Isotopes of polonium

Main isotopes of Chemistry:polonium (₈₄Po)
β+	208Bi
β+	209Bi
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Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 84 but with different mass numbers

There are 42 isotopes of polonium (₈₄Po). They range in size from 186 to 227 nucleons. They are all radioactive. ²¹⁰Po with a half-life of 138.376 days has the longest half-life of any naturally-occurring isotope of polonium and is the most common isotope of polonium. It is also the most easily synthesized polonium isotope. ²⁰⁹Po, which does not occur naturally, has the longest half-life of all isotopes of polonium at 124 years. ²⁰⁹Po can be made by using a cyclotron to bombard bismuth with protons, as can ²⁰⁸Po.^[2]

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Historic name	Z	N	Isotopic mass (u) ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life	Decay mode	Daughter isotope ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Historic name	Excitation energy^{[n 7]}			Half-life	Decay mode	Daughter isotope ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Isotopic abundance
¹⁸⁶Po		84	102	186.004403(20)	28+16 −6 μs	α	¹⁸²Pb	0+
¹⁸⁷Po		84	103	187.003030(40)	1.40(25) ms	α	¹⁸³Pb	1/2-, 5/2-
^187mPo		4(27) keV			0.5 ms	α	¹⁸³Pb	13/2+#
¹⁸⁸Po		84	104	187.999416(21)	270(30) μs	α	¹⁸⁴Pb	0+
¹⁸⁹Po		84	105	188.998473(24)	3.5(5) ms	α	¹⁸⁵Pb	(5/2−)
¹⁹⁰Po		84	106	189.995102(14)	2.45(5) ms	α	¹⁸⁶Pb	0+
¹⁹¹Po		84	107	190.994558(8)	22(1) ms	α	¹⁸⁷Pb	3/2−
^191mPo		61(11) keV			93(3) ms	α	^187mPb	13/2+
¹⁹²Po		84	108	191.991340(11)	32.2(3) ms	α	¹⁸⁸Pb	0+
^192mPo		2294.6(10) keV			580(100) ns	IT	¹⁹²Po	11-
¹⁹³Po		84	109	192.991062(16)	399(34) ms	α	¹⁸⁹Pb	3/2−
^193mPo		100(6) keV			245(11) ms	α	^189mPb	13/2+
¹⁹⁴Po		84	110	193.988186(14)	392(4) ms	α	¹⁹⁰Pb	0+
^194mPo		2313.4(3) keV			12.9(5) μs	IT	¹⁹⁴Po	(10−)
¹⁹⁵Po		84	111	194.988066(6)	4.64(9) s	α (94%)	¹⁹¹Pb	3/2−
¹⁹⁵Po		84	111	194.988066(6)	4.64(9) s	β⁺?	¹⁹⁵Bi	3/2−
^195mPo		148(9) keV			1.92(2) s	α	^191mPb	13/2+
¹⁹⁶Po		84	112	195.985541(6)	5.56(12) s	α (94%)	¹⁹²Pb	0+
¹⁹⁶Po		84	112	195.985541(6)	5.56(12) s	β⁺?	¹⁹⁶Bi	0+
^196mPo		2493.9(4) keV			856(17) ns	IT	¹⁹⁶Po	11−
¹⁹⁷Po		84	113	196.985622(11)	53.6(9) s	β⁺?	¹⁹⁷Bi	(3/2−)
¹⁹⁷Po		84	113	196.985622(11)	53.6(9) s	α (44%)	¹⁹³Pb	(3/2−)
^197mPo		196(12)# keV			25.8(1) s	α (84%)	^193mPb	13/2+
						β⁺?	¹⁹⁷Bi
						IT?	¹⁹⁷Po
¹⁹⁸Po		84	114	197.983389(19)	1.760(24) min	α (57%)	¹⁹⁴Pb	0+
¹⁹⁸Po		84	114	197.983389(19)	1.760(24) min	β⁺ (43%)	¹⁹⁸Bi	0+
^198m1Po		2565.92(20) keV			200(20) ns	IT	¹⁹⁸Po	11−
^198m2Po		2740(50)# keV			750(50) ns	IT	¹⁹⁸Po	12+
¹⁹⁹Po		84	115	198.983666(25)	5.48(16) min	β⁺ (92.5%)	¹⁹⁹Bi	(3/2−)
¹⁹⁹Po		84	115	198.983666(25)	5.48(16) min	α (7.5%)	¹⁹⁵Pb	(3/2−)
^199mPo		312.0(28) keV			4.17(4) min	β⁺ (73.5%)	¹⁹⁹Bi	13/2+
						α (24%)	¹⁹⁵Pb
						IT (2.5%)	¹⁹⁹Po
²⁰⁰Po		84	116	199.981799(15)	11.5(1) min	β⁺ (88.8%)	²⁰⁰Bi	0+
²⁰⁰Po		84	116	199.981799(15)	11.5(1) min	α (11.1%)	¹⁹⁶Pb	0+
²⁰¹Po		84	117	200.982260(6)	15.3(2) min	β⁺ (98.4%)	²⁰¹Bi	3/2−
²⁰¹Po		84	117	200.982260(6)	15.3(2) min	α (1.6%)	¹⁹⁷Pb	3/2−
^201mPo		424.1(24) keV			8.9(2) min	IT (56%)	²⁰¹Po	13/2+
						EC (41%)	²⁰¹Bi
						α (2.9%)	¹⁹⁷Pb
²⁰²Po		84	118	201.980758(16)	44.7(5) min	β⁺ (98%)	²⁰²Bi	0+
²⁰²Po		84	118	201.980758(16)	44.7(5) min	α (2%)	¹⁹⁸Pb	0+
^202mPo		2626.7(7) keV			>200 ns			11−
²⁰³Po		84	119	202.981420(28)	36.7(5) min	β⁺ (99.89%)	²⁰³Bi	5/2−
²⁰³Po		84	119	202.981420(28)	36.7(5) min	α (.11%)	¹⁹⁹Pb	5/2−
^203m1Po		641.49(17) keV			45(2) s	IT (99.96%)	²⁰³Po	13/2+
^203m1Po		641.49(17) keV			45(2) s	α (.04%)	¹⁹⁹Pb	13/2+
^203m2Po		2158.5(6) keV			>200 ns
²⁰⁴Po		84	120	203.980318(12)	3.53(2) h	β⁺ (99.33%)	²⁰⁴Bi	0+
²⁰⁴Po		84	120	203.980318(12)	3.53(2) h	α (.66%)	²⁰⁰Pb	0+
²⁰⁵Po		84	121	204.981203(21)	1.66(2) h	β⁺ (99.96%)	²⁰⁵Bi	5/2−
²⁰⁵Po		84	121	204.981203(21)	1.66(2) h	α (.04%)	²⁰¹Pb	5/2−
^205m1Po		143.166(17) keV			310(60) ns			1/2−
^205m2Po		880.30(4) keV			645 μs			13/2+
^205m3Po		1461.21(21) keV			57.4(9) ms	IT	²⁰⁵Po	19/2−
^205m4Po		3087.2(4) keV			115(10) ns			29/2−
²⁰⁶Po		84	122	205.980481(9)	8.8(1) d	β⁺ (94.55%)	²⁰⁶Bi	0+
²⁰⁶Po		84	122	205.980481(9)	8.8(1) d	α (5.45%)	²⁰²Pb	0+
^206m1Po		1585.85(11) keV			222(10) ns			(8+)#
^206m2Po		2262.22(14) keV			1.05(6) μs			(9−)#
²⁰⁷Po		84	123	206.981593(7)	5.80(2) h	β⁺ (99.97%)	²⁰⁷Bi	5/2−
²⁰⁷Po		84	123	206.981593(7)	5.80(2) h	α (.021%)	²⁰³Pb	5/2−
^207m1Po		68.573(14) keV			205(10) ns			1/2−
^207m2Po		1115.073(16) keV			49(4) μs			13/2+
^207m3Po		1383.15(6) keV			2.79(8) s	IT	²⁰⁷Po	19/2−
²⁰⁸Po		84	124	207.9812457(19)	2.898(2) y	α (99.99%)	²⁰⁴Pb	0+
²⁰⁸Po		84	124	207.9812457(19)	2.898(2) y	β⁺ (.00277%)	²⁰⁸Bi	0+
²⁰⁹Po		84	125	208.9824304(20)	124(3) y	α (99.546%)	²⁰⁵Pb	1/2−
²⁰⁹Po		84	125	208.9824304(20)	124(3) y	ε (.454%)	²⁰⁹Bi	1/2−
²¹⁰Po^{[n 8]}	Radium F	84	126	209.9828737(13)	138.376(2) d	α	²⁰⁶Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
^210mPo		5057.61(4) keV			263(5) ns			16+
²¹¹Po	Actinium C'	84	127	210.9866532(14)	516(3) ms	α	²⁰⁷Pb	9/2+	Trace^{[n 10]}
^211m1Po		1462(5) keV			25.2(6) s	α (99.98%)	²⁰⁷Pb	(25/2+)
^211m1Po		1462(5) keV			25.2(6) s	IT (.016%)	²¹¹Po	(25/2+)
^211m2Po		2135.7(9) keV			243(21) ns			(31/2−)
^211m3Po		4873.3(17) keV			2.8(7) μs			(43/2+)
²¹²Po	Thorium C'	84	128	211.9888680(13)	294.4(8) ns^[3]	α	²⁰⁸Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 11]}
^212mPo		2911(12) keV			45.1(6) s	α (99.93%)	²⁰⁸Pb	(18+)
^212mPo		2911(12) keV			45.1(6) s	IT (.07%)	²¹²Po	(18+)
²¹³Po		84	129	212.992857(3)	3.65(4) μs	α	²⁰⁹Pb	9/2+	Trace^{[n 12]}
²¹⁴Po	Radium C'	84	130	213.9952014(16)	164.3(20) μs	α	²¹⁰Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
²¹⁵Po	Actinium A	84	131	214.9994200(27)	1.781(4) ms	α (99.99%)	²¹¹Pb	9/2+	Trace^{[n 10]}
²¹⁵Po	Actinium A	84	131	214.9994200(27)	1.781(4) ms	β⁻ (2.3×10⁻⁴%)	²¹⁵At	9/2+	Trace^{[n 10]}
²¹⁶Po	Thorium A	84	132	216.0019150(24)	145(2) ms	α^{[n 13]}	²¹²Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 11]}
²¹⁷Po		84	133	217.006335(7)	1.47(5) s	α (95%)	²¹³Pb	5/2+#	Trace^{[n 12]}
²¹⁷Po		84	133	217.006335(7)	1.47(5) s	β⁻ (5%)	²¹⁷At	5/2+#	Trace^{[n 12]}
²¹⁸Po	Radium A	84	134	218.0089730(26)	3.10(1) min	α (99.98%)	²¹⁴Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
²¹⁸Po	Radium A	84	134	218.0089730(26)	3.10(1) min	β⁻ (.02%)	²¹⁸At	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
²¹⁹Po		84	135	219.01361(16)	10.3(1) min	α (28.2%)	²¹⁵Pb	9/2+#
²¹⁹Po		84	135	219.01361(16)	10.3(1) min	β⁻ (71.8%)	²¹⁹At	9/2+#
²²⁰Po		84	136	220.0164(18)	40# s [>300 ns]	β⁻	²²⁰At	0+
²²¹Po		84	137	221.02123(20)	2.2(0.7) min	β⁻	²²¹At	9/2+#
²²²Po		84	138	222.024144(40)	9.1(7.2) min	β⁻	²²²At	0+
²²³Po		84	139	223.02907(21)#	6# s [>300 ns]	β⁻?	²²³At	11/2+#
²²⁴Po		84	140	224.03211(21)#	3# min [>300 ns]	β⁻?	²²⁴At	0+
²²⁵Po		84	141	225.03712(32)#	10# s [>300 ns]	β⁻?	²²⁵At	3/2+#
²²⁶Po		84	142	226.04031(43)#	1# min [>300 ns]	β⁻?	²²⁶At	0+
²²⁷Po		84	143	227.04539(43)#	2# s [>300 ns]	β⁻?	²²⁷At	5/2+#

↑ ^mPo – Excited nuclear isomer.
↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
↑ Most common isotope
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Intermediate decay product of ²³⁵U
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Intermediate decay product of ²³²Th
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Intermediate decay product of ²³⁷Np
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{1}}}

References

↑ Boutin, Chad. "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". NIST Tech Beat. http://www.nist.gov/pml/div682/po-090914.cfm. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
↑ Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D. et al. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5.
↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf.

General references

Isotope data is sourced in:

Atomic weights of the elements:

Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.

Isotopic mass, spin and parity

Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document

Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.

Half-life

Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 41 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001. Bibcode: 2017ChPhC..41c0001A. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2016/NUBASE2016.pdf.

National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.

Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes of polonium. Read more

[3] Po – Excited nuclear isomer.

[4] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-5] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[6] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[7] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[8] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[TNN-9] 7.0 ^7.1 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[10] Most common isotope

[rs-11] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U

[as-12] 10.0 ^10.1 Intermediate decay product of ²³⁵U

[ths-14] 11.0 ^11.1 Intermediate decay product of ²³²Th

[ns-15] 12.0 ^12.1 Intermediate decay product of ²³⁷Np

[{{{1}}}-16] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{1}}}

[Po209-1] Boutin, Chad. "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". NIST Tech Beat. http://www.nist.gov/pml/div682/po-090914.cfm. Retrieved 9 September 2014.

[po484-2] Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D. et al. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5.

[NUBASE2020-13] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf.

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Isotopes of polonium

Topic: Physics

List of isotopes

See also

References