Flora (mythology)

Flora
	Goddess of flowers and spring
	Cosiddetta Flora from the Villa di Arianna in Stabiae near Pompeii, 1st century Roman fresco
Abode	Elysium
Symbols	flower
Festivals	Floralia
Personal information
Consort	Favonius–Zephyrus
Children	Carpus
Equivalents
Greek equivalent	Chloris
Oscan equivalent	Fluusa

Short description: Roman flower goddess

Flora (Latin: Flōra) is a Roman goddess of flowers and spring^[1] – a symbol for nature and flowers (especially the may-flower). While she was otherwise a relatively minor figure in Roman mythology, being one among several fertility goddesses, her association with the spring gave her particular importance at the coming of springtime, as did her role as goddess of youth.^[2] She was one of the fifteen deities who had their own flamen, the Floralis, one of the flamines minores. Her Ancient Greece counterpart is Chloris.

Etymology

The name Flōra descends from Proto-Italic *flōsā ('goddess of flowers'), itself a derivation from Proto-Italic *flōs ('flower'; cf. Latin flōs, flōris 'blossom, flower').^[3] It is cognate with the Oscan goddess of flowers Fluusa, demonstrating that the cult was known more widely among Italic peoples. The name ultimately derives from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃ōs ('blossoming').^[3]

Festival

Her festival, the Floralia, was held between April 28 and May 3 and symbolized the renewal of the cycle of life, drinking, and flowers.^[4] The festival was first instituted in 240 B.C.E, and on the advice of the Sibylline books, she was also given a temple in 238 B.C.E. At the festival, with the men decked in flowers, and the women wearing normally forbidden gay costumes, five days of farces and mimes were enacted – ithyphallic,^[5] and including nudity when called for^[6] – followed by a sixth day of the hunting of goats and hares.^[7] On May 23 another (rose) festival was held in her honor.^[4]

Flora's Greek equivalent is Chloris,^[8] who was a nymph. Flora is married to Favonius, the wind god also known as Zephyr, and her companion was Hercules. According to the legend, Flora ran away from Favonius, but he caught her, married her and gave her dominion over the flowers.^[9]

Flora achieved more prominence in the neo-pagan revival of Antiquity among Renaissance humanists than she had ever enjoyed in ancient Rome.^{[citation needed]}

Music

Flora is the main character of the 1894 ballet The Awakening of Flora.

Sculpture

There are many monuments to Flora, for example in Rome (Italy), Valencia (Spain), and Szczecin (Poland).

statue of Flora at Orangerie Kassel, around 1703
Flora Farnese (Naples), mid-18th century AD

In art

Ancient Roman mosaic of Flora in the Carthage National Museum
Flora on a gold aureus of 43–39 BCE
Detail of Flora from Primavera by Botticelli, c. 1482
Flora by Titian, 1515
Idealized Portrait of a Courtesan as Flora by Bartolomeo Veneto, c. 1520
Flora by Francesco Melzi, c. 1520
Flora and Zephyr, by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens, 1617
Flora by Claude Vignon, 1650
Flora by Rembrandt, 1654
Flora or Hebe by Alexander Roslin, 18th century
Flora by Valentine Walter Bromley, 1874
Flora by Ferdinand Keller, 1883
Flora by Mosè Bianchi, 1890

References

↑ "Flora". Myth Index. http://mythindex.com/roman-mythology/F/Flora.html.
↑ H. Nettleship ed., A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1891) p. 238
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 de Vaan 2008, pp. 227–228.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Guirand, Felix; Aldington, Richard; Ames, Delano; Graves, Robert (December 16, 1987). New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology. Crescent Books. p. 201. ISBN 0517004046. https://archive.org/details/newlarousseencyc00robe/page/201.
↑ P/ Green ed., Juvenal: The Sixteen Satires (1982) p. 156
↑ H. J. Rose, A Handbook of Latin Literature (1967) p. 151
↑ H. Nettleship ed., A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1891) p. 238
↑ Smith, s.v. Chloris (3).
↑ Grimal, Pierre (1987). The Dictionary of Classical Mythology. New York, USA: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 165. ISBN 0-631-13209-0. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas00grim/.

Bibliography

Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
de Vaan, Michiel (2008) (in en). Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Brill. ISBN 9789004167971. https://books.google.com/books?id=ecZ1DwAAQBAJ.

Primary

Ovid, Fasti V.193-212
Macrobius, Saturnalia I.10.11-14
Lactantius, Divinae institutions I.20.6-10

External links

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora (mythology). Read more

[1] "Flora". Myth Index. http://mythindex.com/roman-mythology/F/Flora.html.

[2] H. Nettleship ed., A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1891) p. 238

[FOOTNOTEde_Vaan2008227–228-3] 3.0 ^3.1 de Vaan 2008, pp. 227–228.

[NewLarousse2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Guirand, Felix; Aldington, Richard; Ames, Delano; Graves, Robert (December 16, 1987). New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology. Crescent Books. p. 201. ISBN 0517004046. https://archive.org/details/newlarousseencyc00robe/page/201.

[5] P/ Green ed., Juvenal: The Sixteen Satires (1982) p. 156

[6] H. J. Rose, A Handbook of Latin Literature (1967) p. 151

[7] H. Nettleship ed., A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1891) p. 238

[8] Smith, s.v. Chloris (3).

[9] Grimal, Pierre (1987). The Dictionary of Classical Mythology. New York, USA: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 165. ISBN 0-631-13209-0. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas00grim/.

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