Monastery of Saint John the Theologian

Monastery of Saint-John the Theologian
UNESCO World Heritage Site
	Exterior view of the monastery walls
Location	Patmos, Greece
Part of	The Historic Centre (Chorá) with the Monastery of Saint-John the Theologian and the Cave of the Apocalypse on the Island of Pátmos
Criteria	Cultural: (iii)(iv)(vi)
Reference	942
Inscription	1999 (23rd session)
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Short description: Revelation monastery

The Monastery of Saint John the Theologian (also called Monastery of Saint John the Divine) is a Greek Orthodox monastery founded in 1088 in Chora on the island of Patmos. It is named after St. John of Patmos, the author of the Christian Book of Revelation who, according to the text, lived on the island when visions of the apocalypse came to him. Since its founding, the monastery has been a pilgrimage site and a place of Greek Orthodox learning and worship.^[1] The monastery is unique in that it integrated from its founding the surrounding community of Chora, which was built around its fortifications.^[1] Religious ceremonies that date back to the early Christian period are still practiced within the monastery today. Because of its sacred significance, uninterrupted architectural evolution, and the exceptional preservation of early Christian customs, the monastery was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999, along with the town of Chora and the nearby Cave of the Apocalypse.^[1]

History

In 1088, Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos gave the island of Patmos to a monk, Christodoulos Latrinos. The greater part of the monastery was completed by Christodoulos three years later. He heavily fortified the exterior because of the threats of piracy and Seljuk Turks.^[2] The oldest parts of the monastery are the Katholikón (main church) and the refectory, dating from the 11th century.^[1] The Katholikón has the typical shape of a Byzantine church, with a domed cross-in-square style.^[3] The floor is elaborately carved out of marble is opus sectile style, and has wall paintings and frescoes dating to the Middle Ages.^[3] A two-storied arcade on the south side of the monastery was built in 1698.^[1]

At least 330 manuscripts are housed in the library (267 on parchment), including 82 manuscripts of the New Testament. Minuscules: 1160–1181, 1385–1389, 1899, 1901, 1966, 2001–2002, 2080–2081, 2297, 2464–2468, 2639, 2758, 2504, 2639, and lectionaries.^[4]

As of 2012, 40 monks reside at the monastery.^{[citation needed]} The monastery has, amongst its relics, the skull of Saint Thomas the Apostle.^[5]