Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Tabuk
Tabuk; تَبُوْك
	City
	Skyline of Tabuk
	Tabuk Location in Saudi Arabia Tabuk Tabuk (Middle East) Tabuk Tabuk (West and Central Asia)
	Coordinates: [ ⚑ ] : 28°23′50″N 36°34′44″E / 28.39722°N 36.57889°E
Country	Saudi Arabia
Province	Tabuk
Governorate	Tabuk
Elevation	760 m (2,490 ft)
Population (2022 census)
• City	594,350
• Metro	623,665 (Tabuk Governorate)
GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)
• Year	2023
• Total (Metro)	$29.6 billion
• Per capita	$43,100
Time zone	UTC+3 (AST)
Area code(s)	+966 14

Tabuk (Arabic: تَبُوْك Tabūk, ar) is the capital city of the Tabuk Province in northwestern Saudi Arabia. It has a population of 594,350 (as of 2022). It is close to the Jordan–Saudi Arabia border and houses the Second air force base in Saudi Arabia.^[3]

History and prehistory

Tabuk Province is rich in antiquities and archaeological sites such as petroglyphs, inscriptions, forts, palaces, sections of the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrimage (Hajj) routes, aswell as remains of the Hejaz railway, an important station of which is located in Tabuk.

Hundreds of localities with rock art and inscriptions dating to different archaeological periods ranging from the Paleolithic to the Islamic period were recorded at Wadi Dam and the region west of Tabuk. A study of the art revealed rich stylistic variability with representations of both human and animal figures. Numerous sites in the area with Thamudic, Greek and Nabataean inscriptions have been found.

The ancient region of Midian roughly corresponds to what is now the Tabuk Province.^[4] According to tradition, a fortified place belinging to the Aṣ-ḥāb al-Aykah ("Companions of the Wood"), the term used in the Quran for the Midianites,^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] is identified with Tabuk or even its fort, although the extant one is less than five centuries old.

Tabouk became famous for the Expedition of Tabuk in 630, during the period of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Since then, it remained a gateway to North Arabia.

Ain Sukkrah is an ancient ‘ayn (Arabic: عَيْن, romanized: spring) dating back to Pre-Islamic Arabia ("Era of Ignorance").^{[clarification needed]} It is remembered that Muhammad camped for more than ten days near the spring during the expedition of Tabuk, and drank from its water.^[9]

The Hajj fort of Tabuk we see today dates back to the 16th century, during the Ottoman period and has been restored many times since. Several forts and stations were built along the Syrian Hajj (pilgrimage) route, from Damascus to Medina, to welcome and protect the pilgrims performing the Hajj. The fort consists of two floors built around an open courtyard with a mosque, a well, and a stairway leading to the watch towers used by the guards. The Tabuk fort is considered a historical landmark of the region and is open to visitors.

Tabuk was visited by Charles Montagu Doughty in 1877.

Tabuk was captured by the Arab forces in 1918, three weeks after the British capture of Damascus.^[10]

Demographics

In 1950, Tabuk had a population of 12,000. By 2022, this number had grown to 594,350.^[1]

Education

Universities include:

University of Tabuk
Fahad bin Sultan University

Private schools include:

British International School of Tabuk
International Indian School Tabuk
Pakistan International School of Tabuk
Philippine International School
King Abdulaziz Model schools
Tabuk International School
Bangladesh International School, Tabuk

The University of Tabuk
British International School of Tabuk

Geography and climate

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Transportation

Tabuk Regional Airport is served by Saudia^[14] and other airlines, with both domestic and international destinations.^[15]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Tabuk Governorate". https://www.citypopulation.de/en/saudiarabia/tabuk/0701__tab%C5%ABk/.
↑ "TelluBase—Saudi Arabia Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)". Tellusant. https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_sau.pdf.
↑ Mackey, Sandra (2002), The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom, New York: W.W. Norton and Company, p. 234, ISBN 0-393-32417-6 Updated Edition. Norton Paperback. First edition: 1987; Pbk.
↑ Edwards, Grace (2023-12-19). "6: Tabuk and Medina Provinces". Saudi Arabia. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 188–246. ISBN 978-1-7847-7933-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9PrEAAAQBAJ.
↑ Quran 15:78-79
↑ Quran 26:176-189
↑ Quran 38:13-15
↑ Quran 50:12-14
↑ Book of hadith of Sahih Muslim
↑ Saunders, Nicholas J. (2020-08-12) (in en). Desert Insurgency: Archaeology, T. E. Lawrence, and the Arab Revolt. Oxford University Press. p. 683. ISBN 978-0-19-103071-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=v771DwAAQBAJ.
↑ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/SaudiArabia/CSV/Tabuk_40375.csv.
↑ "Climate Data for Saudi Arabia". Jeddah Regional Climate Center. http://jrcc.sa/reports_files/1985_2010Reports/Tabuk.RTF.
↑ "Klimatafel von Tabuk / Saudi-Arabien". Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_403750_kt.pdf.
↑ "HZ-AAK Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720710-0. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
↑ DoD Flight Information Publication (Enroute) – Supplement Europe, North Africa and Middle East. St. Louis, Missouri, the U.S.A.: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2021. pp. B-419 – B-420.
↑ mbraseys, N. N.; Melville, C. P.; Adams, R. D. (2005). The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea: A Historical Review. Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–32; 101. ISBN 978-0-521-02025-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=fxnnk2inWT0C&pg=PA31.

External links

Template:Saudi cities Template:Ottoman Hajj Routes

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[TabukPopulation-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Tabuk Governorate". https://www.citypopulation.de/en/saudiarabia/tabuk/0701__tab%C5%ABk/.

[TelluBase-2] "TelluBase—Saudi Arabia Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)". Tellusant. https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_sau.pdf.

[3] Mackey, Sandra (2002), The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom, New York: W.W. Norton and Company, p. 234, ISBN 0-393-32417-6 Updated Edition. Norton Paperback. First edition: 1987; Pbk.

[Edwards2013-4] Edwards, Grace (2023-12-19). "6: Tabuk and Medina Provinces". Saudi Arabia. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 188–246. ISBN 978-1-7847-7933-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9PrEAAAQBAJ.

[5] Quran 15:78-79

[6] Quran 26:176-189

[7] Quran 38:13-15

[8] Quran 50:12-14

[9] Book of hadith of Sahih Muslim

[10] Saunders, Nicholas J. (2020-08-12) (in en). Desert Insurgency: Archaeology, T. E. Lawrence, and the Arab Revolt. Oxford University Press. p. 683. ISBN 978-0-19-103071-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=v771DwAAQBAJ.

[11] "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/SaudiArabia/CSV/Tabuk_40375.csv.

[JRCC-12] "Climate Data for Saudi Arabia". Jeddah Regional Climate Center. http://jrcc.sa/reports_files/1985_2010Reports/Tabuk.RTF.

[13] "Klimatafel von Tabuk / Saudi-Arabien". Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_403750_kt.pdf.

[ASN_110772-14] "HZ-AAK Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720710-0. Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[DOD_2021-15] DoD Flight Information Publication (Enroute) – Supplement Europe, North Africa and Middle East. St. Louis, Missouri, the U.S.A.: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2021. pp. B-419 – B-420.

[Ambraseys-16] raseys, N. N.; Melville, C. P.; Adams, R. D. (2005). The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea: A Historical Review. Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–32; 101. ISBN 978-0-521-02025-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=fxnnk2inWT0C&pg=PA31.

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