Grate firing

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Grate firing is a type of industrial combustion system used for solid fuels.^[1] It now is used mainly for burning waste and biomass, but also for smaller coal furnaces.

• Capacities 0.3 to 175 MWth in industry and CHP
• Fuel fired per grate area 1-2 MW/m², maximum grate area 100 m²
• Grates are typical only suitable for coarse particles, for fine particles a spreader is required, increases max. capacity
• Primary air through the grate (also used for cooling) and secondary air

Until the 1930s, the Dutch oven was the primary technology used to improve combustion for low-quality or high-moisture fuels. It has largely been replaced by the following:^[2]

Travelling grate

A moving grate which is covered with a fuel layer, 10-30 cm. Power control by means of varying the grate velocity

Reciprocating grate

For ash-rich, low calorific fuels like municipal waste, arrangement of stationary and moving grates -> conveying and mixing (forward-moving type or reverse-action grate)

Vibrating grate

Water cooled membrane wall, with holes for air. For burning coal or wood.

The grate area is the area of the grate (length x width). The larger the grate area, the more fuel can be burned per hour. The amount of fuel burned also depends on the fuel or bed movement velocity.

• Fluidised bed firing
• Pulverized fuel firing

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