Bari language

Bari
	Barian
	Karo, Kutuk
Region	South Sudan
Ethnicity	Bari people
Native speakers	770,000 (2017)e25
Language family	Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic? Kir–Abbaian? Nilotic Eastern Nilotic Bari; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Kakwa; Kuku; Mandari;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	bfa
Glottolog	bari1283 Barian; bari1284 Bari

Short description: Nilotic language spoken in South Sudan and Uganda

Bari is the Nilotic language of the Karo people, spoken over large areas of Central Equatoria state in South Sudan, across the northwest corner of Uganda, and into the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Bari is spoken by several distinct tribes: the Bari people themselves, the Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mundari, and Kuku. Each has its own dialect. The language is therefore sometimes called Karo or Kutuk ('mother tongue') rather than Bari.

Bari is a tone language. It has vowel harmony, subject–verb–object word order, and agglutinative verbal morphology with some suppletion. A very competent dictionary and grammar were published in the 1930s, but are very difficult to find today. More recently, a dissertation has been published on Bari tonal phonology, and another dissertation on Bari syntax is available.

Dialects

Dialects are:

Bari proper (Beri)
Pöjulu (Pajulu, Fadjulu, Fajelu, Madi)
Kakwa (Kakua, Kwakwak) [radio broadcasts in Uganda]
Nyangbara (Nyangwara, Nyambara)
Mandari (Mondari, Mundari, Chir, Kir, Shir)
Kuku
Nyepu (Nyefu, Nyepo, Nypho, Ngyepu)
Ligo (Liggo)

Phonology

Bari has a cross-height^{[clarification needed]} vowel-harmony system.^[3]

Orthography

The Bari alphabet is used by the Bari and Kuku in South Sudan. There are four digraphs, ʼB, ʼD, ʼY and Ny, and the letter eng, Ŋ.

Bari alphabet
Uppercase	A	B	ʼB	D	ʼD	E	G	J	I	Y	ʼY	K	L	M	N	Ŋ	Ny	O	Ö	P	R	S	T	U	W
Lowercase	a	b	ʼb	d	ʼd	e	g	j	i	y	ʼy	k	l	m	n	ŋ	ny	o	ö	p	r	s	t	u	w

Bari special characters
Uppercase	Ŋ	Ö
Lowercase	ŋ	ö
Alternatives	ng	o
Uppercase Unicode (hexadecimal)	014A	00D6
Lowercase Unicode (hexadecimal)	014B	00F6
Unicode Character Code Chart	Latin Extended A	Latin-1

References

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Barian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bari1283.
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Bari". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bari1284.
↑ SIL Bibliography: Yokwe and Hall 1981

General References

Bari Language, Sudan Primer: Sillabari Ko Kutuk Na Bari. The Catholic Press Institute. Juba, Sudan.
Owen, R.C.R. Bari grammar and vocabulary. 1908. OCLC: 25040516
Spagnolo, Lorenzo M. Bari grammar. 1933. Verona, Missioni Africane.. OCLC: 34898784
Yokwe, Eluzai. The tonal grammar of Bari. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1987.

External links

Kitap Kwakwaset The Book of Common Prayer in Bari (1953)
https://web.archive.org/web/20090215100524/http://www.openroad.net.au/languages/african/

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bari language. Read more

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Barian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bari1283.

[Glottolog2-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Bari". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bari1284.

[3] SIL Bibliography: Yokwe and Hall 1981

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