Quranic timeline

The page gives a timeline of the various events related to the Quran according to traditional Islamic accounts.

Events

Muhammad

• 22 December 609 CE, Muhammad recites a chapter of the Quran for the first time after angel Gabriel, according to Islamic tradition, reveals surah Al-Alaq in the Cave of Hira.
• 610 CE, Muhammad receives the second revelation with surah Al-Muddaththir.^[1]
• 622 CE Al-Baqara, the first surah after the Hijrah is revealed.^[2]
• 624 CE Al-Anfal is revealed mentioning the Battle of Badr.^[3]
• 632 CE surah Al-Ma'idah is revealed, the last sura.^{[4][better source needed]}

Post Muhammad

• 633 CE The Qur'an was written down on the order of Abu Bakr in one book form
• earlier than 645 -In 2015 the manuscript, which is held by the University of Birmingham was radiocarbon dated to between 568 and 645 CE (in the Islamic calendar, between 56 BH and 25 AH)
• 653 CE The Quran is canonized by Uthman ibn Affan^[5]
• 657 CE; pages of the Quran are wrapped around swords by Muawiyahs forces during the Battle of Siffin
• 661 CE - 671 CE: the estimated radiocarbon dating of one of the oldest surviving copy of the Quran, the Sanaa manuscript^[6]
• 769: The first full tafsir attributed to Muqatil ibn Sulayman ibn Bashiral-Balkhi. Ma'ani al-Qur'an (The Meaning of The Qur'an) by Abu Zakaria al-Farra (207AH).
• 859 CE, the oldest quranic school (madrasa) in University of al-Qarawiyyin is built^[7]
• 883 CE; Tafsir al-Tabari, one of the oldest and big surviving tafsir collections was completed
• 884 CE; the first complete translation of the Quran into a foreign language^[8]
• 1609 CE Quranic calligraphy for the Taj Mahal is created by Abdul Haq, aka Amanat Khan
• 1649 CE; the first known translation of the Quran into the English language by Alexander Ross, chaplain to King Charles I.^[9]

Some modern scientific methods discussed in "Nassourou, Mohamadou (2013), 'The Qurʾanic verses : history, computer-supported reconstruction of the order of revelation, examining the concept of abrogation', AVM - Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft, Munich, Germany, ISBN:978-3869244754" have also been used to reconstruct the entire chronology of the Quranic verses.

References

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