In Chinese philosophy, qing (情) is a concept translated variously as "reality", "feelings,"[1] "genuine", "essence", "disposition", or "emotion". Neo-Confucians understand qing as products of environmental circumstances affecting xing, or innate human nature.[2] This interpretation of qing as an emotional or dispositional concept, especially as connected to xing, arose after the Warring States period. A broader, or at least earlier, Confucian interpretation would be the behavioral quality of a person given their context. For Confucians, who emphasized cultivation of ren (humaneness), li (ritual propriety), and yi (righteousness) to build de, or virtuous moral character.[3]