Bible translations into Geʽez

Bible translations into Geʽez, an ancient South Semitic language of the Ethiopian branch, date back to the 6th century at least, making them one of the world's oldest Bible translations.^[1][2]

Translations of the Bible in Geʽez, in a predecessor of the Geʽez script which did not possess vowels, were created between the 5th and 7th century,^[2] soon after the Christianization of Ethiopia in the 4th century.^[3] This took place in a period of time alongside which other canonical and liturgical texts were being translated into Geʽez, as is indicated by the Aksumite Collection.^[4][5]

The Garima Gospels are the oldest translation of the Bible in Geʽez and the world's earliest complete illustrated Christian manuscript.^[6] Monastic tradition holds that they were composed close to the year 500,^[7] a date supported by recent radiocarbon analysis; samples from Garima 2 proposed a date of

CA|other uses of "Cca"|CCA (disambiguation)|CCA|other uses of "Circa"|Circa (disambiguation)}}Template:TWCleanup2Circa (from la 'around, about, roughly, approximately') – frequently abbreviated ca. or c. and less frequently circ., cca. or cc. – signifies "approximately" in several European languages and is used as a loanword in English, usually in reference to a date.[8] Circa is widely used in historical writing when the dates of events are not accurately known.

When used in date ranges, circa is applied before each approximate date, while dates without circa immediately preceding them are generally assumed to be known with certainty.

• 1732–1799: Both years are known precisely.
• c. 1732 – 1799: The beginning year is approximate; the end year is known precisely.
• 1732 – c. 1799: The beginning year is known precisely; the end year is approximate.
• c. 1732 – c. 1799: Both years are approximate.

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390–570, while counterpart dating of samples from Garima 1 proposed a date of

CA|other uses of "Cca"|CCA (disambiguation)|CCA|other uses of "Circa"|Circa (disambiguation)}}Template:TWCleanup2Circa (from la 'around, about, roughly, approximately') – frequently abbreviated ca. or c. and less frequently circ., cca. or cc. – signifies "approximately" in several European languages and is used as a loanword in English, usually in reference to a date.[1] Circa is widely used in historical writing when the dates of events are not accurately known.

When used in date ranges, circa is applied before each approximate date, while dates without circa immediately preceding them are generally assumed to be known with certainty.

• 1732–1799: Both years are known precisely.
• c. 1732 – 1799: The beginning year is approximate; the end year is known precisely.
• 1732 – c. 1799: The beginning year is known precisely; the end year is approximate.
• c. 1732 – c. 1799: Both years are approximate.

• Floruit

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530–660.[1] The Garima Gospels is also thought to be the oldest surviving Geʽez manuscript.[2][3]

The milestones of the modern editions were the Roman edition of the New Testament in 1548 edited by Tasfa Seyon, which is the editio princeps,^[4] and the critical edition of the New Testament by Thomas P. Platt in 1830 (his edition of the Geʽez four Gospels was first published in 1826^[4]).^[5]

Geʽez Bible manuscripts existed until at least the late 17th century.^[6]

In 2009, the Ethiopian Catholic Church and the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church associated themselves with the Bible Society of Ethiopia to produce a printed version of the Bible in Geʽez. The New Testament was released in 2017.^[7]

• Piovanelli, Pierluigi. "Aksum and the Bible: Old Assumptions and New Perspectives." Aethiopica 21 (2018): 7-27. Open access
• Mikre-Sellassie, G.A. (2000-07-01). "The Early Translation of the Bible into Ethiopic/Geez" (in en). The Bible Translator 51 (3): 302–316. doi:10.1177/026009350005100302. ISSN 2051-6770. 
• Bausi, Alessandro (1999). "Un nuovo studio sulla versione etiopica della Bibbia" (in it). Rassegna di Studi Etiopici XLIII: 5–19. https://www.academia.edu/1613058. 
• Hannah, Darrell. "The Vorlage of the Ethiopic Version of the Epistula Apostolorum: Greek or Arabic?." Beyond Canon: Early Christianity and the Ethiopic Textual Tradition (2020): 97ff.
• LEFEVRE, RENATO (1969). "Documenti e Notizie Su Tasfā Ṣeyon e la Sua Attività Romana Nel Sec. Xvi" (in it). Rassegna di Studi Etiopici 24: 74–133. ISSN 0390-0096. 
• Knibb, Michael A. 2000. Translating the Bible: The Ethiopic Version of the Old Testament, by Michael A. Knibb. The Schweich Lectures for 1995. New York: Oxford University Press for the British Academy.
• Ullendorff, Edward, Ethiopia and the Bible: The Schweich Lectures (Oxford: British Academy, 1968) ISBN 0-19-726076-4
• Zuurmond, Rochus. "The Ethiopic Version of the New Testament." The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis (1995): 142–56.

• (in gez) Testamentum Nouum cum epistola Pauli ad Hebreos tantum, cum concordantijs euangelistarum Eusebij & numeratione omnium verborum eorundem. Missale cum benedictione incensi ceræ ... Chaldea, quæ omnia frater Petrus Ethyops ... imprimi curauit. National Central Library of Rome. 1548. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_KPNa9Mc5gjYC. 
• Platt, Thomas Pell, ed (1830) (in gez). Novum Testamentum Domini Nostri et Servatoris Jesu Christi aethiopice. University of Michigan. Impressit R. Watts. https://archive.org/details/novumtestamentu00platgoog. 
• VETERIS TESTAMENTI AETHIOPICA, Ran HaCohen's text digitization of Augustus Dillmann's edited OT

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