Table of Contents Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

Kuchean language

Topic: Social

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 4 min
Short description: Extinct Indo-European languages in Asia
Kuchean
Tocharian B
Kuśiññe
Kizil standing Buddha. Tocharian inscription "This Buddha was painted by the hand of Sanketava".jpg
Tocharian inscription "This Buddha was painted by the hand of Sanketava"
Native toKucha
RegionTarim Basin
EthnicityTocharians
Extinct9th century AD
Early form
Proto-Tocharian
Language codes
ISO 639-3txb
xtb Tocharian B
Glottologtokh1243[1]
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Kuchean (also known as Tocharian B or West Tocharian) was a Western member of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European languages, extinct from the ninth century. Once spoken in the Tarim Basin in Central Asia, Tocharian B shows an internal chronological development; three linguistic stages have been detected.[2] The oldest stage is attested only in Kucha. There is also the middle ('classicalʼ), and the late stage.[3]

Nomenclature

Acorrding to Peyrot, the self-designation for the language was kuśi 'Kuča'.[4] In scholarly works, it is known as West Tocharian or Kuchean.[5]

Overview

According to scholar Michael Peyrot, Tocharian B is dated between the 5th and 10th centuries AD, and was spread from Kuča to Yānqi and Turfan.[6] Paul Widmer, following Tamai's and Adams's studies, situates Tocharian B roughly between 400 CE to 1200 CE, its oldest layer dating from ca. 400 to 600 CE, around "Kucha and environs".[7]

Documentation

According to J. H. W. Penney, Tocharian B is reported to be documented as Buddhist religious literature, and as secular material "pertaining to everyday life".[8]

References

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Tokharian B". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tokh1243. 
  2. ↑ Peyrot 2008, p. [page needed].
  3. ↑ Peyrot, Michaël (2015). "Tocharian Language". Encyclopædia Iranica. https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tocharian-language. 
  4. ↑ Peyrot, Michaël. “Tocharian”. In: The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective. Edited by Thomas Olander. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. p. 83. doi:10.1017/9781108758666.006.
  5. ↑ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004). Indo-European Language and Culture. Blackwell Publishing. p. 351. ISBN 1-4051-0316-7. 
  6. ↑ Peyrot, Michaël. “Tocharian”. In: The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective. Edited by Thomas Olander. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. p. 83. doi:10.1017/9781108758666.006.
  7. ↑ Widmer, Paul (2017). "79. The dialectology of Tocharian". Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics. pp. 1392–1393. doi:10.1515/9783110523874-034. ISBN 978-3-11-052387-4. https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/140805/1/Widmer2017.pdf. 
  8. ↑ Penney, J. H. W. (2017). "74. The documentation of Tocharian". Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics. p. 1299. doi:10.1515/9783110523874-029. ISBN 978-3-11-052387-4. 

Bibliography

Studies
Tocharian literature
  • Lundysheva, Olga and Maue, Dieter. "An Old Uyghur text fragment related to the Tocharian B “History of Kuchean kings”". In: Religion and State in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference (PIAC), Friedensau, Germany, August 18–23, 2019. Edited by Oliver Corff, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2022, pp. 111-124. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110730562-010
  • Peyrot, Michaël; Wilkens, Jens (September 2014). "Two Tocharian B fragments parallel to the Hariścandra-Avadāna of the Old Uyghur Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 67 (3): 319–335. doi:10.1556/aorient.67.2014.3.6. 
  • Wilkens, Jens; Pinault, Georges-Jean; Peyrot, Michaël (March 2014). "A tocharian B parallel to the legend of kalmāṣapāda and sutasoma of the old uyghur daśakarmapathāvadānamālā". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 67 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1556/aorient.67.2014.1.1. 

Further reading

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (July 1983). "Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary II: Words Pertaining to the Lower Limbs in Tocharian B". Journal of the American Oriental Society 103 (3): 611–613. doi:10.2307/602042. 
  • Adams, Douglas Q. (October 1983). "Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary III: Three Tocharian B Terms for Parts of the Upper Body". Journal of the American Oriental Society 103 (4): 759–760. doi:10.2307/602235. 
  • Adams, Douglas Q. (April 1986). "Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary IV: A Quartet of Words from a Tocharian B Magic Text". Journal of the American Oriental Society 106 (2): 339–341. doi:10.2307/601599. 
  • Arndt, Walter W.; Brosman Jr., Paul W.; Coenen, Frederic E. et al., eds (1967). "On the Interrelationship of the Tocharian Dialects". Studies in Historical Linguistics in Honor of George Sherman Lane: Festschrift for George S. Lane. 58. The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 105–134. doi:10.1353/book.75772. ISBN 978-1-4696-5703-5. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/39808/1/9781469657035_WEB.pdf. 
  • Chao-Jung; 慶昭蓉; Enami Kazuyuki; 江南和幸; Okada Yoshihiro; 岡田至弘 (2020). "Paper in Eighth-Century Kucha: Discovery of Cotton Fibres within Chinese and Kuchean Documents". Central Asiatic Journal 63 (1–2): 71. doi:10.13173/centasiaj.63.1-2.0071. 
  • Chen; 陳瑞翾 (2018). "Vignettes of Buddhist Asceticism: Jottings on Six Fragments in Tocharian B". Central Asiatic Journal 61 (2): 217. doi:10.13173/centasiaj.61.2.0217. 
  • Hilmarsson, Jörundur (1988). "West Tocharian lyauto 'hole, opening' and related words". Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics 101 (1): 166–169. 
  • Kim, Ronald I. (2009). "Another Look at Tocharian B ṣarya". Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics 122: 111–117. doi:10.13109/hisp.2009.122.1.111. 
  • Malzahn, Melanie (2012). "Now you see it, now you don't – Bewegliches -o in Tocharisch B". Multilingualism and History of Knowledge, Vol. 2: Linguistic Developments Along the Silkroad: Archaism and Innovation in Tocharian. 12. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. pp. 33–82. doi:10.2307/j.ctt3fgk5q.5. ISBN 978-3-7001-7304-5. 
  • Ogihara, Hirotoshi (2018). "Two Fragments of Tocharian B laissez-passers Kept in the Berlin Collection". Great Journeys across the Pamir Mountains. pp. 33–45. doi:10.1163/9789004362253_004. ISBN 978-90-04-36222-2. 
  • Pinault, Georges-Jean. "Surveying the Tocharian B Lexicon". In: Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, vol. 114, no. 2, 2019, pp. 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1515/olzg-2019-0030
  • Stumpf, Peter (1976). "Westtocharisch se-seṃ: zwei Paradigmen oder nur eines?". Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung 90 (1/2): 114–127. 
  • Winter, Werner (October 1955). "A Linguistic Classification of 'Tocharian' B Texts". Journal of the American Oriental Society 75 (4): 216–225. doi:10.2307/595385. 
  • Winter, Werner (August 1961). "Lexical Interchange between 'Tocharian' A and B". Journal of the American Oriental Society 81 (3): 271–280. doi:10.2307/595658. 
  • Woolner, A. C. (1925). "Sanskrit Names of Drugs in Kuchean". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 57 (4): 623–638. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00168807. 

External links



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Social:Kuchean_language&oldid=3301168"
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Social:Kuchean_language
9 views | Status: cached on November 06 2024 11:14:35
↧ Download this article as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF