This chronological list of popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Annuario Pontificio no longer identifies popes by regnal number, stating that it is impossible to decide which pope represented the legitimate succession at various times.[1] The 2001 edition of the Annuario Pontificio introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.[2]
The term pope (Latin: papa, lit. 'father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including Summus Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, and Servus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.[3]
Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Christopher was considered a legitimate pope for a long time but was removed due to how he obtained the papacy. Pope-elect Stephen was listed as Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was removed. The decisions of the Council of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of the Western Schism, extending Gregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimants Alexander V and John XXIII as antipopes.
A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as martyrs.
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| c. 199 –
c. 200
(1 year, 0 days)
| Natalius
NATALIVS
| style="font-size:85%"|Roma, Italia, Roman Empire[birth 1]
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. In opposition to pope Zephyrinus. Later reconciled.
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| 217 –
235
(18 years, 0 days)
| St Hippolytus
HIPPOLYTVS
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 170 AD Asia Minor, Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|47 / 65
| style="font-size:85%"|Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below).
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| March 251 –
258
(7 years, 0 days)
| Novatian
NOVATIANVS
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 200–20 AD Rome, Italia, Roman Empire[birth 1]
| style="font-size:85%"|31–51 / 38–58
|style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. Founder of Novatianism. In opposition to Cornelius, Lucius I, Stephen I and Sixtus II.
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| 355 –
22 November 365
(10 years, 0 days)
| Felix II
FELIX Secundus
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 300 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|55 / 65
|style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Pope Liberius. Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II.
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| 1 October 366 –
16 November 367
(1 year, 46 days)
| Ursinus
VRSINVS
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
|style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Damasus I. Banished to Gallia by Emperor Valentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384.
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| 27 December 418 –
3 April 419
(97 days)
| Eulalius
EVLALIVS
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 350–80 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|68–38 / 69–39 (†72–42)
|style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Pope Boniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of the emperor Honorius, but lost it quickly. Exiled in Campania, and died in 423.
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| 22 November 498 –
Aug 506/8
(7 years, 252 days)
| Laurence
LAVRENTIVS
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 460 AD Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|38 / 46 (†48)
|style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. In opposition to Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favor of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.
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| 22 September 530 –
14 October 530
(22 days)
| Dioscore
DIOSCORVS
| style="font-size:85%"|Alexandria, Aegyptus, Eastern Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
|style="font-size:85%"| (Eastern) Roman citizen of Greek descent. In opposition to Pope Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by Constantinople, he died less than a month after his election.
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| 22 March 752 –
25 March 752
(3)
(Never took office as pope)
|
| Stephen
STEPHANUS
| Stephanus
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|52 / 52
| style="font-size:85%"|(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
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| October 903 –
January 904
(92 days)
(92)
| Christopher
CHRISTOFORO
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Leo V.
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| 6 December 963 –
26 February 964
(82 days)
(82)
| Leo VIII
LEO Octavus
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 915 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|48 / 49
|style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. His pontificate after the deposition of Benedict V is considered legitimate by the modern Catholic Church.
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| July 974 –
July 974
(30 days)
(30)
| Boniface VII
BONFATIUS Septinus
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to Benedict VI and Benedict VII.
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| 20 August 984 –
20 July 985
(334 days)
(334)
| Boniface VII
BONFATIUS Septinus
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XIV and John XV
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| April 997 –
February 998
(306 days)
(306)
| John XVI
IOANNES Sextus Decimus
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 941 Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|55 / 56 (†60)
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as an Eastern Roman citizen. In opposition to Gregory V
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| 12 June 1012 –
31 December 1012
(202 days)
|
| Gregory VI
GREGORIVS Sextus
| Gregorio
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Benedict VIII
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| 4 April 1058 –
24 January 1059
(295 days)
|
| Benedict X
BENEDICTVS Decimus
| Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Nicholas II.
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| 30 September 1061 –
1072
(10 years, 185 days)
|
| Honorius II
HONORIVS Secundus
| Pietro Candalus
| style="font-size:85%"|1010 Verona, March of Verona, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|61 / 72
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the March of Verona, was of Italian ethnicity (born after the Placiti Cassinesi was written). In opposition to Pope Alexander II
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| 25 June 1080 –
8 September 1100
(20 years, 75 days)
|
| Clement III
CLEMENS Tertius
| Guibert of Ravenna
| style="font-size:85%"|1029 Ravenna, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|51 / 71
| style="font-size:85%"|In opposition to Pope Gregory VII, Pope Victor III, Pope Urban II and Pope Paschal II.
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| 8 September 1100 –
January 1101
(115 days)
|
| Theodoric
THEODORICVS
| Teodorico
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 1030 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|70 / 71
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Pope Paschal II
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| January 1101 –
February 1102
(1 year, 31 days)
|
| Adalbert
ADALBERTVS
| Adalberto
O.S.B.
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Pope Paschal II
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| 8 November 1105 –
11 April 1111
(5 years, 154 days)
|
| Sylvester IV
SILVESTER Quartus
| Maguinulf
| style="font-size:85%"|1050 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|49 / 55 (†56)
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, was of German ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II.
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| 10 March 1118 –
20 April 1121
(3 years, 41 days)
|
| Gregory VIII
GREGORIVS Octavus
| Maurice Baurdain
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 1060 Limousin, Occitania, France
| style="font-size:85%"|58 / 61 (†77)
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France, was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition to Gelasius II and Callixtus II.
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| 16 December 1124–
16 December 1124
(0 days)
|
| Celestine II
COELESTINVS Secundus
| Teobaldo Boccapecora
| style="font-size:85%"|1050 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|74 / 74 (†76)
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Honorius II.
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| 14 February 1130 –
25 January 1138
(7 years, 345 days)
|
| Anacletus II
ANACLETUS Secundus
| Pietro Pierleoni
O.S.B.
| style="font-size:85%"|1090 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|40 / 48
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II.
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| 23 March 1138 –
25 March 1138
(2 days)
|
| Victor IV
VICTOR Quartus
| Gregorio Conti
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of throne the Papal States. In Opposition to Pope Innocent II
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| 7 September 1159 –
20 April 1164
(4 years, 226 days)
|
| Victor IV
VICTOR Quartus
| Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli
| style="font-size:85%"|1095 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|64 / 69
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Pope Alexander III.
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| 28 April 1164 –
22 September 1168
(4 years, 147 days)
|
| Paschal III
PASCALIS Tertius
| Guido di Crema
| style="font-size:85%"|1110 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|54 / 58
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
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| 30 September 1168 –
29 August 1178
(9 years, 333 days)
|
| Callixtus III
CALLIXTVS Tertius
| Giovanni di Struma
O.S.B.
| style="font-size:85%"|1090 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|78 / 88
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
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| 29 September 1179 –
January 1180
(124 days)
|
| Innocent III
INNOCENTIVS Tertius
| Lando di Sezze (or Lanzo)
| style="font-size:85%"|1120 Sezze, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|59 / 60 (†63)
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
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| 12 May 1328–
25 July 1330
(2 years, 74 days)
|
| Nicholas V
NICOLAVS Quintus
| Pietro Rainalducci,
O.F.M.
| style="font-size:85%"|1260 Corvaro, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|68 / 70 (†73)
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XXII.
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| 20 September 1378 –
16 September 1394
(15 years, 353 days)
|
| Clement VII
CLEMENS Septimus
| Robert de Genève
| style="font-size:85%"|1342 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy, H.R.E.
| style="font-size:85%"|36 / 52
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France. In opposition to Urban VI (1378–89) and Boniface IX (1389–1404)
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| 28 September 1394 –
23 May 1423
(28 years, 237 days)
|
| Benedict XIII
BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus
| Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor
| style="font-size:85%"|25 November 1328 Illueca, Aragon
| style="font-size:85%"|66 / 94
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. In opposition to Boniface IX (1389–1404), Innocent VII (1404–06), Gregory XII (1406–15), Martin V (1417–31) and Pisan Antipopes Alexander V (1409–10) and John XXIII (1410–15)
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| 30 June 1409 –
3 May 1410
(307 days)
|
| Alexander V
ALEXANDER Quintus
| Pétros Philárgēs,
O.F.M.
| style="font-size:85%"|1339 Neapoli, Candia, Republic of Venice
| style="font-size:85%"|70 / 71
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a citizen of the Republic of Venice. Was of Greek ethnicity. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is numbered as such to this day.
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| 25 May 1410 –
30 May 1415
(5 years, 5 days)
|
| John XXIII
IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius
| Baldassarre Cossa
| style="font-size:85%"|1365 Procida, Naples
| style="font-size:85%"|45 / 50 (†54)
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Convened Council of Constance. Deposed. Became dean of the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958.
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| 10[4] or 20[5] June 1423 –
26 July 1429
(6 years, 36 days)
|
| Clement VIII
CLEMENS Octavus
| Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón
| style="font-size:85%"|1369 Teruel, Aragon
| style="font-size:85%"|54 / 60 (†77)
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Martin V.
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| 1424 –
1429
|
| Antipope Benedict XIV
| Bernard Garnier
| style="font-size:85%"|France
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants[6]
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| 1430 –
1437
|
| Antipope Benedict XIV
| Jean Carrier
| style="font-size:85%"|France
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants[7]
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| 5 November 1439 –
7 April 1449
(9 years, 153 days)
|
| Felix V
FELIX Quintus
| Amadeus
| style="font-size:85%"|4 September 1383 Chambéry, France
| style="font-size:85%"|56 / 65 (†67)
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France. In opposition to Eugene IV[8] and Nicholas V.[9] Also ruled as count of Savoy.
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Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-
Template:Pope list item Longest-living pope on record. Died on 31 December 2022, in Vatican.[10]
51 popes and 6 antipopes (in italics) have been members of religious orders, including 12 members of third orders. They are listed by order as follows:
Family | Order | Number | Percentage | Popes | Total | Percentage of all popes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Augustinians | Order of Saint Augustine | 1 | 1.75% | Eugene IV | 6 | 2.26% |
Canons Regular | 4 | 7.02% | Honorius II, Innocent II, Lucius II, Adrian IV | |||
Premonstratense | 1 | 1.75% | Gregory VIII | |||
Benedictines | Order of Saint Benedict | 22 | 38.6% | Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, John XVI, Sylvester II, Sergius IV, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Adalbert, Gelasius II, Anacletus II, Callixtus III, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII | 23 | 8.65% |
Camaldolese | 1 | 1.75% | Gregory XVI | |||
Cistercians | 2 | 3.51% | Eugene III, Benedict XII | 2 | 0.75% | |
Dominicans | 7 | 12.28% | Innocent V, Benedict XI, Nicholas V, Pius V, Benedict XIII, Benedict XV | 7 | 2.63% | |
Franciscans | Order of Friars Minor | 5 | 8.77% | Nicholas IV, Nicholas V, Alexander V, Sixtus IV, Julius II | 17 | 6.39% |
Order of Friars Minor Conventual | 2 | 3.51% | Sixtus V, Clement XIV | |||
Secular Franciscan Order | 10 | 17.54% | Gregory IX, Gregory X, Martin V, Innocent XII, Clement XII, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Pius XI, John XXIII | |||
Jesuits | 1 | 1.75% | Francis | 1 | 0.38% | |
Theatines | 1 | 1.75% | Paul IV | 1 | 0.38% | |
Total | 57 | 57 |
Regnal numbers follow the usual convention for European monarchs. The first pope who chooses a unique name is not usually identified by an ordinal, John Paul I being the exception. Antipopes are treated as pretenders, and their numbers are reused by those considered to be legitimate popes. However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes.[11]
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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of popes.
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