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Gadfly (philosophy and social science)
Topic: Philosophy
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| Part of a series on |
| Socrates |
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"I know that I know nothing" "The unexamined life is not worth living" gadfly · Trial of Socrates |
| Eponymous concepts |
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Socratic dialogue · Socratic intellectualism Socratic irony · Socratic method Socratic paradox · [[Socratic questioning]] Socratic problem · Socratici viri |
| Disciples |
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Plato · Xenophon Antisthenes · [[Biography:AristipAristippus · Aeschines of Sphettus|Aeschines]] |
| Related topics |
| Academic Skepticism · Megarians · Cynicism · Cyrenaics · Platonism · Aristotelianism · Stoicism · Virtue ethics · The Clouds |
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A gadfly is a person who interferes with the status quo of a society or community by posing novel, potentially upsetting questions, usually directed at authorities. The term is originally associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates in his defense when on trial for his life.
History
Socrates
The term "gadfly" (Greek: μύωψ[1], mýops[2]) was used by Plato in the Apology[3] to describe Socrates' acting as an uncomfortable goad to the Ancient Greece political scene, like a spur or biting fly arousing a sluggish horse.
During his defense when on trial for his life, Socrates, according to Plato's writings, pointed out that dissent, like the gadfly, was easy to swat, but the cost to society of silencing individuals who were irritating could be very high: "If you kill a man like me, you will injure yourselves more than you will injure me" because his role was that of a gadfly, "to sting people and whip them into a fury, all in the service of truth."[4]
Modern politics
In modern politics, a gadfly is someone who persistently challenges people in positions of power, the status quo or a popular position.[5] For example, Morris Kline wrote, "There is a function for the gadfly who poses questions that many specialists would like to overlook. Polemics is healthy."[6]
Contemporary philosophy
The Australian moral philosopher Peter Singer has expressed views which have led him to be described as a "modern gadfly".[7]
See also
- Concern troll – a false flag pseudonym created by a user whose actual point of view is opposed to the one that the troll claims to hold
- Devil's advocate – taking a position one does not necessarily agree with
- Gadfly (mythology)
- The Gadfly – novel
References
- ↑ See "Gadfly or Spur? The Meaning of ΜΎΩΨ in Plato's Apology of Socrates". https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-hellenic-studies/article/gadfly-or-spur-the-meaning-of-in-platos-apology-of-socrates/EAC4EA75997B39D8F0EFF8AC68923279.
- ↑ See "commentary for book 3, line 277, out of George W. Mooney's Commentary on Apollonius: Argonautica". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0068:text=comm:book=3:commline=277.
- ↑ "Apology 30e". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plat.Apol.30e&lang=original.
- ↑ "Ron Kaye: The incessant buzzing of the gadflies". https://www.latimes.com/socal/glendale-news-press/news/tn-gnp-0612-kaye-story.html.
- ↑ Liberto, Jennifer (8 August 2007). "Publix uses law to boot gadfly". St. Petersburg Times. http://www.sptimes.com/2007/08/08/State/Publix_uses_law_to_bo.shtml.
- ↑ Why the Professor Can't Teach (1977), page 238
- ↑ Warburton, Nigel (2011-10-25). "40. A Modern Gadfly" (in en). A Little History of Philosophy. Yale University Press. pp. 239–245. doi:10.12987/9780300177541-040. ISBN 978-0-300-17754-1. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.12987/9780300177541-040/html.
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