Outline of Germany

Short description: Country in Western and Central Europe

The flag of Germany

The coat of arms of Germany

The location of Germany in Europe, with other members of the European Union being highlighted in green

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Germany:

Germany – federal parliamentary republic in Western-Central Europe consisting of 16 constituent states (German: Bundesland), which retain limited sovereignty. Its capital and largest city is Berlin. With more than 80 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union (EU). Germany is a major economic and political power of the European continent and a historic leader in many cultural, scientific, and technological fields.

After losing World War I, Germany fell under the control of Adolf Hitler, who started World War II. After losing World War II, Germany was divided into East Germany and West Germany, each on opposite sides during the Cold War. In October 1990, after the Cold War ended, the country was reunified under Christian Democratic Union (CDU) chancellor Helmut Kohl. As of December 2023, Germany has grown to become the world's third-largest economy by nominal GDP.

General reference

Pronunciation: /ˈdʒɜːrməni/ (listen); German: Deutschland de (officially the Federal Republic of Germany; German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland de)
Common English country name: Germany
Official English country name: The Federal Republic of Germany
Common endonym(s): Deutschland
Official endonym(s): Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Adjectival(s): German
Demonym(s): Germans
Etymology: Name of Germany
International rankings of Germany
ISO country codes: DE, DEU, 276
ISO region codes: See DE
Internet country code top-level domain: .de

Geography of Germany

Germany is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357,021 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate.

Germany is a:
- Country
  - Developed country
- Sovereign state
  - Member State of the European Union
  - Member state of NATO
Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
  - Eurasia
    - Europe
      - Central Europe
      - Western Europe
- Time in Germany
  - Time zones:
    - Central European Time (UTC+01), Central European Summer Time (UTC+02)
- Extreme points of Germany (major towns):^[1]
  - North: Westerland (on the island of Sylt at the Danish border)
  - South: Oberstdorf, town at Austria^[2]
  - East: Goerlitz, town at Poland
  - West: Aachen, town at Belgium & the Netherlands
  - High: Zugspitze 2,962 m (9,718 ft)
  - Low: Neuendorf bei Wilster −3.5 m (−11 ft)

Coastline: 2,389 km (1,484 mi)

Population of Germany: 82,217,800 people (2007 estimate) – 14th most populous country
Area of Germany: 357,021 km² (137,847 sq mi) – 63rd largest country
Atlas of Germany
List of cities and towns in Germany
- Metropolitan regions in Germany
- Regiopolis

Neighbours of Germany

Land boundaries: 3,621 km (2,250 mi)

Austria 784 km (487 mi)

Czech Republic 646 km (401 mi)

Netherlands 577 km (359 mi)

Poland 456 km (283 mi)

France 451 km (280 mi)

Switzerland 334 km (208 mi)

Belgium 167 km (104 mi)

Luxembourg 138 km (86 mi)

Denmark 68 km (42 mi)

Environment of Germany

Climate of Germany
Green building in Germany
Renewable energy in Germany
Geology of Germany
National parks of Germany
Protected areas of Germany
Wildlife of Germany
- Fauna of Germany
  - Fish of Germany
  - Birds of Germany
  - Mammals of Germany
  - Zoos in Germany

Geographic features of Germany

Glaciers of Germany
Islands of Germany
Lakes of Germany
Mountains of Germany
- Volcanoes in Germany
Rivers of Germany
- Waterfalls of Germany
Valleys of Germany
World Heritage Sites in Germany

Administrative divisions of Germany

Template:German Federal States

States of Germany

Germany is composed of 16 constituent states, called Bundesländer (plural form; Bundesland singularly; see map on the right).

Further subdivisions

Some German states are subdivided into administrative regions, called Regierungsbezirke.
Germany as a whole is further composed of approx. 400 districts, separated into:
- "Rural" districts (Landkreise or Kreise) and
- "Urban" districts (Kreisfreie Städte or Stadtkreise)
Cities of Germany
Municipalities of Germany

Demography of Germany

Demographics of Germany With over 82 million inhabitants, it comprises the largest population among the member states of the European Union and is home to the third-highest number of international migrants. See more at Immigration to Germany.

Government and politics of Germany

Form of government: federal parliamentary representative democratic republic
Capital of Germany: Berlin
Former Capital of West Germany and later seat of government of the reunified Federal Republic: Bonn
Federal budget of Germany
Elections in Germany
- Electoral reform in Germany
- Electoral system of Germany
Far-right politics in Germany
Federalism in Germany
Political parties in Germany
Political scandals of Germany
Security issues in Germany
Taxation in Germany
- Feed-in tariffs in Germany

Branches of the government of Germany

Government of Germany

Executive branch of the government of Germany

Head of state: President of Germany
Head of government: Chancellor of Germany
Cabinet of Germany

Legislative branch of the government of Germany

Parliament of Germany (bicameral)
- Upper house: Bundesrat of Germany
- Lower house: Bundestag

Judicial branch of the government of Germany

Judiciary of Germany

Federal Constitutional Court
Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts of the Federation
Federal Administrative Court
Federal Court of Justice
Federal Fiscal Court
Federal Labour Court
Federal Social Court
Federal Patent Court

Foreign relations of Germany

List of diplomatic missions in Germany
List of diplomatic missions of Germany
- Embassy of Germany, Abuja
- Embassy of Germany, Bangkok
- Embassy of Germany, Brasília
- Embassy of Germany, Budapest
- Embassy of Germany, Canberra
- Embassy of Germany, Chișinău
- Embassy of Germany, Kyiv
- Embassy of Germany, London
- Embassy of Germany, Moscow
- Embassy of Germany, Ottawa
- Embassy of Germany, Prague
- Embassy of Germany, Saint Petersburg
- Embassy of Germany, Tel Aviv
- Embassy of Germany, Washington, D.C.
- Embassy of Germany, Wellington

International organization membership

The Federal Republic of Germany is a member of:^[3]

African Development Bank Group (AfDB) (nonregional member)
Arctic Council (observer)
Asian Development Bank (ADB) (nonregional member)
Australia Group
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC) (observer)
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)
Central American Integration System (SICA) (observer)
Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI)
Council of Europe (CE)
Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC)
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
European Investment Bank (EIB)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
European Space Agency (ESA)
European Union (EU)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Group of Six (G6)
Group of Seven (G7)
Group of Eight (G8)
Group of Ten (G10)
Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G20)
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Criminal Court (ICCt)
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
International Development Association (IDA)
International Energy Agency (IEA)
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Olympic Committee (IOC)

International Organization for Migration (IOM)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
Nonaligned Movement (NAM) (guest)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Organization of American States (OAS) (observer)
Paris Club
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
Schengen Convention
Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) (observer)
United Nations (UN)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
West African Development Bank (WADB) (nonregional)
Western European Union (WEU)
World Customs Organization (WCO)
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
World Veterans Federation
Zangger Committee (ZC)

Law and order in Germany

Law of Germany

Laws in Germany
- Referendums in Germany
- Alcohol laws in Germany
- Capital punishment in Germany
- Censorship in Germany
  - Censorship in the Federal Republic of Germany
- Civil procedure code of Germany
- Conscription in Germany
- Constitution of Germany
  - Constitutional review in Germany
- Copyright law of Germany
- Driving licence in Germany
Crime in Germany
- Human trafficking in Germany
- Rape in Germany
Human rights in Germany
- LGBT rights in Germany
  - Same-sex marriage in Germany
- Freedom of religion in Germany
Law enforcement in Germany
- National law enforcement agencies
  - Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)
  - Federal Police (Germany)
  - German Federal Coast Guard
  - GSG 9
- Regional law enforcement agencies
  - Landespolizei – are operated by individual German states and are responsible for the bulk of police work in Germany
    - Baden-Württemberg Police
    - Bavarian State Police
    - Hesse State Police
    - North Rhine-Westphalia Police
    - Rheinland-Pfalz State Police
    - Saarland Police
  - Landespolizei forces are divided into the following operational sections:
    - - Schutzpolizei – ('Schupo') The uniformed police officers who patrol the streets, respond to emergency calls, do traffic policing etc.
      - Kriminalpolizei – ('Kripo') The plain clothes detective branch of the State police, responsible for investigations. For instance, if a car is broken into, the Schupo will respond, secure the car, notify the owner etc., and then hand the case over to Kripo for investigation.
      - Einsatzhundertschaften (EHU) / Bereitschaftspolizei (BePo) – Uniformed part of the LaPo that is used when manpower is required, for example during political demonstrations.
      - Landeskriminalamt (LKA) – The State Investigation Bureau is directly subordinate to the state ministry of the interior, supervises police operations aimed at preventing and investigating criminal offences, and coordinates investigations involving more than one Präsidium.
      - Wasserschutzpolizei (WSP) – The river police for patrolling rivers, lakes and harbours.
      - Spezialeinsatzkommando (SEK) – The SWAT teams of the German state police.
      - Autobahnpolizei – The highway patrol or motorway police in Germany.

Military of Germany

Command
- Commander-in-chief:
  - Ministry of Defence of Germany
Bundeswehr
- Army of Germany: Heer
- Navy of Germany: Marine
- Air force of Germany: Luftwaffe
- Special forces of Germany: Kommando Spezialkräfte
Military history of Germany
Military ranks of Germany

Local government in Germany

History of Germany

History of Germany, by period

18th-century history of Germany

Years in Germany

1871 • 1872 • 1873 • 1874 • 1875 • 1876 • 1877 • 1878 • 1879 • 1880 • 1881 • 1882 • 1883 • 1884 • 1885 • 1886 • 1887 • 1888 • 1889 • 1890 • 1891 • 1892 • 1893 • 1894 • 1895 • 1896 • 1897 • 1898 • 1899 • 1900 • 1901 • 1902 • 1903 • 1904 • 1905 • 1906 • 1907 • 1908 • 1909 • 1911 • 1912 • 1913 • 1914 • 1915 • 1916 • 1917 • 1918 • 1919 • 1920 • 1921 • 1922 • 1923 • 1924 • 1925 • 1926 • 1927 • 1928 • 1929 • 1930 • 1931 • 1932 • 1933 • 1934 • 1935 • 1936 • 1937 • 1938 • 1939 • 1940 • 1941 • 1942 • 1943 • 1944 • 1945 • 1946 • 1947 • 1948 • 1949 • 1950 • 1951 • 1952 • 1953 • 1954 • 1955 • 1956 • 1957 • 1958 • 1959 • 1960 • 1961 • 1962 • 1963 • 1964 • 1965 • 1966 • 1967 • 1968 • 1969 • 1970 • 1971 • 1972 • 1973 • 1974 • 1975 • 1976 • 1977 • 1978 • 1979 • 1980 • 1981 • 1982 • 1983 • 1984 • 1985 • 1986 • 1987 • 1988 • 1989 • 1990 • 1991 • 1992 • 1993 • 1994 • 1995 • 1996 • 1997 • 1998 • 1999 • 2000 • 2001 • 2002 • 2003 • 2004 • 2005 • 2006 • 2007 • 2008 • 2009 • 2010 • 2011 • 2012 • 2013 • 2014 • 2015 • 2016 • 2017 • 2018 • 2019

History of Germany, by region

History of Germany, by subject

List of historic states of Germany
List of historical political parties in Germany
Military history of Germany

Culture of Germany

The Oktoberfest in Munich is the world's largest fair.

Culture of Germany

Architecture of Germany
- Altstadt
- World Heritage Sites in Germany
Cuisine of Germany
- Beer in Germany
Cultural icons of Germany
Festivals in Germany
German humour
- East German jokes
Languages of Germany
Media in Germany
- Newspapers in Germany
- Radio in Germany
- Television in Germany
- Video gaming in Germany
Museums in Germany
National symbols of Germany
- Coat of arms of Germany
- Flag of Germany
- National anthem of Germany
Philosophy in Germany
Prostitution in Germany
Public holidays in Germany
Scouting and Guiding in Germany
World Heritage Sites in Germany

Art in Germany

Art in Germany
Cinema of Germany
Cuisine of Germany
Fashion of Germany
Literature of Germany
Made in Germany

Music of Germany

Music of Germany

List of best-selling albums in Germany
List of best-selling singles in Germany
List of German composers
Jazz in Germany

People of Germany

Afghans in Germany
Ahmadiyya in Germany
Albanians in Germany
Americans in Germany
Arabs in Germany
Armenians in Germany
Asians in Germany
Assyrians in Germany
Azerbaijanis in Germany
Brazilians in Germany
Bulgarians in Germany
Chinese people in Germany
Croatians in Germany
Filipinos in Germany
Georgians in Germany
Greeks in Germany
Hungarians in Germany
Indians in Germany
Iranians in Germany
Iraqis in Germany
Islamic Community of Germany
Italians in Germany
Kurds in Germany
Lebanese people in Germany
List of Lebanese people in Germany
Macedonians in Germany
Russians in Germany
Serbs in Germany
Tjaskers in Germany
Turks in Germany
Ukrainians in Germany
Vietnamese people in Germany
Yazidis in Germany

Religion and belief systems in Germany

Irreligion in Germany
Religion in Germany
- Freedom of religion in Germany
- Religions in Germany
  - Buddhism in Germany
  - Christianity in Germany
    - Catholicism in Germany
    - Protestantism in Germany
      - Protestant Church in Germany
  - Hinduism in Germany
  - Islam in Germany
  - Judaism in Germany
    - History of the Jews in Germany
  - Sikhism in Germany
  - Scientology in Germany

Sports in Germany

Michael Schumacher has claimed 91 race victories and 7 championships in his F1 career.

Sports in Germany

American Football Association of Germany
Athletics in Germany
Auto racing in Germany
- Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
  - 1995 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
  - 1996 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
  - 1997 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
  - 1998 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
  - 2001 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
  - 2007 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
  - 2008 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
Basketball in Germany
- National basketball games of Germany
Bodybuilding in Germany
Cricket in Germany
Football in Germany
- Australian rules football in Germany
- Football records in Germany
- Footballer of the Year (Germany)
- Foreign football players in Germany
- List of American football teams in Germany
- List of Germany Davis Cup team representatives
- List of Germany men's international footballers
- List of Germany international footballers 1908–1942
- List of Germany women's international footballers
- List of football clubs in Germany
- List of football clubs in Germany by major honours won
- List of football stadiums in Germany
- Women's football in Germany
Germany at the Olympics
German records in athletics
Ice hockey in Germany
Roller derby in Germany
Rugby in Germany
- Rugby league in Germany
- Rugby union in Germany
  - List of Germany national rugby union players
  - List of Germany national rugby union team results
  - List of rugby union clubs in Germany
Sports broadcasting contracts in Germany

Economy and infrastructure of Germany

Germany was the third largest exporter in 2017. In absolute terms, Germany allocates the second biggest annual budget of development aid in the world,^[4] while its military expenditure ranked sixth.^[5] The country has developed a high standard of living and established a comprehensive system of social security.

Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 4th (fourth)
Agriculture in Germany
- List of mills in Germany
Central banks
- Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt
- European Central Bank, Frankfurt
Communications in Germany
- Internet in Germany
- Television in Germany
  - History of television in Germany
Companies of Germany

Currency of Germany: Euro (see also: Euro topics)
- ISO 4217: EUR
Economic history of Germany
Mining in Germany
- List of mines in Germany
Mittelstand
Stock exchange: Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Tourism in Germany
- List of spa towns in Germany
Transport in Germany
- Airports in Germany
- Road system of Germany
  - Road signs in Germany
  - Highway system of Germany
- Rail transport in Germany
  - Rapid transit in Germany
  - High-speed rail in Germany
  - History of rail transport in Germany
Water supply and sanitation in Germany
Wirtschaftswunder

Energy in Germany

Windkraftanlage bei Breydin OT Trampe, Brandenburg;

Energy in Germany

Electricity sector in Germany
Geothermal power in Germany
List of power stations in Germany
Energy transition in Germany
Nuclear power in Germany
Solar power in Germany
Wind power in Germany
- List of windmills in Germany

Education in Germany

Academic achievement among different groups in Germany
Academic grading in Germany
Academic ranks in Germany
Science and technology in Germany
- List of German inventors and discoverers
Universities in Germany
List of schools in Germany
Music schools in Germany
State libraries of Germany
Student loans in Germany

Health in Germany

Health care in Germany
- Emergency medical services in Germany
- Health care system of the elderly in Germany
- Long-term care insurance in Germany
- Nursing in Germany
Obesity in Germany

References

↑ Map of Germany, SitesAtlas.com, 2009, web: SitA-511.
↑ "Ryan Jahnke Online", FigureskatersOnline.com, 2009, web: FSO-RJah.
↑ "Germany". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 2009-07-14. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/germany/.
↑ Germany world's second biggest aid donor after US TopNews, India, Retrieved 2008, 04-10.
↑ "The fifteen major spenders in 2006" (PDF). Recent trends in military expenditure. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2007. http://www.sipri.org/contents/milap/milex/mex_major_spenders.pdf/download.

External links

Wikimedia Atlas of Germany

General

Deutschland.de — official German portal
Germany Tourism
Information about Germany in English — IamExpat in Germany
German news and features — Expatica
DW-WORLD.DE Deutsche Welle — Germany's international broadcaster
News Portal of the German Embassy to the USA
"History of Germany since 1945". http://www-englisch.fh-hof.de/fileadmin/AAA/Formulare_Incomings/_berblick_Deutschland.pdf. (1.28 MB)

Facts and figures

CIA statistics
Facts about Germany — by the German Federal Foreign Office
Destatis.de — Federal Statistical Office Germany Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist.

Travel

Germany travel guide from Wikivoyage
Germany Travel Info — by the German National Tourist Office

Pictures

Database of travelers' photos sorted by region (fotocommunity)

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline of Germany. Read more

[1] Map of Germany, SitesAtlas.com, 2009, web: SitA-511.

[2] "Ryan Jahnke Online", FigureskatersOnline.com, 2009, web: FSO-RJah.

[CIA_World_Factbook-3] "Germany". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 2009-07-14. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/germany/.

[4] Germany world's second biggest aid donor after US TopNews, India, Retrieved 2008, 04-10.

[5] "The fifteen major spenders in 2006" (PDF). Recent trends in military expenditure. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2007. http://www.sipri.org/contents/milap/milex/mex_major_spenders.pdf/download.

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Outline of Germany

Topic: Place

Contents

General reference

Geography of Germany

Neighbours of Germany

Environment of Germany

Geographic features of Germany

Administrative divisions of Germany

States of Germany

Further subdivisions

Demography of Germany

Government and politics of Germany

Branches of the government of Germany

Executive branch of the government of Germany

Legislative branch of the government of Germany

Judicial branch of the government of Germany

Foreign relations of Germany

International organization membership

Law and order in Germany

Military of Germany

Local government in Germany

History of Germany

History of Germany, by period

Years in Germany

History of Germany, by region

History of Germany, by subject

Culture of Germany

Art in Germany

Music of Germany

People of Germany

Religion and belief systems in Germany

Sports in Germany

Economy and infrastructure of Germany

Energy in Germany

Education in Germany

Health in Germany

See also

References

External links