Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius

Oranjestad
Town
Beach of Lower Town.
Location on the island of Sint Eustatius
Coordinates: [ ⚑ ] : 17°29′N 62°59′W / 17.483°N 62.983°W / 17.483; -62.983
Country	Netherlands
Public body	Sint Eustatius
Population  (2001)[1]
• Total	1,038
Time zone	UTC-4 (AST)
Climate	Aw

Oranjestad (Dutch pronunciation: [oːˈrɑɲəstɑt]; English: Orange^[4] Town) is a small town of 1,038 inhabitants;^[1] it is the capital and largest town of the island of Sint Eustatius in the Caribbean Netherlands. It’s not to be confused with the far larger Oranjestad in Aruba.

Geography

Oranjestad is a historic harbour town which is divided into two main sections. Lower Town is a strip of buildings just above sea level along the waterfront, which borders on the island's safest beach. Lower Town includes dive shops, numerous colonial-era ruins, and the harbour. Upper Town has a restored historic core, and is also the island's main commercial and residential centre.

History

Historical sites

Fort Oranje

The restored 'Gezaghebber House' on Kerkstraat

The first colonist arrived between 1625 and 1629.^[5] Sint Eustatius produced sugar and cotton, but most importantly developed into a centre of the North American slave trade.^[6] In 1780, the island had an estimated population of 20,000 people including slaves. In 1781, during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, the island was captured and plundered by George Rodney.^[5] During the capture, all archives were destroyed.^[7] In 1786, it was home to 7,600 people (3,000 white, 600 coloureds and 4,000 slaves). In 1829, the population had decreased to 2,273.^[5]

The main historical site in Oranjestad is Fort Oranje, a well-maintained, 17th-century fort in the direct centre of the town, overlooking the waterfront. This cliff-side fort has cannons, intact bastions and a courtyard. Nearby is a museum, the ruins of one of the oldest synagogues in the Western Hemisphere, and a Jewish cemetery.^[8]

The town's historical features also include a Dutch Reformed church built in 1755,^[8] which is partly in ruins but still accessible (its tower can be climbed for long-distance views), various restored 18th-century merchants' residences – including the oldest one, the Gezaghebber House (former Lieutenant Governor's residence) on Kerkstraat – and restored wooden Caribbean-style houses. Snorkeling in Oranje Bay is also interesting because of the parts of 18th century buildings on the bay side that were swept into the sea.^[9]

Facilities

Oranjestad itself contains grocery stores, restaurants, bars, a library, schools, a clinic and the administrative offices of the government. ^{[citation needed]}

Climate

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See also

• List of lighthouses in Sint Eustatius
• F. D. Roosevelt Airport
• St. Eustatius Church

References

Bibliography

• Benjamins, Herman Daniël; Snelleman, Johannes (1917) (in nl). Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/benj004ency01_01/. 

External links

• St. Eustatius Historical Foundation Museum

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