Qaa

Qaa القاع El Qaa, Al Qaa
Qaa Location in Lebanon
Coordinates: [ ⚑ ] : 34°20′37″N 36°28′32″E / 34.34361°N 36.47556°E / 34.34361; 36.47556
Country	Lebanon
Governorate	Baalbek-Hermel
District	Baalbek
Government
• Type	Municipality
• Mayor	Bachir Matar
Area
• Total	4.98 sq mi (12.91 km2)
Elevation	2,156 ft (657 m)
Population  (2010)[1]
• Total	500
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	+3

Shepherd Neolithic flint tools discovered at Kamouh el Hermel. 1. End scraper on a flake. 2. Transverse scraper and awl on a thin flake. 3. Borer on a flake blade. 4. Burin with a wide working edge on a heavy flake. All in matt brown flint.

Qaa (Arabic: القاع), El Qaa, Al Qaa, Qaa Baalbek or Masharih al-Qaa is a town in Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon.^[2] A 2010 report stated that population of the settlement was 500, all Lebanese Maronites

History

In 1838, Eli Smith noted Qaa's population as being predominantly Catholic Christian.^[3]

On June 28, 1978, unidentified militiamen killed twenty-six villagers from Qaa and three other villages. The murders were believed to be connected to the killing of thirty-four people, including Tony Franjieh, on 13 June. The gunmen were reported to have had lists of names from which they selected their victims.^[4]

The Syrian army invaded Lebanon at 4 a.m. on 1 September 2012 and kidnapped a farmer from the town as part of escalating incursions during the Syrian civil war. The invasion lasted for forty minutes before the unit withdrew. A house in Qaa had previously been hit by a shell fired by the Syrian army.^[5]

On the 27 June 2016, at least five people in Qaa were killed and thirteen others wounded in an attack by four suicide bombers during the Syrian Civil war spillover into Lebanon.^[6][7][8]

Archaeology

Along with Maqne I, Qaa is a type site of the Shepherd Neolithic industry. The site is located 5 miles (8 km) north west of the town, north of a path leading from Qaa to Hermel. It was discovered by M. Billaux and the materials recovered were documented by Henri Fleisch in 1966.^[9] The area was lightly cultivated with a thin soil covering the conglomerates. The flints were divided into three groups of a reddish brown, light brown and one that was mostly chocolate and grey colored with a radiant "desert shine".^[2]

The Shepherd Neolithic industry can be defined firstly by being small and thick in size, with flakes commonly ranging from 2.5 centimetres (1.0 in) to 4 centimetres (1.6 in), the thickness distinguishing them from geometric microliths. Their second characteristic is the limited number of forms that the tools take, apart from cores being transverse racloirs on small flakes, strong-pointed borers, denticulated or notched thick, short blades and end-scrapers. It was thirdly characterized by a lack of known typology, with only occasional use of Levallois technique. It was determined to be definitely later than the Mesolithic but without any usual forms from the Upper Paleolithic or pottery Neolithic. Henri Fleisch tentatively suggested the industry to be Epipaleolithic and suggested it may have been used by nomadic shepherds.^[2] The Shepherd Neolithic has largely been ignored and understudied following the outbreak of the Lebanese civil war.

See also

• Qaa massacre
• Al-Qaa airstrike
• 2016 Qaa bombings

References

Bibliography

External links

• Qaa Baalbek, Localiban
• Image of the landscape of Qaa including massive stone block

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