Bourgeois pseudoscience
Topic: Social
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Bourgeois pseudoscience (Russian: буржуазная лженаука) was a term of condemnation in the Soviet Union for certain scientific disciplines that were deemed unacceptable from an ideological point of view[1][2] theory of relativity, sociology[3] and particular directions in comparative linguistics (the now-debunked Japhetic theory of Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr, which was also refuted by Stalin in "Marxism and Problems of Linguistics").
The term was not used by Stalin himself, who rejected the notion that all sciences must have a class nature. Stalin removed all mention of “bourgeois biology” from Trofim Lysenko’s report, The State of Biology in the Soviet Union, and in the margin next to the statement that “any science is based on class” Stalin wrote, “Ha-ha-ha!! And what about mathematics? Or Darwinism?”[4] The term or its synonyms was used in the 1951 and 1954 editions of the Short Philosophical Dictionary: "Cybernetic is a reactionary pseudoscience originated in the United States... A form of modern mechanicism.",[5] "Eugenics is a bourgeois pseudoscience",[6] "Weismannism-Morganism - bourgeois pseudoscience, designed to justify capitalism".[7] Today, most scholars agree in characterizing eugenics as rooted in pseudoscience,[8][9] albeit without the "bourgeois" qualifier.
Psychology was declared a "bourgeois pseudoscience" in the People's Republic of China during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976).[10] Furthermore, sociology was banned there in 1952,[11] and it remained banned until the late 1970s.[12][13]
See also
- Repression of science in the Soviet Union
- Cybernetics in the Soviet Union
- Censorship in the Soviet Union
- Soviet historiography
- Politicization of science
Notes
References
- ↑ Loren R. Graham (2004) Science in Russia and the Soviet Union. A Short History. Series: Cambridge Studies in the History of Science. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-28789-0.
- ↑ Mark Walker (2002) Science and Ideology. A Comparative History. Series: Routledge Studies in the History of Science, Technology and Medicine. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-27122-6.
- ↑ Nedelmann, Birgitta, ed (1 August 1993). ""2.1 The Stalinist Social Order: Sociology as Bourgeois Pseudoscience" by Tomás Kolosi & Ivan Szelényi". Sociology in Europe: In Search of Identity (Reprint 2011 ed.). De Gruyter. ISBN 311013845X.
- ↑ Liu, Yongsheng; Li, Baoyin; Wang, Qinglian (September 2009). "Science and politics". EMBO Reports 10 (9): 938–939. doi:10.1038/embor.2009.198. PMID 19721459.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedkitov - ↑ "Евгеника". https://filslov.ru/130-evgenika.html.
- ↑ "Вейсманизм - морганизм". https://filslov.ru/63-vejsmanizm-morganizm.html.
- ↑ Worrall, Simon (24 July 2016). "The Gene: Science's Most Dangerous Idea". National Geographic. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/07/gene-history-siddhartha-mukherjee-science-eugenics/.
- ↑ White, Susan (28 June 2017). "LibGuides: The Sociology of Science and Technology: Pseudoscience". Library of University of Princeton. http://libguides.princeton.edu/c.php?g=84711&p=4441670.
- ↑ Wang, Zhong-Ming (January 1993). "Psychology in China: A Review Dedicated to Li Chen". Annual Review of Psychology 44 (1): 87–116. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.000511.
- ↑ Feuchtwang, Stephan; Bruckermann, Charlotte (13 July 2016). Anthropology Of China, The: China As Ethnographic And Theoretical Critique. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-78326-985-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=A5VIDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA22.
- ↑ Magazine, Contexts. "Sociology in China - Contexts" (in en). https://contexts.org/articles/sociology-in-china/.
- ↑ Li, Cheng (1 October 2010). China's Emerging Middle Class: Beyond Economic Transformation. Brookings Institution Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8157-0433-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=t06DB0lUAZUC&pg=PA62.
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