From HandWiki - Reading time: 12 min
| Bengali-Assamese | |
|---|---|
| Gauda–Kamarupa | |
| Geographic distribution | Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
Early form | |
| Glottolog | gaud1237 (Gauda–Kamrupa)[2] |
The Bengali-Assamese languages (also Gauda–Kamarupa languages) is a grouping of several languages in the eastern Indian subcontinent. This group belongs to the Eastern zone of Indo-Aryan languages. The languages in this group, according to Glottolog, include Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Hajong, Kewat, Kharia Thar, Kurmukar, Lodhi, Mal Paharia, Noakhali, Rajbanshi, Rangpuri, Rohingya, Sylheti, Tangchangya and Surjapuri.
| Language | Native name | Script | Alphabet | Number of speakers (in millions) | Native region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assamese | অসমীয়া Oxomiya |
Bengali–Assamese script | Assamese alphabet | 15.3[3] | |
| Bengali | বাংলা Bangla |
Bengali–Assamese script | Bengali alphabet | 261.8[4] | |
| Bishnupriya Manipuri | বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bișnupriya Monipuri |
Bengali–Assamese script | Bengali alphabet[5] | ||
| Chakma | 𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟 চাকমা Sangma |
Bengali–Assamese script Chakma script Latin script[6] |
0.32[7] | ||
| Chittagonian | চাটগাঁইয়া সিটাইঙগা siʈaiŋga |
Bengali–Assamese script Arabic script Latin script[8] |
Chittagonian Alphabet | 13[9] | |
| Hajong | হাজং Hazong |
Bengali–Assamese script Latin script |
Assamese alphabet[10][11] Bengali alphabet[12] |
0.06[12] | |
| Rangpuri/ Kamtapuri/ Rajbongshi |
রংপুরী কামতাপুৰী ৰাজবংশী राजबंशी Rongpuri Kamatapuri Rajbanshi |
Bengali–Assamese script, Devanagari[13] | Bengali alphabet,[14] Assamese alphabet[15] |
10.8[14] | |
| Noakhali | نواکھلی
নোয়াখাইল্লা |
Bengali–Assamese script | Bengali alphabet | 12 | |
| Rohingya | رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ 𐴌𐴗𐴥𐴝𐴙𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 Ruáingga |
Arabic script Hanifi script Latin script[16] |
2.52[17] | ||
| Surjapuri | सुरजापुरी সুরজাপুরী Surjapuri |
Devanagari Bengali–Assamese script |
Bengali alphabet | 2.26[18] |
|
| Sylheti | ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ছিলটি Siloŧi |
Bengali–Assamese script Sylheti Nagari script |
Sylheti alphabet[19] | 11.8[19] | |
| Tanchangya | 𑄖𑄧𑄐𑄴𑄌𑄧𑄁𑄉𑄴𑄡 তঞ্চংগ্যা Toncongya |
Chakma script[6] | 0.02[20] |
Template:Urs * = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
| English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamatapuri | Noakhali | Rohingya | Sylheti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| beautiful | dhunia, xundor/xundar | śundor* | dol | dishar, šundor | hundor* | cúndor*, hásin* | šundor*, kubsurot*, mayasurot | ||
| big | daṅor/daṅar, bor | boṛo, ḍagor, ḍaṅor | đôñr | boro, daṅar | boḍḍa | boro, ákbor*, kobira* | boṛo | ||
| blood | tez | rôkto*, khun*, lohu | lo | lou, rôktô | lou, khun*, rokto* | lou, hún*, kún* | lou, roxto*, kun* | ||
| bread | ruti (flat), pau*ruti, luf*, bred* | pão*ruṭi, ruṭi (flat) | fõruţi | fiçá, luthi | ruṭi (flat), luf* | ||||
| brother | bhai (younger), kokai/kaka (elder), dada (elder)* | bhai, dada, bhaiya | bái, bôdda | bhai | bái | bái | bái, báia | ||
| cat | mekuri/meukri/mekur, birali/biroli, biral | biṛal, bilai/bilei | bilai/bilei, miúr | bilai | bilai | mekur, bilai | |||
| dark | andhar, endhar | ãdhar, andhar, ondhokar* | ãdár | ãdar | añdár, miyonda | andáir | |||
| daughter | zi, mai, aapi, zhia, ziori | maiya/meye, konna*, jhi | zee, maifuā | beti | maiya | futúni, zíi | zi, fuṛi | ||
| day | din, bêla | din, bêla*, roz*, dibôš* | din | din | din, hokalbêla*, beinna | din | din, ruz* | ||
| dog | kukur | kukur, kutta | kuĩr, kutto | kutta | kuñr | atu, kutta | |||
| door | duar*, dorza*, dar | dôroja/dôrja*, duar* | duōr, kebar | duar* | duar* | xeir, dorza*, duar* | |||
| earth | bhũi, p(r)ithiwi/p(r)ithibi* | duniya*, prithibi*, dhora*, jahan* | duniye, fitibi | duniya*, fitibi* | duniyai* | duniai*, dunia*, zahan* | |||
| egg | koni, dima/dim | ḍim, anḍa, boida* | boda* | đim,anḍa | ḍima | bôyza* | andha, dhim | enḍa, ḍim, boida* | |
| elephant | hati/hathi | hati | áti | hati | áti | áñti, háñtih | átt | ||
| eye | soku, sokhu | choukh/chokh, ãkhi, noyon*, chokkhu* | sóg | sok, sokku | suk | soku, uki, souk | |||
| father | deuta*, bap, büpai/bapa, pitai/pite/piti*, aba/abba/abu/abbu* | bap, abba*, baba, abbu, pita*, waled* | baf, ba, abba | baf, abba* | abbá* | baf, bazi | |||
| fear | bhoy, dor | bhôy*, ḍor | đôr | ḍor | ḍor | ḍor | |||
| finger | aṅuli/aṅli | aṅgul, onguli* | ôuñl | ouñl | aṅgul | aṅguil | |||
| fire | zui, aguni* | aguin/agun, ogni*, nar*, atosh*, anol*, pabok*, dahon* | ôin* | zui | ooin* | aguin*, nar*, atosh* | |||
| fish | mas | machh | mas | mas | mas | mas, mai* | |||
| food | khüabostu*, khauni, ahar*, khayddo*, khana* | khabar, khaon, khana*, khani*, khaddo*, ahar* | hána | hána, háñna | hána, khána | xani | xani | ||
| god | bhogowan*, is(s)or*, deu, probhu*, khuda* | khoda*, isshôr*, bhôgôban*, srishtikorta*, mabud* | khúda*,rôb, ūôr ôla | khúda*, rôb, moula* | ila*, rob*, ixor* | mobud*, mola*, rob*, xoda*, bhogòban* | |||
| good | bhal | bhalo/bhala | bála, gôm | bhala | bhal | bala | gom | bála | |
| grass | ghah, kher (hay) | ghash, khôṛ (hay) | kér | ghaṣ | kérr | ga, gaš | |||
| hand | hat | hat | át | hat | át | árt | át | ||
| hand fan | bisoni/biseni/bisni | hat-pakha, biuni, bijoni | bisôin, bisein | hanka | bisoin, fanka | ||||
| head | mur, matha, math | matha, shir*, kolla* | mata, hôlla | matá | sir*, xolla*, mata | ||||
| heart (emotion) | hia, ontor*, koliza/koilza, hidoy* | (h)ridôy*, ôntôr*, hiya, dil*, kolob*, kolija/koilja | dil*, hôilze, ridôy, ôntôr | dil*, ôntôr* | dil* | dil*, hia | |||
| heart (organ) | hia, dil, amothu | (h)ritpindô*,dil*, kolija/koilja | dil* | gurda | |||||
| horse | ghü̃ra/ghora | ghoṛa | gúṛa | gúñra, gúra | gúṛa | ||||
| house | ghor | ghôr, baṛi, basha, khana* | gór | gór, bari | gor, bari | gór, bari, xan* | |||
| hunger | bhük/bhokh | khudha*, khida*, khide*, bhuk | búk | buk | búk | buk, feto(r) buk | |||
| language | bhaxa*, mat (call), kotha*, raw | bhasha*, buli, jôban/zôban* | hodá* | basha, zúban, buli | raw, bhaṣa* | basha, buli | zoban*, hodá* | mat, bul, rau, zoban*, basha* | |
| laughter | hãhi | hashi | aši | haṣi | aši | ||||
| life | zion/ziwon, ziu (soul), hayat* | jibôn*, jindegi*, hayat* | zibon,zindegi*,hayat* | zibon | zindagi*, zibon | zindegi*, zibon*, hayat* | |||
| moon | zün, sand | chãd/chand, chôndro*, bôdôr*, shôshi* | sãn | san | sanni | san | san(d), sondoni | ||
| mother | ma, ai, mai, mao, ammi/amma* | ma, amma*, ammu, waleda*, mata*, ai | ma | maö, ai | ma, amma* | mai, ai, maizi | |||
| mouth | mukh*, mu- | mukh*, mu(h) | mukh* | muk* | muk* | ||||
| name | nam, naü | nam | nam | nam | nam | nam | |||
| night | rati, nixa* | rat/rait, ratri*, shob* | rait | rati | rait | rait | rait, rati, nii, shob*, lailot* | ||
| no | nohoy, nai, ühü, na | na, nai/nae/nei, noy, non | nô, nôy | nô | nô, nôy | na, nai, nay | |||
| peace | xanti*, xokah | shanti*, aman*, salamôt* | šanti* | ṣanti* | niraii, shanti*, salamôt* | ||||
| place | thai, zega/zaga*, than | jayga/jaga/jega*, ṭhai, sthan* | ṭai, zāga* | zega*, tan | |||||
| queen | rani, madoi, patmadoi | rani, shahbanu* | rani | rani | rani | rani | rani, razbibi, sha(h)banu* | ||
| rest | zironi, aram* | aram*, bisram*, jirano*, jiron* | dom*,zirôn,aram gôrôn | zirani, aram* | |||||
| river | noi, gaṅ, nodi* | nôdi*, doriya*, ɡaṅg | dôijja*,dôirge | hál | ɡaṅg, nodi* | ||||
| road | bat, ali, rasta*, poth* | rasta*, shoṛok, pôth* | sorok, hot* | sorox, rah*, rasta*, ail, fot* | |||||
| salt | nimokh*, lün/nun | lôbôn*, nun, nomok* | lôbôn*, lun/nun | noon, lobon* | nimox*, nun, lobon* | ||||
| sister | bhoni/boini/boni (younger), ba/bai (elder) | apa*, apu/api, boin/bon, didi | bóin,afa/bôbbu/dî/afu (elder) | bóin | bóin, buai | ||||
| small | xoru, süto | chhoṭo, pati | guro | huru, suto | huru, nii, kuṭimuti, gura, titkina, geda, suṭu | ||||
| son | put, pü, aapa | chhele, putro*, put, po, bêṭa | (morod) fuā, fut | beṭa | hola, hut | fut | fut, fua | ||
| soul | ziu, atma/atta* | atta*, pran*, pôran*, ruh*, jiu | foran*, rû* | atta* | ru*, atma*, zaan* | ||||
| sun | beli | shurjo*, shuruj* | beil, šuroz* | beil | suruz*, shurzo* | ||||
| ten | doh, dos* | dosh | doš | doṣ | dosh | dosh, do | |||
| three | tini | tin | tín | tin | tin | tin | |||
| village | gaü̃ | gram*, gã, gão | geram | geram | gau | ||||
| waist | kõkal/kakal | komor*, maja | keĩl | keñil | xomor*, xaxal | ||||
| water | pani | pani, jôl* | fani | pani | pani, zol* | hani | faní | fani, ab*, tam | |
| when | ketia/kitia/kita, kethan/kethen, kesen, ketiyake | kôkhôn, kobe, kon shômôy*, kon bêla | hótte | könbela | kunbela | kunbala(n->m), kunomoy | |||
| wind | botah/batah | batash*, hawa*, ba/bao, bayu*, bat*, anil* | ába*, bataš* | batash*, haowa* | boyar, batash*, hawa* | ||||
| wolf | kukurnesia bagh, xial (jackal, fox) | nekṛe-bagh, sheyal/shiyal (jackal, fox) | neṛi kutta | atubag, hial (jackal, fox) | |||||
| woman | maiki manuh, tiri*, tirüta, mohila* | mohila*, nari*, beṭi manush, chheri | maiye fua,maifuā (soft) | beṭi saöa | beṭi, moíla* | ||||
| year | bosor, son* | bochhor, shal*, borsho*, botshor* | bosor | bosor | bosor, shal* | fira, bosor, son*, shal* | |||
| yes | hoy, o, ü̃, mm | hê/hễ, ji*, agge, hã | ô, ôy | ô, hô | ô, ôy | óe, i, zi* óe | |||
| yesterday | kali, züa-kali/zawa-kali | (goto*-)kal(-ke), (gelo-)kal(-ke),kal(-ke) | goto* hail, goto* halia | (gese-)xail(-ku), xail(-ku) | |||||
| English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamatapuri | Noakhali | Rohingya | Sylheti |
* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
| English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Hajong | Noakhali |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ask | xudh-, xudhpus kor- (investigate) | zika-, fus-, zar- | jiggaśa kor-, puchh-, puch kor-, jiggesh kor-, jiga- | pũsar ɡor- | fus-, jiga- | ||||
| bite | kamür-, kamür mar- | xamṛa-, xamor maeth[4r]bh=['r45t6h[=]uj[kp=r- | kamoṛ mar-, kamṛa- | hõr- | |||||
| blow | phu de-, phuk-, phu kor- | fu de-, hu de- | phu deua- | ||||||
| breathe | uxah lo- | dom lo- | šãš ne-, šãš lo-, dôm ne-, dôm lo- | šãš na-, dôm ne- | |||||
| bring | an- | an- | an- | an- | an- | ||||
| can | par- | far- | par- | har- | |||||
| catch | dhor- | dór- | dhôr- | dór- | |||||
| come | ah- | a- | aś- | a- | a- | ah- | ai- | ||
| count | gon-, hisap kor-, gonti kor- | gon-, isab xor- | gon-, hišab kôr- | ||||||
| cry | kand-, kan- | xand-, xan- | kãd- | hãd- | hãnna-, kand-, sikrait- | ||||
| cut | kat- | xaṭ- | kaṭ- | ||||||
| do | kor- | xor- | kôr- | gor- | ɡor- | hor-, kor- | |||
| die | mor-, dhuka- | mor- | môr- | mor- | mor- | ||||
| dig | khand- | kur-, kus- | khõṛ-, khõc- | ||||||
| drink | kha-, pi kha-, pi- | xa-, fia xa-, fi- | kha-, pan kor-, pi- | ha- | |||||
| eat | kha- | xa- | kha- | há- | ha- | ||||
| fall | por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | ||||||
| fear | bhoy kha-, dora- | ḍora- | bhoy pa-, ḍora- | dora- | |||||
| fight | zũz-, maramari/moramori kor- | mair xor-, xaijja xor- | maramari kor-, jhogṛa kôr- | ||||||
| float | üpoṅ-, bhah- | bai-, bo- | bhaš- | ||||||
| flow | bo- | bo- | bo- | bo- | |||||
| fly | ur- | uṛ- | uṛ- | ur- | ur- | ur- | |||
| give | de-, di- | de-, di- | de- | de- | |||||
| go | za-, ɡo-/ge- | za-, ɡo-, ɡe- | ja-, ɡe- | za-, zo- | za-, zo- | za- | |||
| happen | ho- | ó- | ho- | ó- | ó- | ||||
| hear | xun- | hun- | śun- | un- | hun-, hon- | ||||
| hit | mar-, pit-, kila- | mar-, fiț-, kila- | mar-, kela- | mar- | |||||
| kill | mar-, mari pela- | mar-, mari de- | mar-, mere fel-, mariya fal- | mariya de- | |||||
| know | zan- | zan- | jan- | zan- | |||||
| laugh | hãh- | aś- | haś- | aś- | |||||
| learn | xik-, xikh- | hik- | śekh-, śikh- | hik- | |||||
| lie (in bed) | baɡor-, kati ho-, bisonat/bisnat por- | xait o-, hut- | shuye por- | hut- | |||||
| live | thak-, zi(ai) thak-, tik-, basi thak- | tax-, zia-, basi tax- | thak-, jibito thak-, jinda thak-, bece thak-, bãchiya thak- | thah- | thak- | ||||
| look | sa- | sa- | dekh-, ca-, taka- | sa- | sa-, deha-, taka- | ||||
| open | khul- | kúa- | khol-, khul- | uid-, khúl- | |||||
| play | khel- | xél- | khel- | ||||||
| pull | tan- | ṭan- | ṭan- | tan- | |||||
| push | thel- | ṭel-, dekka- | ṭhel- | thel-, dakka- | |||||
| read | porh/poh/por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | foṛ- | hor- | ||||
| run | dour-, daur- | douṛ- | douṛa-, choṭ-, chuṭ- | dũr- | dour- | ||||
| say | ko-, mat-, bul- | xo-, mat- | bol-, ko- | ho- | ho- | ho- | |||
| scratch | ãsür- | xawza-, xamsa- | ãcoṛ de-, ãcṛa-, khamca- | ||||||
| see | dekh- | dex- | dekh- | sa- | sa- | ||||
| sew | xi-, sila-, bo- (weave) | sia- | śela-, śila | ||||||
| sing | ɡa-, gan ga- | ɡa- | ɡa-, gan ga- | ga- | |||||
| sit | boh- | bo- | boś- | bo- | bo-, boy- | ||||
| sleep | xu-, ɡhuma-, tüponi za/mar- | hut-, ɡúma- | ɡhuma-, śo-, śu- | ɡhum za- | hute za-, gúma- | ||||
| smell | xuṅ- | huṅ(ɡ)- | śũk-, śõk- | ũ- | shũk- | ||||
| spit | thu pela-, pik-, pik pela- | sef fal-, fik fal- (betel nut/leaf) | thu phel-, thu phal- | seb hela-, thu hela- | |||||
| split | phal- | atra- | bhag kor-, bhang- | do bhag kor-, bhang- | |||||
| squeeze | sep-, hẽs- | sif- | cap-, pesh-, cip- | sap- | |||||
| stand | thio ho-, thia- | uba- | dãṛa-, khaṛa- | thio- | tía- | dãṛa-, khaṛa- | |||
| stab | khũs-, han- | kus-, gauua- | |||||||
| suck | suh-, sup-, xüh- | sua- | chosh-, chush- | ||||||
| swell | ful-, fit- | phuler | |||||||
| swim | xatũr- | hatra- | śatar kor-, shatra- | ||||||
| think | bhab-, sinta kor-, sint- | bab-, sinta xor-, mone kôr- | bhab-, cinta kôr-, mone kôr- | bab-, sinta hor- | |||||
| throw | dolia- | ița-, iṭa mar- | chõṛ-, ḍhêla mar-, dol- | sūre mar- | |||||
| tie | bandh- | ban(d)- | bãdh- | bãn(d)- | |||||
| vomit | bomi kor- | bait xor- | bomi kor- | bomi hor- | |||||
| walk | khüz karh-, bul- | aṭ- | hãṭ- | ãd- | at- | ||||
| want | lag-, bisar- | maɡ-, sa- | ca- | sa- | sa- | ||||
| wash | dhu- | dó- | dho- | dú- | dú- | ||||
| wipe | mos-, müs- | fus-, mus- | moch-, much-, poch-, puch- | mus- | |||||
| English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Hajong | Noakhali |