Bengali–Assamese languages
Topic: Social
From HandWiki - Reading time: 13 min
Short description: Sub group of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent
| Bengali-Assamese | |
|---|---|
| Gauda–Kamarupa | |
| Geographic distribution | Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
Early form | |
| Glottolog | gaud1237 (Gauda–Kamrupa)[2] |
The Bengali-Assamese languages (also Gauda–Kamarupa languages) is a grouping of several languages in the eastern Indian subcontinent. This group belongs to the Eastern zone of Indo-Aryan languages. The languages in this group, according to Glottolog, include Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Hajong, Kewat, Kharia Thar, Kurmukar, Lodhi, Mal Paharia, Noakhali, Rajbanshi, Rangpuri, Rohingya, Sylheti, Tangchangya and Surjapuri.
Languages
| Language | Native name | Script | Alphabet | Number of speakers (in millions) | Native region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assamese | অসমীয়া Ôxômīyā |
Bengali–Assamese script | Assamese alphabet | 15.3[3] |  India (Assam)
|
| Bengali | বাংলা Bāṅglā |
Bengali–Assamese script | Bengali alphabet | 261.8[4] |  Bangladesh (national and official) India (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Tripura, parts of Assam, Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
|
| Bishnupriya Manipuri | বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মৈতৈ বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মায়াং ইমার ঠার Biṣṇupriyā Maṇipurī Biṣṇupriyā Me'itei Biṣṇupriyā Māẏāṅg Imār Ṭhār |
Bengali–Assamese script | Bengali alphabet[5] | 0.12 (total)[6][7][8][9][10][11] | India (Assam, Manipur and Tripura) Bangladesh (Sylhet Division)
|
| Chakma | 𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟 𑄌𑄇𑄴𑄟 চাকমা চাঙমা Sākmā Sāṅgmā |
Chakma script Bengali–Assamese script Latin script[12] |
Chakma alphabet Bengali alphabet |
0.32[13] | Bangladesh (Chittagong Division) India (Mizoram and Tripura) Myanmar (Rakhine State)
|
| Chittagonian | চাটগাঁইয়া চিটাইঙ্গা Saṭgãia Siṭaiṅga |
Bengali–Assamese script Arabic script Latin script[14] |
Bengali alphabet | 13[15] | Bangladesh (Chittagong Division) Myanmar (Rakhine State) India (Tripura)[16]
|
| Hajong | হাজং Hāzoṅg |
Bengali–Assamese script Latin script |
Assamese alphabet[17][18] Bengali alphabet[19] |
0.06[19] | India (Assam and Meghalaya) Bangladesh (Mymensingh Division)
|
| Kamtapuri/ Rangpuri/ Rajbanshi |
কামতাপুৰী কামতা অংপুরী অমপুরী ৰাজবংশী राजबंशी ताजपुरीया Kāmtāpurī Kāmtā Ôṅgpurī Ômpurī Rājbaṅśī Tājpurīyā |
Bengali–Assamese script, Devanagari[20] | Bengali alphabet,[21] Assamese alphabet[22] |
10.8[21] | Bangladesh (Rangpur Division) India (West Bengal and Assam) Nepal (Koshi Province)
|
| Noakhali | [নোয়াখাইল্লা] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language code: oak (help) [নোয়াখাইল্যা] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language code: oak (help) Nōẇākhāillā |
Bengali–Assamese script Latin script |
Bengali alphabet | 7[23] | Bangladesh (Greater Noakhali) India (Tripura)
|
| Rohingya | رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ 𐴌𐴗𐴥𐴝𐴙𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 Ruáingga |
Arabic script Hanifi script Latin script[24] |
Arabic alphabet Hanifi alphabet Latin alphabet |
2.52[25] | Myanmar (Rakhine State) Bangladesh (Chittagong Division)
|
| Surjapuri | सुरजापुरी সুরজাপুরী Surjāpurī |
Devanagari Bengali–Assamese script |
Bengali alphabet | 2.26[26] | India (Bihar, West Bengal)
|
| Sylheti | ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ সিলেটি Silôṭi |
Bengali–Assamese script Sylheti Nagari script |
Sylheti alphabet[27] | 11.8[27] | Bangladesh (Sylhet Division) India (Assam, Meghalaya, North Tripura)
|
| Tanchangya | 𑄖𑄧𑄐𑄴𑄌𑄧𑄁𑄉𑄴𑄡 তঞ্চংগ্যা Tôñchôṅgyā |
Bengali script Chakma script[12] |
Chakma alphabet Bengali alphabet |
0.02[28] | Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts)
|
Language comparison chart
Template:Urs * = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
| English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamatapuri | Noakhali | Rohingya | Sylheti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| beautiful | dhunia, xundor/xundar | śundor* | dol | dishar, šundor | hundor* | cúndor*, hásin* | šundor*, kubsurot*, mayasurot | ||
| big | daṅor/daṅar, bor | boṛo, ḍagor, ḍaṅor | đôñr | boro, daṅar | boḍḍa | boro, ákbor*, kobira* | boṛo | ||
| blood | tez | rôkto*, khun*, lohu | lo | lou, rôktô | lou, khun*, rokto* | lou, hún*, kún* | lou, roxto*, kun* | ||
| bread | ruti (flat), pau*ruti, luf*, bred* | pão*ruṭi, ruṭi (flat) | fõruţi | fiçá, luthi | ruṭi (flat), luf* | ||||
| brother | bhai (younger), kokai/kaka (elder), dada (elder)* | bhai, dada, bhaiya | bái, bôdda | bhai | bái | bái | bái, báia | ||
| cat | mekuri/meukri/mekur, birali/biroli, biral | biṛal, bilai/bilei | bilai/bilei, miúr | bilai | bilai | mekur, bilai | |||
| dark | andhar, endhar | ãdhar, andhar, ondhokar* | ãdár | ãdar | añdár, miyonda | andáir | |||
| daughter | zi, mai, aapi, zhia, ziori | maiya/meye, konna*, jhi | zee, maifuā | beti | maiya | futúni, zíi | zi, fuṛi | ||
| day | din, bêla | din, bêla*, roz*, dibôš* | din | din | din, hokalbêla*, beinna | din | din, ruz* | ||
| dog | kukur | kukur, kutta | kuĩr, kutto | kutta | kuñr | atu, kutta | |||
| door | duar*, dorza*, dar | dôroja/dôrja*, duar* | duōr, kebar | duar* | duar* | xeir, dorza*, duar* | |||
| earth | bhũi, p(r)ithiwi/p(r)ithibi* | duniya*, prithibi*, dhora*, jahan* | duniye, fitibi | duniya*, fitibi* | duniyai* | duniai*, dunia*, zahan* | |||
| egg | koni, dima/dim | ḍim, anḍa, boida* | boda* | đim,anḍa | ḍima | bôyza* | andha, dhim | enḍa, ḍim, boida* | |
| elephant | hati/hathi | hati | áti | hati | áti | áñti, háñtih | átt | ||
| eye | soku, sokhu | choukh/chokh, ãkhi, noyon*, chokkhu* | sóg | sok, sokku | suk | soku, uki, souk | |||
| father | deuta*, bap, büpai/bapa, pitai/pite/piti*, aba/abba/abu/abbu* | bap, abba*, baba, abbu, pita*, waled* | baf, ba, abba | baf, abba* | abbá* | baf, bazi | |||
| fear | bhoy, dor | bhôy*, ḍor | đôr | ḍor | ḍor | ḍor | |||
| finger | aṅuli/aṅli | aṅgul, onguli* | ôuñl | ouñl | aṅgul | aṅguil | |||
| fire | zui, aguni* | aguin/agun, ogni*, nar*, atosh*, anol*, pabok*, dahon* | ôin* | zui | ooin* | aguin*, nar*, atosh* | |||
| fish | mas | machh | mas | mas | mas | mas, mai* | |||
| food | khüabostu*, khauni, ahar*, khayddo*, khana* | khabar, khaon, khana*, khani*, khaddo*, ahar* | hána | hána, háñna | hána, khána | xani | xani | ||
| god | bhogowan*, is(s)or*, deu, probhu*, khuda* | khoda*, isshôr*, bhôgôban*, srishtikorta*, mabud* | khúda*,rôb, ūôr ôla | khúda*, rôb, moula* | ila*, rob*, ixor* | mobud*, mola*, rob*, xoda*, bhogòban* | |||
| good | bhal | bhalo/bhala | bála, gôm | bhala | bhal | bala | gom | bála | |
| grass | ghah, kher (hay) | ghash, khôṛ (hay) | kér | ghaṣ | kérr | ga, gaš | |||
| hand | hat | hat | át | hat | át | árt | át | ||
| hand fan | bisoni/biseni/bisni | hat-pakha, biuni, bijoni | bisôin, bisein | hanka | bisoin, fanka | ||||
| head | mur, matha, math | matha, shir*, kolla* | mata, hôlla | matá | sir*, xolla*, mata | ||||
| heart (emotion) | hia, ontor*, koliza/koilza, hidoy* | (h)ridôy*, ôntôr*, hiya, dil*, kolob*, kolija/koilja | dil*, hôilze, ridôy, ôntôr | dil*, ôntôr* | dil* | dil*, hia | |||
| heart (organ) | hia, dil, amothu | (h)ritpindô*,dil*, kolija/koilja | dil* | gurda | |||||
| horse | ghü̃ra/ghora | ghoṛa | gúṛa | gúñra, gúra | gúṛa | ||||
| house | ghor | ghôr, baṛi, basha, khana* | gór | gór, bari | gor, bari | gór, bari, xan* | |||
| hunger | bhük/bhokh | khudha*, khida*, khide*, bhuk | búk | buk | búk | buk, feto(r) buk | |||
| language | bhaxa*, mat (call), kotha*, raw | bhasha*, buli, jôban/zôban* | hodá* | basha, zúban, buli | raw, bhaṣa* | basha, buli | zoban*, hodá* | mat, bul, rau, zoban*, basha* | |
| laughter | hãhi | hashi | aši | haṣi | aši | ||||
| life | zion/ziwon, ziu (soul), hayat* | jibôn*, jindegi*, hayat* | zibon,zindegi*,hayat* | zibon | zindagi*, zibon | zindegi*, zibon*, hayat* | |||
| moon | zün, sand | chãd/chand, chôndro*, bôdôr*, shôshi* | sãn | san | sanni | san | san(d), sondoni | ||
| mother | ma, ai, mai, mao, ammi/amma* | ma, amma*, ammu, waleda*, mata*, ai | ma | maö, ai | ma, amma* | mai, ai, maizi | |||
| mouth | mukh*, mu- | mukh*, mu(h) | mukh* | muk* | muk* | ||||
| name | nam, naü | nam | nam | nam | nam | nam | |||
| night | rati, nixa* | rat/rait, ratri*, shob* | rait | rati | rait | rait | rait, rati, nii, shob*, lailot* | ||
| no | nohoy, nai, ühü, na | na, nai/nae/nei, noy, non | nô, nôy | nô | nô, nôy | na, nai, nay | |||
| peace | xanti*, xokah | shanti*, aman*, salamôt* | šanti* | ṣanti* | niraii, shanti*, salamôt* | ||||
| place | thai, zega/zaga*, than | jayga/jaga/jega*, ṭhai, sthan* | ṭai, zāga* | zega*, tan | |||||
| queen | rani, madoi, patmadoi | rani, shahbanu* | rani | rani | rani | rani | rani, razbibi, sha(h)banu* | ||
| rest | zironi, aram* | aram*, bisram*, jirano*, jiron* | dom*,zirôn,aram gôrôn | zirani, aram* | |||||
| river | noi, gaṅ, nodi* | nôdi*, doriya*, ɡaṅg | dôijja*,dôirge | hál | ɡaṅg, nodi* | ||||
| road | bat, ali, rasta*, poth* | rasta*, shoṛok, pôth* | sorok, hot* | sorox, rah*, rasta*, ail, fot* | |||||
| salt | nimokh*, lün/nun | lôbôn*, nun, nomok* | lôbôn*, lun/nun | noon, lobon* | nimox*, nun, lobon* | ||||
| sister | bhoni/boini/boni (younger), ba/bai (elder) | apa*, apu/api, boin/bon, didi | bóin,afa/bôbbu/dî/afu (elder) | bóin | bóin, buai | ||||
| small | xoru, süto | chhoṭo, pati | guro | huru, suto | huru, nii, kuṭimuti, gura, titkina, geda, suṭu | ||||
| son | put, pü, aapa | chhele, putro*, put, po, bêṭa | (morod) fuā, fut | beṭa | hola, hut | fut | fut, fua | ||
| soul | ziu, atma/atta* | atta*, pran*, pôran*, ruh*, jiu | foran*, rû* | atta* | ru*, atma*, zaan* | ||||
| sun | beli | shurjo*, shuruj* | beil, šuroz* | beil | suruz*, shurzo* | ||||
| ten | doh, dos* | dosh | doš | doṣ | dosh | dosh, do | |||
| three | tini | tin | tín | tin | tin | tin | |||
| village | gaü̃ | gram*, gã, gão | geram | geram | gau | ||||
| waist | kõkal/kakal | komor*, maja | keĩl | keñil | xomor*, xaxal | ||||
| water | pani | pani, jôl* | fani | pani | pani, zol* | hani | faní | fani, ab*, tam | |
| when | ketia/kitia/kita, kethan/kethen, kesen, ketiyake | kôkhôn, kobe, kon shômôy*, kon bêla | hótte | könbela | kunbela | kunbala(n->m), kunomoy | |||
| wind | botah/batah | batash*, hawa*, ba/bao, bayu*, bat*, anil* | ába*, bataš* | batash*, haowa* | boyar, batash*, hawa* | ||||
| wolf | kukurnesia bagh, xial (jackal, fox) | nekṛe-bagh, sheyal/shiyal (jackal, fox) | neṛi kutta | atubag, hial (jackal, fox) | |||||
| woman | maiki manuh, tiri*, tirüta, mohila* | mohila*, nari*, beṭi manush, chheri | maiye fua,maifuā (soft) | beṭi saöa | beṭi, moíla* | ||||
| year | bosor, son* | bochhor, shal*, borsho*, botshor* | bosor | bosor | bosor, shal* | fira, bosor, son*, shal* | |||
| yes | hoy, o, ü̃, mm | hê/hễ, ji*, agge, hã | ô, ôy | ô, hô | ô, ôy | óe, i, zi* óe | |||
| yesterday | kali, züa-kali/zawa-kali | (goto*-)kal(-ke), (gelo-)kal(-ke),kal(-ke) | goto* hail, goto* halia | (gese-)xail(-ku), xail(-ku) | |||||
| English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamatapuri | Noakhali | Rohingya | Sylheti |
* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
Verbs
| English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Hajong | Noakhali |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ask | xudh-, xudhpus kor- (investigate) | zika-, fus-, zar- | jiggaśa kor-, puchh-, puch kor-, jiggesh kor-, jiga- | pũsar ɡor- | fus-, jiga- | ||||
| bite | kamür-, kamür mar- | xamṛa-, xamor maeth[4r]bh=['r45t6h[=]uj[kp=r- | kamoṛ mar-, kamṛa- | hõr- | |||||
| blow | phu de-, phuk-, phu kor- | fu de-, hu de- | phu deua- | ||||||
| breathe | uxah lo- | dom lo- | šãš ne-, šãš lo-, dôm ne-, dôm lo- | šãš ne-, dôm ne- | |||||
| bring | an- | an- | an- | an- | an- | ||||
| can | par- | far- | par- | har- | |||||
| catch | dhor- | dór- | dhôr- | dór- | |||||
| come | ah- | a- | aś- | a- | a- | ah- | ai- | ||
| count | gon-, hisap kor-, gonti kor- | gon-, isab xor- | gon-, hišab kôr- | ||||||
| cry | kand-, kan- | xand-, xan- | kãd- | hãd- | hãnna-, kand-, sikrait- | ||||
| cut | kat- | xaṭ- | kaṭ- | ||||||
| do | kor- | xor- | kôr- | gor- | ɡor- | hor-, kor- | |||
| die | mor-, dhuka- | mor- | môr- | mor- | mor- | ||||
| dig | khand- | kur-, kus- | khõṛ-, khõc- | ||||||
| drink | kha-, pi kha-, pi- | xa-, fia xa-, fi- | kha-, pan kor-, pi- | ha- | |||||
| eat | kha- | xa- | kha- | há- | ha- | ||||
| fall | por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | ||||||
| fear | bhoy kha-, dora- | ḍora- | bhoy pa-, ḍora- | dora- | |||||
| fight | zũz-, maramari/moramori kor- | mair xor-, xaijja xor- | maramari kor-, jhogṛa kôr- | ||||||
| float | üpoṅ-, bhah- | bai-, bo- | bhaš- | ||||||
| flow | bo- | bo- | bo- | bo- | |||||
| fly | ur- | uṛ- | uṛ- | ur- | ur- | ur- | |||
| give | de-, di- | de-, di- | de- | de- | |||||
| go | za-, ɡo-/ge- | za-, ɡo-, ɡe- | ja-, ɡe- | za-, zo- | za-, zo- | za- | |||
| happen | ho- | ó- | ho- | ó- | ó- | ||||
| hear | xun- | hun- | śun- | un- | hun-, hon- | ||||
| hit | mar-, pit-, kila- | mar-, fiț-, kila- | mar-, kela- | mar- | |||||
| kill | mar-, mari pela- | mar-, mari de- | mar-, mere fel-, mariya fal- | mariya de- | |||||
| know | zan- | zan- | jan- | zan- | |||||
| laugh | hãh- | aś- | haś- | aś- | |||||
| learn | xik-, xikh- | hik- | śekh-, śikh- | hik- | |||||
| lie (in bed) | baɡor-, kati ho-, bisonat/bisnat por- | xait o-, hut- | shuye por- | hut- | |||||
| live | thak-, zi(ai) thak-, tik-, basi thak- | tax-, zia-, basi tax- | thak-, jibito thak-, jinda thak-, bece thak-, bãchiya thak- | thah- | thak- | ||||
| look | sa- | sa- | dekh-, ca-, taka- | sa- | sa-, deha-, taka- | ||||
| open | khul- | kúa- | khol-, khul- | uid-, khúl- | |||||
| play | khel- | xél- | khel- | ||||||
| pull | tan- | ṭan- | ṭan- | tan- | |||||
| push | thel- | ṭel-, dekka- | ṭhel- | thel-, dakka- | |||||
| read | porh/poh/por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | foṛ- | hor- | ||||
| run | dour-, daur- | douṛ- | douṛa-, choṭ-, chuṭ- | dũr- | dour- | ||||
| say | ko-, mat-, bul- | xo-, mat- | bol-, ko- | ho- | ho- | ho- | |||
| scratch | ãsür- | xawza-, xamsa- | ãcoṛ de-, ãcṛa-, khamca- | ||||||
| see | dekh- | dex- | dekh- | sa- | sa- | ||||
| sew | xi-, sila-, bo- (weave) | sia- | śela-, śila | ||||||
| sing | ɡa-, gan ga- | ɡa- | ɡa-, gan ga- | ga- | |||||
| sit | boh- | bo- | boś- | bo- | bo-, boy- | ||||
| sleep | xu-, ɡhuma-, tüponi za/mar- | hut-, ɡúma- | ɡhuma-, śo-, śu- | ɡhum za- | hute za-, gúma- | ||||
| smell | xuṅ- | huṅ(ɡ)- | śũk-, śõk- | ũ- | shũk- | ||||
| spit | thu pela-, pik-, pik pela- | sef fal-, fik fal- (betel nut/leaf) | thu phel-, thu phal- | seb hela-, thu hela- | |||||
| split | phal- | atra- | bhag kor-, bhang- | do bhag kor-, bhang- | |||||
| squeeze | sep-, hẽs- | sif- | cap-, pesh-, cip- | sap- | |||||
| stand | thio ho-, thia- | uba- | dãṛa-, khaṛa- | thio- | tía- | dãṛa-, khaṛa- | |||
| stab | khũs-, han- | kus-, gauua- | |||||||
| suck | suh-, sup-, xüh- | sua- | chosh-, chush- | ||||||
| swell | ful-, fit- | phuler | |||||||
| swim | xatũr- | hatra- | śatar kor-, shatra- | ||||||
| think | bhab-, sinta kor-, sint- | bab-, sinta xor-, mone kôr- | bhab-, cinta kôr-, mone kôr- | bab-, sinta hor- | |||||
| throw | dolia- | ița-, iṭa mar- | chõṛ-, ḍhêla mar-, dol- | sūre mar- | |||||
| tie | bandh- | ban(d)- | bãdh- | bãn(d)- | |||||
| vomit | bomi kor- | bait xor- | bomi kor- | bomi hor- | |||||
| walk | khüz karh-, bul- | aṭ- | hãṭ- | ãd- | at- | ||||
| want | lag-, bisar- | maɡ-, sa- | ca- | sa- | sa- | ||||
| wash | dhu- | dó- | dho- | dú- | dú- | ||||
| wipe | mos-, müs- | fus-, mus- | moch-, much-, poch-, puch- | mus- | |||||
| English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Hajong | Noakhali |
See also
- Bangladeshi Manipuri language
- Assamese Manipuri language
References
- ↑ Toulmin, Mathew W S (2006). Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan (PhD). The Australian National University. p. 305.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Gauda–Kamrupa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/gaud1237.
- ↑ "Assamese". Ethnologue (Free All). Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ASM.
- ↑ "Bengali". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ben.
- ↑ Kim, Amy; Kim, Seung. Bishnupriya (Manipuri) speakers in Bangladesh: a sociolinguistic survey. SIL INTERNATIONAL. p. 11. https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/74/05/96/74059695388257055076108658933060858639/silesr2008_003.pdf. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ↑ "Abstract of Speakers' Strength of Languages and Mother Tongues - 2011". https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf.
- ↑ "C-16: Population by mother tongue - Assam". https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/22859/download/25990/PC01_C16_18.xls.
- ↑ "C-16: Population by mother tongue - Tripura". https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/22857/download/25988/PC01_C16_16.xls.
- ↑ "C-16: Population by mother tongue - Manipur". https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/22855/download/25986/PC01_C16_14.xls.
- ↑ "Census of India - Language tools". http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/partb.htm.
- ↑ "Bishnupuriya" (in en). https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bpy.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Chakma". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ccp.
- ↑ "Chakma". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ccp.
- ↑ "Chittagonian". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ctg.
- ↑ "Chittagonian". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ctg.
- ↑ "Chittagonian Language". https://languages.linguistscollective.info/chittagonian-language/.
- ↑ (Hajong Phillips)
- ↑ "Hajong". https://omniglot.com/writing/hajong.htm.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Hajong". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/haj.
- ↑ Minahan, James B. (2012). "Rajbongshis". Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 267. ISBN 978-1-59884-659-1. "Generally, the Rajbongshi language is known as Rangpuri in Bangladesh and Kamta or Rajbangshi in India. The language is usually written in Bengali script in Bangladesh, while the Kamtapura script is favored in India. In Nepal, the language uses Devanagari script which is also sometimes used by the Indian Rajbongshis.".
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Rangpuri". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rkt.
- ↑ "As a ritual of purgation they are discarding the Bengali /r/ with a dot and the same is replaced with the original /r/ with a diagonal slash, as used in Assamese script despite the fact that the Rajbanshis in Bengal have been conditioned to use the Bengali /r/ owing to the long processes of forceful imposition of Bengali language upon them." (Pradhani 2012:52)
- ↑ "Noakhailla (নোয়াখাইল্লা)". Omniglot. https://www.omniglot.com/writing/noakhailla.htm.
- ↑ "Rohingya". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rhg.
- ↑ "Rohingya". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rhg.
- ↑ "Surjapuri". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sjp.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Sylheti". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/syl.
- ↑ "Tangchangya". Ethnologue. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tnv.
Bibliography
- Hajong, Abonis; Phillips, D; Phillips, V (2008), Hajong–English Phrase Book, SIL International, https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/17/94/43/17944307071856830681259992851645036622/Hajong_Phrasebook.pdf
- Pradhani, Jyotirmoy (2012). "Resonance of Identity in Rajbanshi Poetry". The NEHU Journal X (1). http://dspace.nehu.ac.in/bitstream/1/7719/1/Resonance%20of%20Identity.pdf.
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