010. The building, located one block north of campus, was designed by Pratt Institute School of Architecture alumnus Jack Esterson AIA of the New York City architecture and engineering firm WASA/Studio A, and has achieved LEED Gold Certification. The building houses Student Services (registrar, bursar, and financial aid), Admissions, the Pratt Center for Community Development, and the Digital Art Center.
• The Caroline Ladd Pratt House is owned by the school. It is used as the college president's mansion and for gala events.^[53] It was completed in 1898 and designed by architects Babb, Cook, and Willard for Frederic B. Pratt, the Institute's third president, the son of Charles Pratt (and family). It is located two blocks west of the school on Clinton Avenue, near the other Pratt family mansions.
• Higgins Hall, located one block south of the main campus, houses the entire School of Architecture with the exception of Construction Management programs. The historic Romanesque Revival landmark building with a contemporary center wing houses the school's Administrative Offices, computer labs, student classrooms and laboratories, a lecture hall, a small café, and the Hazel and Robert H. Siegel Gallery. The building was originally built for the prestigious Adelphi Academy, now Adelphi University in phases from 1868 through 1890 by Mundell and Teckritz and Charles C. Haight. Charles Pratt also partially funded construction of the building as part of his philanthropic efforts.^[54] The building was given to Pratt Institute in 1965 by the wife of John Higgins, architect and alumni of Adelphi Academy. The School of Architecture was relocated here.^[55] In 1996, the building experienced a major fire, destroying the center wing of the building and severely damaging the northern and southern wings.^[56] In 2005, the school replaced the center wing with a new sleek and contemporary glass structure, which linked historic brick northern and southern wings designed by Steven Holl, and incorporated complementary contrast to the original essence.^[57] As part of the rebuilding of Higgins Hall, Rogers Marvel Architects restored and renovated the original nineteenth century wings to their former glory.^[58]

Historic sites

Pratt Institute Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Location	Roughly bounded by Hall St., Dekalb Ave., Willoughby St. and Emerson Pl., Brooklyn, New York
Area	9 acres (3.6 ha)
Architect	Multiple
Architectural style	Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Renaissance, Romanesque
NRHP reference #	90001138 [59]
Added to NRHP	March 23, 2005

A number of Pratt Institute's buildings and landscapes are historically significant. The Pratt Institute Historic District is a national historic district that comprises 10 contributing buildings built between 1885 and 1936. Several buildings are recognized as being New York City Designated Landmarks. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005^[59] and was awarded the Getty Foundation Campus Heritage Grant.^[60] Two buildings outside the historic district, Higgins Hall and the Caroline Ladd Pratt House are also listed on the historic register as being a part of the Clinton Hill Historic District. The buildings and structures listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places for their architectural or historical significance are:^[12]

Caroline Ladd Pratt House Chemistry Building Children's Portico East Hall Engineering Building

Engineering Quadrangle Higgins Hall Machinery Building Main Building Main Building Courtyard Memorial Hall

Pratt Institute Library Pratt Institute Library Rose Garden South Hall Student Union

Residence halls

Pratt, a residential campus, offers seven different residence options for its students. All residence hall students are provided with a bed (twin extra-long), a desk, a chair and a dresser. Students residing in a dorm on campus are required to be on a mandatory meal plan (Stabile, Cannoneer, ELJ, and Pantas), while those off campus are able to sign up for an optional meal plan (Willoughby and Grand Avenue). Cannoneer Court, Leo J. Pantas Hall, and Vincent A. Stabile Hall are the primary freshman dorms. In total, 51 percent of undergraduate students reside on campus while 92 percent of incoming freshmen students reside on campus.^[61] Pratt offers the following residence halls for students to choose from:

• Cannoneer Court, was designed by architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill in 1986 and was constructed using modular construction. Each individual dorm room was constructed off-site and then set into place like building blocks. This is Pratt's only traditional, corridor-style residence hall and houses students in double rooms. Bathrooms are communal. The building has a lounge and study/work area as well as a garden courtyard. The rooms are air-conditioned and carpeted. Cannoneer Court is primarily a freshman residence hall. This hall is to be replaced with Emerson Hall in the fall 2019 semester.
• Esther Lloyd-Jones Hall is named for a trendsetter in modern American higher education.^[62] The building was originally a private apartment building built in 1921 but was acquired by Pratt in 1964 as use for dormitories. ELJH accommodates students single and double rooms in apartment-style accommodations. ELJH is occupied primarily by upperclassmen continuing students.
• Grand Avenue Residence is home to new and continuing graduate students. The building can accommodate 50 students in efficiency apartments (double and single) and private single rooms within two- and three-bedroom apartments. A double-efficiency apartment is two students sharing a one-room apartment (with kitchen and bath). A single-efficiency apartment is one student in a private one-room apartment with kitchen and bath. A shared single is two or more students, each with its own private bedroom, sharing kitchen, bath, and living room. The building is located one block from campus. Each living room is furnished with a sofa, club chair, coffee table, kitchen table, and chairs.
• Leo J. Pantas Hall was opened in 1987 and designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and sits centrally located on campus. Students live in four-person suites, which consist of two double rooms (two people in each double room), and each suite has its own bathroom. Suites are single sex, but floors are co-ed. The building boasts a work/study rooms and communal lounges. The building was design in brick with a clock tower, echoing the style of original 1887 Main Building. Pantas is primarily a freshmen residence hall.

• The Pratt Townhouses are historic landmarks which were originally constructed from 1901 to 1910 in the colonial revival style to serve as faculty housing. The townhomes were designed by Hobart C. Walker. After being neglected for several years, Pratt is in the process of renovating the apartments to be used by upperclassmen.
• Vincent A. Stabile Hall opened in the Fall of 1999 and designed by Pasanella+Klein, Stolzman+Berg Architects. Named for the donor and graduate of the Engineering School, it was designed for new undergraduate students. It houses 240 students in four-person suites. Each suite consists of two double rooms with a shared bath. There are kitchenettes located on each floor. Stabile is primarily a freshmen residence hall.
• Emerson Hall is the newest dorm on the Pratt campus, built specifically to be a freshman dorm. The dorm is off campus, next to the film and video building. The dorm contains double rooms and triple rooms, with several bathrooms on each floor to be shared by those inhabiting each floor. Emerson will be open for living in the fall 2019 semester.
• Willoughby Hall is a former private apartment building built as part of Robert Moses' urban renewal projects surround Pratt, and is the largest residence hall. Built in 1957 by architect John Mead Howells, the 16-story building accommodates 800 undergraduate men and women. In addition to the standard furniture, all apartments have a kitchen table, stove, and refrigerator. All students are assigned to double, triple, or single spaces. The converted apartments consist of at least one double or triple that occupies the former living-room space of the apartment. The number of students residing in a given apartment ranges from two to six students, depending upon the size of the converted apartment—studio, one, two, or three bedroom.

Transportation

Pratt does not provide any official sponsored transportation options for its students, but there are several public transportation options located directly off Pratt's main campus.

The school is served by MTA New York City Bus routes with the B38 bus route servicing the campus to the south with stations along DeKalb and Lafayette Avenues and the B54 bus route serving the area north of the campus along Myrtle Avenue.^[63] In addition, the New York City Subway's Template:NYCS Crosstown train has a station located at the intersection of Washington and Lafayette Avenues. The Clinton–Washington Avenues station (IND Crosstown Line) is located directly across the street from Higgins Hall. In addition, the Template:NYCS Fulton local day train has an entrance to Clinton–Washington Avenues station (IND Fulton Street Line) four blocks south of the Hall Gate entrance and three blocks south of Higgins Hall.^[64]

New York City's public bike-share program, Citi Bike, has stations nearby at Lafayette Avenue and Saint James Place; at Hall Street and Willoughby Avenue; and at Emerson Place and Myrtle Avenue.^[65]

The Long Island Rail Road at Atlantic Terminal, is located a short walk from the campus. Pratt participates in New Jersey Transit's University Partnership Program where students can receive a twenty-five percent discount on monthly passes based out of Penn Station in Manhattan.^[66]

Pratt Manhattan

The Pratt Manhattan center, located at 144 West 14th Street, between 6th and 7th Avenue, is home to Pratt's associate degrees programs in graphic design, illustration, and digital design and interactive media, an undergraduate program in construction management, several of Pratt's graduate programs including the master's degrees in the School of Information, Facilities management, Design Management, Arts and Cultural Management, and the School of Continuing and Professional Studies which offers an array of non-credit courses and Certificate Programs, including certificates in Digital Design, Advanced Perfumery, Creative Interiors, Floral Art and Design, among many others. This seven story historic building was acquired by Pratt in 2000. The Institute restored the building's exterior to its original facade highlighting its decorative architectural and design elements and renovated the interior to feature its high ceilings and wood beams. A lovely staircase from the building's lobby leads to the Pratt Manhattan Gallery.

This new building houses the School for Information, the Graduate Programs in Design Management, Arts and cultural Management, the two-year associate degree Programs in Digital Design, Graphic Design and Illustration, and the Manhattan office of the School of Continuing and Professional Studies. The modern building has many resources like a library, computer lab and meeting spaces.

In 1974, the New York Phoenix School of Design, formerly the New York School of Applied Design for Women and the Phoenix Art Institute, merged with the Pratt Institute to form the Pratt-New York Phoenix School of Design, which offered three-year certificate programs in art and design at least into the late 1970s. It is located in the landmark New York School of Applied Design Building at 160 Lexington Avenue, at the northwest corner of Lexington and 30th Street.^[67] At this time, Manhattan had long been the epicenter of publishing design during the latter-twentieth century. This new commercial-art-dedicated satellite was modeled to apply intensely concentrated vocational training in graphic design, illustration, package design, and textile design. Its faculty was largely composed of Manhattan's working professionals, who themselves had achieved the level of skill necessary to meet the city's global-defining standards. Magazines, books, music albums, movie posters, print and television advertisements and packaging for all forms of retail products were the intended goals for its graduates, as well as Manhattan's omnipresent fashion industry. In addition, the below-ground space in the school was converted into a state of the art printmaking facility, teaching artist-created lithography, silk screening and engraving.

Student life

Pratt Cats

Pratt institute is known for the campus's "Pratt Cats" which roam freely on campus, and inspired the schools's mascot, Charlie. The cats each have their own names and personalities, including but not limited to: Charlie, L'il Mama, Mustachio, Shadow, Thomas, and Benji. The cats have heated homes on campus, and are fed by staff and students.

Athletics

The Pratt Cannoneers, a founding member of the Hudson Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (USCAA), has varsity teams competing in men's basketball, soccer, cross-country, indoor/outdoor track, and tennis; as well as women's soccer, tennis, cross-country, indoor/outdoor track, and volleyball.

The men's basketball team has a storied tradition, including the fourth-longest collegiate basketball rivalry in the nation between Pratt and Polytechnic University (Brooklyn, NY), with Pratt holding the overall record 78-59. The Cannoneers also took home a national collegiate championship title in 1901, and made four NAIA ('59, '60, '61, and '62) and two ECAC ('77,'79) post-season appearances. Former players included Ed Mazria ('62), who was drafted by the New York Knicks, and Anthony Heyward ('94), who currently tours with the And1 streetball team as "Half Man Half Amazing". Bernard Chang was formerly captain of the Men's Varsity basketball team.

The men's soccer team won the NAIA tournament in 1959, edging Elizabethtown College 4-3 in double overtime.

The women's cross-country team recently captured the 2006 HMWAC championship title and coach Dalton Evans won "Coach of the Year" honors. The men's cross-country team also has a championship title. The women's tennis team has won three HVWAC titles, including an appearance in the ECAC tournament.

In addition, there are intramural activities schedules throughout the year, ranging from individual (tennis and track & field) to team sports (soccer, basketball, volleyball, and touch football). Two premier student intramurals events include the fall classic Halloween Pratt Ratt Outdoor Obstacle Relay Race and the annual Mr. & Ms. Pratt All Thatt Fitness & Artistic Expression Pageant finale.

The Athletics Resource Center (A.R.C.) is home to the athletic department, and features the largest clear-span space in Brooklyn. It also hosts the annual Colgate Games, the nation's largest amateur track series for girls from elementary school through college.^[68]

The school's mascot, the Cannoneer, derives from the 19th century cannon that stands prominently near the main gate to the campus. Cast in bronze in Seville, Spain, the cannon bears the insignia of Philip V and was brought to Pratt from the walls of Morro Castle in Havana, Cuba, in 1899.

Beginning in fall 2018, Pratt became an exploratory Division III institution within the NCAA. Pratt also was invited to, and joined, an NCAA Division III conference, the American Collegiate Athletic Association.^[69]

Student media

Pratt has several student media groups including a Film Club.

• The Prattler is Pratt's quarterly student magazine/newspaper, established in 1940.
• Static Fish, a comic book publication established over 20 years ago.
• Ubiquitous is Pratt's literary and arts magazine, published twice a year with reading event on campus per semester and also maintains a blog.^[70]
• Pratt's yearbook, Prattonia, is designed by selected Pratt students.
• Pratt Radio, a student-run internet radio station broadcasts on the web. Originally broadcasting from a limited-range signal in the mid-1980s, the FCC stepped in and shut the operation down after students modified the broadcast tower, rendering Pratt Radio pirate radio.^{[citation needed]} The station later re-emerged in 2001 as a legitimate internet-only station.
• The Felt is an online journal of poetry and prose from the MFA Writing program.^[71]

Fraternities and sororities

The Inter-Greek Council is responsible for all Greek life organizations at Pratt Institute. In total, Pratt offers two fraternities for male students and two sororities for female students:

• Kappa Sigma
• Pi Sigma Chi
• Theta Phi Alpha
• Sigma Sigma Sigma

Notable alumni

Science, technology, and engineering

• Lloyd Espenschied
• Joshua Davis
• Bill Garity
• Donald A. Hall
• Irving Langmuir, recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.^[72]
• John M. Pierce
• David Sarnoff
• Thomas J.R. Hughes

Architecture

• Martin L. Beck
• Guy Bolton
• Alfred Mosher Butts
• Richard Foster
• Henry Hohauser
• Malcolm Holzman
• Fay Kellogg
• Johannes Knoops^[73]
• Edward Mazria
• Alan Mruvka
• George Ranalli
• Wallace Rayfield
• Mott B. Schmidt
• Annabelle Selldorf
• Peter L. Shelton
• Robert Siegel
• William Van Allen
• Lorenzo Snow Young
• Carlos Zapata
• Peter Zumthor

Government, politics, and social issues

Attorney

• Lynne Stewart

Congressmen, government officials, and politicians

• Joseph Amenowode
• William D. Byron
• Ben Knight
• George Lincoln Rockwell (left in his final year)
• Elizabeth Crowley

Religious leaders

• Charles E. Pont
• William Howard Hoople

Scholars

• Irvin Leigh Matus

Librarians

• Mary Elizabeth Wood
• Carolyn F. Ulrich

Crime

• Leo Frank

American Red Cross

• Elva A. George

Entertainment and communications

Musicians

• Suzanne Fiol
• John Flansburgh
• Daniel Lopatin
• Kim Schifino
• Matt Johnson
• Rob Zombie
• James Reams
• Lindsey Way
• Clint Houston
• Lee Sang-eun
• Kat Zhang

Actors

• Harvey Fierstein
• Martin Landau
• Jeff Morrow
• Robert Redford
• Phoebe Robinson
• Melora Walters
• Alexandra Amon

Directors/filmmakers

• Shawn Christensen
• Bob Giraldi
• Eric Goldberg
• Hawley Pratt
• Glenn Ficarra
• John Requa
• Robert Wilson

Authors/screenwriters

• Gwendolyn B. Bennett
• Mark Mathew Braunstein
• Rich Burlew
• Daniel Clowes
• Bryan Collier
• Sarah Louise Delany
• Tomie dePaola
• Glenn Ficarra
• Pete Hamill
• Norton Juster
• Arnold Lobel
• Marcus McLaurin
• Laura Numeroff
• John Peterson
• Matthew Reinhart
• John Requa
• Michael Rosen
• Elliot Tiber
• Dante Tomaselli
• Liz Hannah

Communications

• Andre Baruch
• George Lois
• Earl Mayan
• Paul Rand
• Robert Riger
• Louis Silverstein

Journalists

• Robert King

Art and design

Industrial Design

• William Boyer
• Pres Bruning
• Jason Freeny
• Donald Genaro
• Pelle Petterson
• Charles Pollock
• Tony Schwartz

Fashion Design

• Jeffrey Banks
• Donna Chambers
• Ben de Lisi
• Betsey Johnson
• Vera Maxwell
• Norman Norell
• Jeremy Scott
• Barbra Walz

Illustration

• Marshall Arisman
• C. C. Beall
• Daniel Clowes
• Frances W. Delehanty
• Tomie dePaola
• Cheryl Hanna
• Candy Jernigan
• Jacqui Morgan
• Kadir Nelson
• Roberto Parada
• Robert Sabuda
• Bernard Safran
• Sam Savitt
• Gordon A. Sheehan
• Pamela Colman Smith
• Leonard Starr
• Samm Schwartz (Archie comics illustrator)
• Cyndy Szekeres
• Chris Tsirgiotis

Fine Arts

• Imna Arroyo
• David Ascalon
• Ken Bald
• Joseph Barbera
• Leigh Behnke
• Aisha Tandiwe Bell
• Trudy Benson
• Dave Berg
• Willard Bond
• Emery Bopp
• Paul Calle
• Aurore Chabot
• Bernard Chang
• Roger Cook
• Louis Delsarte
• Gus Edson
• Frances Farrand Dodge
• Jules Feiffer
• Richard Gallo
• Mary Godfrey
• Felix Gonzalez-Torres
• Bill Griffith
• Jim Hodges
• Samantha Katz
• Ellsworth Kelly
• Jack Kirby
• Lili Lakich
• Greer Lankton
• Victoria de Lesseps
• Kermit Love
• Gina Lucia
• Peter Max
• Philomena Marano
• Soraya Marcano
• Robert Mapplethorpe
• Wendy McMurdo
• Mort Meskin
• Sergio Rossetti Morosini
• Cyrilla Mozenter
• Marilyn Nance
• Abraham Nathanson
• Martin Nodell
• David Nyzio
• Roxy Paine
• Denis Peterson
• Albert John Pucci
• David Ratcliff
• Nicholas Reale^[74]
• Edna Reindel
• Willy Bo Richardson
• Mario Robinson
• Mike Roy
• Stefan Sagmeister
• Jenny Scobel
• Barbara Segal
• Joan Semmel
• Hadieh Shafie
• Nat Mayer Shapiro
• Susan Louise Shatter
• Jean Shin
• Rob Sheridan
• David Silverman
• Joseph A. Smith
• Yoshi Sodeoka
• Therman Statom
• Swoon
• Joseph Szabo
• Susan L. Talbott
• Mickalene Thomas
• Salman Toor
• Boaz Vaadia
• Frank Verlizzo
• Max Weber
• Kent Williams
• William T. Williams
• Terry Winters
• Lance Wyman
• Robert Yasuda

Sports

• Sarah Schkeeper

Business

• Fred Trump

Notable faculty

• Andrea Ackerman, artist
• Joseph Barbera, animator and co-creator of the Tom and Jerry series of animated shorts
• Karen Bausman, architect
• Jonathan Beller, film theorist
• Michael Brennan, painter
• Howard Buchwald, artist
• Jonas Coersmeier, architect
• Peggy Cyphers, painter
• Arthur Deshaies, printmaker
• Greg Drasler, painter
• Arthur Wesley Dow, decorative arts
• Fritz Eichenberg, printmaker
• Carla Gannis, artist
• Tula Giannini, musicologist, information scientist
• Philip Guston, painter
• Eric Goldberg, film director and animator
• Ralph Johonnot, taught color theory, decorative arts, and interior design (1909–1912), former head of design department.
• Peter Kayafas, photographer
• Josh Koury, filmmaker
• Manuel de Landa (adjunct), philosopher, artist
• Thomas Lanigan-Schmidt, painter
• Jacob Lawrence, painter
• Philip Johnson, architect
• Thomas, Mickalene, artist
• Sibyl Moholy-Nagy, architectural and art historian
• Mario Naves, art critic
• Toshio Odate, Japanese woodworker, sculptor^[75]
• Denis Peterson, painter
• Nasser Sharify, father of international librarianship
• Matthew Sharpe, author
• Charles Warner, architect
• Eva Zeisel, ceramic artist/designer

References

Further reading

External links

• Pratt Institute—Documentary produced by Treasures of New York
• Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. NY-70, "Pratt Institute, Power Generating Plant, Willoughby Avenue between Classen & Hall Streets, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY", 2 photos, 1 data page, 1 photo caption page

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