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Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

Topic: Organization

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 11 min
Short description: Belgium-based international organization formed in 1991
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

Flag of
Flag
Logo of
Logo
Members of UNPO. Former members are in dark gray.
Members of UNPO. Former members are in dark gray.
Membership44 groups[1]
Leaders
• President[2]
Edna Adan Ismail
• Vice-Presidents[2]
Elisenda Paluzie
Rubina Greenwood
• Presidency members include
Abdirahman Mahdi
Dolkun Isa
Paul Strauss
Tina Rose Muña Barnes
Establishment11 February 1991
Website
{{{1}}}

The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, or simply UNPO is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalised nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991[3][4] in The Hague, Netherlands. Its members consist of indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories.

UNPO works to develop the understanding of and respect for the right to self-determination, provides advice and support related to questions of international recognition and political autonomy, trains groups on how to advocate for their causes effectively, and directly advocates for an international response to human rights violations perpetrated against UNPO member groups. Some former members, such as Armenia, East Timor, Estonia, Latvia, Georgia and Palau, have gained full independence and joined the United Nations (UN).[5][6]

History

UNPO was conceived of in the 1980s by leaders of self-determination movements, Linnart Mäll of the Congress of Estonia, Erkin Alptekin of East Turkestan, and Lodi Gyari of Tibet, together with Michael van Walt van Praag (nl), along with the international law adviser of the 14th Dalai Lama. The founders were representatives of national movements of Estonia, Latvia, Tibet, Crimean Tatars, Armenia, Georgia, Tatarstan, East Turkestan, East Timor, Australian Aboriginals, the Cordillera in the Philippines, the Greek minority in Albania, Kurdistan, Palau, Taiwan, and West Papua.[7] A key UNPO goal was, and remains, to replicate the success of the 14th Dalai Lama's and the Tibetan people's non-violent message in the face of oppression and occupation.[8][9]

UNPO chose for its founding headquarters in 1991 The Hague in the Netherlands because the city aimed at becoming the International City of Peace and Justice and hosts international courts like the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and International Criminal Court (ICC). A Foundation was established in the Netherlands to provide secretarial support to the UNPO General Assembly and to carry out research and educational activities related to unrepresented peoples worldwide. The Foundation maintains a permanent presence before the European Union, United States and United Nations. It is funded by a combination of member contributions, donations from individuals and project-based grants from foundations.[citation needed]

Aims

UNPO's vision is to affirm democracy as a fundamental human right, implement human, civil and political rights worldwide, uphold the universal right to autonomy and self-determination, and further federalism. It encourages nonviolent methodologies to reach peaceful solutions to conflicts and oppression. UNPO supports members in getting their human and cultural rights respected and in preserving their environments. The organization provides a forum for members to network and assists them in participating at an international level.[8]

Although UNPO members often have different goals, they have one thing in common: they are generally not represented diplomatically (or only with a minor status, such as observer) in major international institutions, such as the United Nations (UN). As a result, their ability to have their concerns addressed by the global bodies mandated to protect human rights and address conflict is limited.[8]

UNPO is dedicated to the five principles enshrined in its Covenant:

  • The equal right to self-determination;
  • Adherence to the internationally accepted human rights standards as laid down in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action and other international instruments;
  • Adherence to the principles of democratic pluralism and rejection of totalitarianism and religious intolerance;
  • Promotion of non-violence and the rejection of terrorism as an instrument of policy; and
  • Protection of the natural environment.

All members are required to sign and abide by the UNPO Covenant.[10] UNPO members are required to be nonviolent.[11]

Members

The following are listed as members by the UNPO.[12]

Original members are listed with pink background and in bold. Members who are recognised as independent countries by at least 1 UN Member or by other countries recognised by at least 1 UN member are marked by asterisk (*).

Member Date joined Represented by Ref
Abkhazians* 1991 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Abkhazia [13]
Aceh 1991 Acheh-Sumatra National Liberation Front [14]
Template:Country data Volkstaat Afrikaners 2008 Freedom Front Plus [15]
Ahwazi 2003 Democratic Solidarity Party of Ahwaz [16]
Assyrians 1991 Assyrian Universal Alliance [17]
Balochistan 2008 Balochistan National Party (Mengal) [18]
Template:Country data Barotseland Barotseland 2013 Barotse National Freedom Alliance [19]
Bellah people 2017 Malian Association for the Preservation of Bellah Culture [20]
Biafra Biafra 2020 Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra/Biafra Independence Movement [1][21]
Template:Country data Brittany Brittany 2015 Kelc’h An Dael (br) [22]
Catalonia Catalans 2018 Assemblea Nacional Catalana [23]
Chittagong Hill Tracts 1991 Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti [24]
Crimean Tatars 1991 Milli Mejlis [25]
District of Columbia (Washington, DC) 2015 D.C. Statehood Congressional Delegation [26]
Template:Country data East Turkestan East Turkestan 1991 World Uyghur Congress [27]
Gilgit Baltistan 2008 Gilgit Baltistan Democratic Alliance [28]
Guam Guam 2020 Government of Guam [1][21]
Haratin 2011 Initiative de Résurgence du Mouvement Abolitionniste en Mauritanie [29]
Hmong 2007 Congress of World Hmong People [30]
Iranian Kurds 2007 Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan and Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan [31]
Kabylia 2017 MAK-Anavad [32]
Khmer Krom 2001 Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation [33]
Lezghin 2012 Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy [34]
Nagalim 1993 National Socialist Council of Nagalim [35]
Template:Country data Ogaden Ogaden 2010 Ogaden National Liberation Front [36]
Template:Country data Ogoni Ogoni 1993 Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People [37]
Oromo 2004 Oromo Liberation Front [38]
Rehoboth Basters 2007 Captains Council [39]
Template:Country data Savoy Savoy 2014 Provisional Government of the State of Savoy [40]
Sindhis 2002 World Sindhi Congress [41]
Somaliland Somaliland* 2004 Government of Somaliland [42]
Template:Country data South Moluccas South Moluccas 1991 Republic of South Moluccas [43]
Southern Azerbaijanis 2007 South Azerbaijan Democratic Party [44]
Southern Mongolians 2007 Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center [45]
Sulu 2015 Sulu Foundation of Nine Ethnic Tribes [46]
Taiwan Taiwan* 1991 Taiwan Foundation for Democracy [47]
Tibet Tibet 1991 Central Tibetan Administration [48]
West Balochistan 2005 Balochistan People's Party [49]
Western Togolanders 2017 Homeland Study Group Foundation [50]
Template:Country data Republic of West Papua West Papuans 11 February 1991 Free Papua Movement [7][51]
Yoruba people 2020 Yoruba World Congress [1][21]
Zambesia 2020 Movement for the Survival of the River Races of Zambesia [1][21]

Former members

Some members of the UNPO have left because of United Nations (UN) recognition, autonomy agreements, or for other reasons.

The following lists former and suspended members.[12]

Former members who became part of the UN are highlighted with a blue background and italics. Original members (from 11 February 1991) are listed with pink background and in bold. Former members who are recognised as independent countries by at least 1 UN Member or by other countries recognised by at least 1 UN member are marked by asterisk (*). Suspended members are marked by yellow background.

Former member Date joined Date withdrew Note Ref
Aboriginals of Australia 1991 2012 Represented by National Committee to Defend Black Rights [52]
Albanians in North Macedonia 1994 2008 Reached agreement on wider rights with North Macedonia in 2001 [53]
Amazigh 2014 2016 Represented by World Amazigh Congress [54]
Ambazonia 2006 2021 Represented by the Southern Cameroons National Council and Ambazonia Governing Council (from September 2018). [55]
 Armenia 1991 1992 Became member of the UN in 1992 [56]
Bashkortostan Bashkortostan 1996 1998 [57]
Batwa 1993 2019 Cultural Conservation Act [58]
Bougainville 1991 2008 Reached an agreement with Papua New Guinea in 2021, in which Bougainville will be independent by 2027 [59]
Buffalo River Dene Nation 2004 2009 [60]
 Burma 2008 2010 Represented by National Council of the Union of Burma. The Myanmar military junta was dissolved in 2011. [61]
Buryatia Buryatia 1996 2010 Represented by All-Buryat Association for the Development of Culture [62]
Cabinda 1997 2011 Represented by the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda [63]
Chameria 2015 2019 Democratic Foundation of Chameria [64][12]
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria* 1991 2010 Government-in-exile in London. [65]
Chin 2001 2016 Represented by Chin National Front [66]
Chuvashia Chuvash 1993 2008 Represented by the Chuvash National Congress [67]
Template:Country data Circassia Circassia 1994 2015 Represented by International Circassian Association [68]
Cordillera 1991 2015 Represented by Cordillera Peoples' Alliance [69]
Degar-Montagnards 2003 2016 Represented by Montagnard Foundation, Inc. [70]
 East Timor 1993 2002 Became member of the UN in 2002 [71]
 Estonia 1991 1991 Became member of the UN in 1991 [72]
Gagauzia 1994 2007 Reached autonomy agreement with Moldova in 1994 [73]
 Georgia 1991 1992 Became member of the UN in 1991 [74]
Greek minority in Albania 1991 2012 Represented by Omonoia [75]
Hungary Hungarian minority in Romania 1994 2015 Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania [76]
Ingushetia Ingushetia 1994 2008 [77]
Inkeri 1993 2009 [78]
Kurdistan Region Iraqi Kurdistan 1991 2015 Represented by Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan [79]
Iraqi Turkmen 1991 2016 Represented by Iraqi Turkmen Front, Turkmen Nationalist Movement, Turkmen Wafa Movement, and Islamic Union of Iraqi Turkmens [80]
Kalahui Hawaii 1993 2012 Represented by Ka Lahui Hawaii [81]
Karenni State 1993 2012 Represented by Karenni National Progressive Party[failed verification] [82]
Khalistan 1993[83] 4 August 1993 Membership suspended on 4 August 1993 and suspension made permanent 22 January 1995.[84] [85]
Komi Republic Komi 1993 2009 [86]
Template:Country data Kosova Kosovo* 1991 2018 Represented by Democratic League of Kosovo [87]
Kumyk 1997 2008 [88]
Lakota Nation 1994 2007 Followed by the declaration of the Republic of Lakotah [89]
Latin American Indigenous Peoples (Project) 2016 ? [12]
 Latvia 1991 1991 Became member of the UN in 1991 [90]
Template:Country data Maasai people Maasai 2004 2012 Represented by Maasai Women for Education and Economic Development [91]
Maohi 1994 2007 Represented by Hiti Tau [92]
Madhesh 2017 October 30 2023 Represented by Alliance for Independent Madhesh [93]
Mapuche 1993 2016 Represented by Mapuche Inter-Regional Council [94]
Mari 1991 2009 [95]
Mon 1996 2012 Represented by Mon Unity League [96]
Moro 2010 2014 Represented by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, autonomy and peace deal with the government in 2014 [97]
Nahua Del Alto Balsas 2004 2008 [98]
Nuxalk Nation 1998 2008 [99]
 Palau (Belau) 1991 1994 Became member of the UN in 1994 [100]
Rusyn 1998 2007 [101]
Yakutia Sakha 1993 1998 [102]
Template:Country data Sandžak Sanjak 1993 2011 Represented by the Bosnian National Council of Sanjak [103]
Template:Country data Skåneland Scania (Skåneland) 1993 2011 Membership suspended on 18 September 2011.[104] [105]
Shan 1997 2010 [106]
South Arabia 2016 Represented by the Southern Democratic Assembly for Self-Determination for South Arabia's People [107]
Talysh 2014 National Talysh Movement [108]
Tatarstan Tatarstan 1991 2008 [109]
Trieste (Free Territory of Trieste) 2014 Represented by TRIEST NGO [110]
Tsimshian 2007 2011 [111]
Tuva Tuva 1996 2010 [112]
Udmurtia Udmurt 1993 2013 Represented by Udmurt Council [113]
Vhavenda 2003 2015 Represented by Dabalorivhuwa Patriotic Front [114]
Zanzibar Zanzibar 1991 2015 Represented by Zanzibar Democratic Alternative, in cooperation with the Civic United Front [115]

Suspensions

UNPO's representing nations may become suspended from the Organization if they fail to follow its covenant.[116]

In 24 January 1993, Template:Country data Khalistan was briefly admitted in the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, but was suspended in a few months. The membership suspension was made permanent on 22 January 1995.[117][118]

Template:Country data Scania was also suspended on 18 September 2011.[119]

Leadership

Secretaries general[120]

Name Term
Netherlands Michael van Walt van Praag (nl) (Netherlands) 1991–1998
Tibet Tsering Jampa (fr) (Tibet) 1997–1998
Australian Aboriginal Flag.svg Helen S. Corbett (Australian Aboriginals) 1998–1999
Template:Country data East Turkestan Erkin Alptekin (Uyghurs) 1999–2003
Italy Marino Busdachin (Italy) 2003–2018
Template:Country data America Ralph J. Bunche III (USA) 2018–2023
Catalonia Mercè Monje Cano (Catalonia) 2023–current

Chair/Presidents of the General Assembly

  • Linnart Mäll – (Estonia) 1991–1993
  • Erkin Alptekin – (Uyghurs) 1993–1997
  • Seif Sharif Hamad – (Zanzibar) 1997–2001
  • John J. Nimrod – (Assyrians) 2001–2005
  • Göran Hansson – (Scania) 2005–2006
  • Ledum Mitee – (Ogoni) 2006–2010
  • Ngawang Choephel Drakmargyapon – (Tibet) 2010–2015
  • Nasser Boladai – (West Balochistan) 2015–2022
  • Edna Adan Ismail - (Somaliland) since 2022

Special Executive Director

  • Karl Habsburg-Lothringen – (Austria) 19 January 2002 – 31 December 2002
  • Mercè Monje Cano – (Catalonia) 01 October 2021 – current (acting as Interim Secretary General since 2023)

See also

  • Federal Union of European Nationalities
  • Micronation
  • League for Small and Subject Nationalities
  • United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
  • Universal Declaration of the Rights of Peoples
  • List of active separatist movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations
  • European Free Alliance
  • Stateless nation

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "UNPO Welcomes 5 New Members!". UNPO. 3 August 2020. https://unpo.org/article/22010. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "UNPO Organizational Structure". UNPO. http://unpo.org/section/2/6. 
  3. ↑ "UNPO World Statesman.org". Worldstatesman. http://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html. 
  4. ↑ "About UNPO". UNPO. http://www.unpo.org/section/2. 
  5. ↑ Crossette, Barbara (18 December 1994). "Those Knocking, Unheeded, at UN's Doors Find Champion". New York Times. https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE1DB1238F93BA25751C1A962958260. 
  6. ↑ Tishkov, Valerie (July 2008). "An Anthropology of NGOs". Eurozine. http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2005-06-01-tishkov-en.html. Retrieved 19 July 2008. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Simmons, Mary Kate, ed (1996). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization Yearbook 1995. Kluwer Law International. pp. 1–3. ISBN 90-411-0223-X. OCLC 36779050. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 UNPO 20th Anniversary Publication: Twenty Years of Promoting Nonviolence, Human Rights and Self Determination. The Hague, Netherlands: UNPO. 2011. http://www.unpo.org/downloads/428.pdf. Retrieved 6 September 2012. 
  9. ↑ Gluckman, Ron (1998). "World's wanna-be republics find a home with UNPO". Asiaweek. http://www.gluckman.com/unpo.html. 
  10. ↑ "UNPO: UNPO Covenant". https://unpo.org/section/2/1. 
  11. ↑ Bob, Clifford (2005). The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, Media, and International Activism. Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48, 76–77. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 "Members". UNPO. http://unpo.org/members.php. 
  13. ↑ "UNPO: Abkhazia". UNPO. 16 February 2015. https://unpo.org/members/7854. 
  14. ↑ "UNPO: Acheh". UNPO. 19 January 2018. https://unpo.org/members/7786. 
  15. ↑ "UNPO: Afrikaners". UNPO. 28 July 2017. https://unpo.org/members/8148. 
  16. ↑ "UNPO: Ahwazi". UNPO. 9 November 2017. https://unpo.org/members/7857. 
  17. ↑ "UNPO: Assyria". UNPO. 19 January 2018. https://unpo.org/members/7859. 
  18. ↑ "UNPO: Balochistan". UNPO. 5 April 2018. https://unpo.org/members/8014. 
  19. ↑ "UNPO: Barotseland". UNPO. 18 August 2015. https://unpo.org/members/16714. 
  20. ↑ "UNPO: Bellah People". UNPO. 6 July 2017. https://unpo.org/members/20198. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 "Guam: Territory to be Inducted into UNPO". UNPO. 31 July 2020. https://unpo.org/article/22015. 
  22. ↑ "UNPO: Brittany". UNPO. 8 July 2015. https://unpo.org/members/18358. 
  23. ↑ "UNPO: UNPO Welcomes the Assemblea Nacional Catalana as its Newest Member". UNPO. 10 January 2019. https://unpo.org/article/21315. 
  24. ↑ "UNPO: Chittagong Hill Tracts". UNPO. 31 May 2018. https://unpo.org/members/7867. 
  25. ↑ "UNPO: Crimean Tatars". UNPO. 19 October 2017. https://unpo.org/members/7871. 
  26. ↑ "UNPO: District of Columbia (Washington, DC)". UNPO. 4 December 2015. https://unpo.org/members/18770. 
  27. ↑ "UNPO: East Turkestan". UNPO. 16 December 2015. https://unpo.org/members/7872. 
  28. ↑ "UNPO: Gilgit Baltistan". UNPO. 11 September 2017. https://unpo.org/members/8727. 
  29. ↑ "UNPO: Haratin". UNPO. 10 April 2017. https://unpo.org/members/13228. 
  30. ↑ "UNPO: Hmong". UNPO. 17 July 2017. https://unpo.org/members/7891. 
  31. ↑ "UNPO: Iranian Kurdistan". UNPO. https://unpo.org/members/7882. 
  32. ↑ "UNPO: Kabylia". UNPO. 6 July 2017. https://unpo.org/members/20196. 
  33. ↑ "UNPO: Khmer-Krom". UNPO. 30 January 2018. https://unpo.org/members/7887. 
  34. ↑ "UNPO: Lezghin". UNPO. 19 October 2017. https://unpo.org/members/15284. 
  35. ↑ "UNPO: Nagalim". UNPO. 17 September 2018. https://unpo.org/members/7899. 
  36. ↑ "UNPO: Ogaden". UNPO. 12 February 2010. https://unpo.org/members/10714. 
  37. ↑ "UNPO: Ogoni". UNPO. 11 September 2017. https://unpo.org/members/7901. 
  38. ↑ "UNPO: Oromo". UNPO. 12 February 2015. https://unpo.org/members/7917. 
  39. ↑ "UNPO: Rehoboth Basters". UNPO. 11 February 2015. https://unpo.org/members/7881. 
  40. ↑ "UNPO: Savoy". UNPO. 8 July 2015. https://unpo.org/members/17344. 
  41. ↑ "UNPO: Sindh". UNPO. 6 February 2018. https://unpo.org/members/7906. 
  42. ↑ "UNPO: Somaliland". UNPO. 1 February 2017. https://unpo.org/members/7916. 
  43. ↑ "UNPO: South Moluccas". UNPO. 25 March 2008. https://unpo.org/members/7907. 
  44. ↑ "UNPO: Southern Azerbaijan". UNPO. 31 January 2017. https://unpo.org/members/7884. 
  45. ↑ "UNPO: Southern Mongolia". UNPO. 25 March 2008. https://unpo.org/members/7883. 
  46. ↑ "UNPO: Sulu". UNPO. 5 January 2015. https://unpo.org/members/17809. 
  47. ↑ "UNPO: Taiwan". UNPO. 19 July 2018. https://unpo.org/members/7908. 
  48. ↑ "UNPO: Tibet". UNPO. 23 May 2018. https://unpo.org/members/7879. 
  49. ↑ "UNPO: West Balochistan". UNPO. 22 August 2017. https://unpo.org/members/7922. 
  50. ↑ "UNPO: Western Togoland". UNPO. 15 November 2017. https://unpo.org/members/20425. 
  51. ↑ "UNPO: West Papua". UNPO. 15 October 2014. https://unpo.org/members/7843. 
  52. ↑ "UNPO: Aboriginals of Australia". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20836. 
  53. ↑ "UNPO: Albanians in Macedonia". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20868. 
  54. ↑ "UNPO: Amazigh". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20883. 
  55. ↑ "UNPO: Ambazonia". https://unpo.org/members/20702. 
  56. ↑ "UNPO: Armenia". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20884. 
  57. ↑ "UNPO: Bashkortostan". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20885. 
  58. ↑ "UNPO: Batwa". UNPO. 14 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/7861. 
  59. ↑ "UNPO: Bougainville". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20849. 
  60. ↑ "UNPO: Buffalo River Dene Nation". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20850. 
  61. ↑ "UNPO: Burma". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20851. 
  62. ↑ "UNPO: Buryatia". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20844. 
  63. ↑ "UNPO: Cabinda". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20852. 
  64. ↑ "UNPO: Chameria". UNPO. 6 July 2017. https://unpo.org/members/20197. 
  65. ↑ "UNPO: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20854. 
  66. ↑ "UNPO: Chin". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20848. 
  67. ↑ "UNPO: Chuvash". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20841. 
  68. ↑ "UNPO: Circassia". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20855. 
  69. ↑ "UNPO: Cordillera". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20856. 
  70. ↑ "UNPO: Degar-Montagnards". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20847. 
  71. ↑ "UNPO: East Timor". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20840. 
  72. ↑ "UNPO: Estonia". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20845. 
  73. ↑ "UNPO: Gagauzia". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20857. 
  74. ↑ "UNPO: Georgia". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20887. 
  75. ↑ "UNPO: Greek Minority in Albania". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20882. 
  76. ↑ "UNPO: Hungarian Minority in Romania". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20881. 
  77. ↑ "UNPO: Ingushetia". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20880. 
  78. ↑ "UNPO: Inkeri". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20879. 
  79. ↑ "UNPO: Iraqi Kurdistan". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20878. 
  80. ↑ "UNPO: Iraqi Turkmen". UNPO. 11 March 2015. https://unpo.org/members/7878. 
  81. ↑ "UNPO: Kalahui Hawaii". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20877. 
  82. ↑ "UNPO: Karenni State". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20876. 
  83. ↑ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. SAGE. p. 290. ISBN 9780761926887. https://books.google.com/books?id=OSkKAOoaSGIC. Retrieved 16 August 2019. 
  84. ↑ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 9789041102232. https://books.google.com/books?id=rWB3Bv3vuyMC&q=Khalistan+Unrepresented+Nations+and+Peoples+Organisation&pg=PA187. Retrieved 3 August 2018. 
  85. ↑ Faultlines. 19. Institute for Conflict Management. 2008. p. 108. OCLC 953841033. https://books.google.com/books?id=SIbaAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 29 January 2019. 
  86. ↑ "UNPO: Komi". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20875. 
  87. ↑ "UNPO: Kosova". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20874. 
  88. ↑ "UNPO: Kumyk". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20873. 
  89. ↑ "UNPO: Lakota Nation". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20872. 
  90. ↑ "UNPO: Latvia". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20871. 
  91. ↑ "UNPO: Maasai". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20870. 
  92. ↑ "UNPO: Maohi". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20869. 
  93. ↑ "UNPO: Madhesh". UNPO. 31 October 2017. https://unpo.org/members/20426. 
  94. ↑ "UNPO: Mapuche". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20867. 
  95. ↑ "UNPO: Mari". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20866. 
  96. ↑ "UNPO: Mon". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20865. 
  97. ↑ "UNPO: Moro". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20864. 
  98. ↑ "UNPO: Nahua Del Alto Balsas". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20842. 
  99. ↑ "UNPO: Nuxalk Nation". UNPO. 5 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20832. 
  100. ↑ "UNPO: Belau". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20886. 
  101. ↑ "UNPO: Rusyn". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20863. 
  102. ↑ "UNPO: Sakha". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20843. 
  103. ↑ "UNPO: Sanjak". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20846. 
  104. ↑ "International Organizations N – W". http://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html#UNPO. 
  105. ↑ "UNPO: Scania". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20862. 
  106. ↑ "UNPO: Shan". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20861. 
  107. ↑ "UNPO: South Arabia". UNPO. 23 May 2016. http://www.unpo.org/members/7885. 
  108. ↑ "UNPO: Talysh". UNPO. 8 July 2015. https://unpo.org/members/17338. 
  109. ↑ "UNPO: Tatarstan". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20860. 
  110. ↑ "UNPO: Trieste (Free Territory of Trieste)". UNPO. 8 July 2015. http://unpo.org/members/17808. 
  111. ↑ "UNPO: Tsimshian". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20859. 
  112. ↑ "UNPO: Tuva". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20858. 
  113. ↑ "UNPO: Udmurt". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20853. 
  114. ↑ "UNPO: Vhavenda". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20839. 
  115. ↑ "UNPO: Zanzibar". UNPO. 6 June 2018. https://unpo.org/members/20837. 
  116. ↑ "UNPO Covenant". http://www.unpo.org/section/2/1. 
  117. ↑ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. SAGE. p. 290. ISBN 9780761926887. https://books.google.com/books?id=OSkKAOoaSGIC. Retrieved 16 August 2019. 
  118. ↑ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 9789041102232. https://books.google.com/books?id=rWB3Bv3vuyMC&q=Khalistan%20Unrepresented%20Nations%20and%20Peoples%20Organisation&pg=PA187. Retrieved 7 November 2020. 
  119. ↑ "UNPO: Scania". https://unpo.org/members/20862. 
  120. ↑ "Worldstatesmen International Organizations". Worldstatesman. http://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html#UNPO.org/International_Organizations2.html. 

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