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Some sites where classic Neanderthal fossils were found.
Some sites where Pre-Neanderthal or Protoneanderthal fossils were found.
Western Europe north of the Alps and Pyrenees
Swanscombe Heritage Park (England)
Ehringsdorf (Germany)
Engis (Belgium)
Scladina (Belgium)
Veldwezelt-Hezerwater (Belgium)
Bontnewydd, Llanelwy (Wales)
Bau de l'Aubesier (France)
Combe Grenal (France)
Eguisheim (France)[ 1]
La Chaise (France)
Naulette (Belgium)
Neander Valley (Germany)
Northsea shore, (Netherlands)
Salzgitter-Lebenstedt (Germany)
Spy-sur-l'Orneau (Belgium)
La Cotte de St Brelade (Jersey)
Grotte du Renne at Arcy-sur-Cure (France)
Biache-Saint-Vaast (France)
Châtelperron (France)
La Chapelle-aux-Saints (France)
La Ferrassie (France)
La Quina (France)
Le Moustier (France)
Les Rochers-de-Villeneuve (France)
Moula-Guercy (France)
Le Regourdou (France)
Saint-Césaire (France)
Creswell Crags (England)
Lynford Quarry (England)
Iberian Peninsula
Furninha cave (Portugal)
Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Leiria, Portugal)
L'Arbreda (Spain)
Atapuerca Mountains (Spain) ,
Axlor (Spain)
Banyoles (Catalonia, Spain)
Carihuela (Andalucia, Spain)
Cova Foradà (Valencian Community, Spain) [ 2]
Cova Negra (Valencian Community, Spain) [ 3]
Cueva de Bolomor (Valencian Community, Spain) [ 4]
Cueva Negra (Region of Murcia, Spain)
Figueira Brava (Arrabida Mountains, Portugal)
Gibraltar
Roca dels Bous (archaeological site)
Sidrón Cave (Asturias, Spain)
Sima de las Palomas (Region of Murcia, Spain)
Zafarraya (Granada, Spain)
Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Spain)[ 5]
Apennine Peninsula
Ceprano (Italy)
Monte Circeo (Italy)
Saccopastore (Italy)
Altamura (Italy)
Guattari Cave (Italy)
Balkan Peninsula
Krapina (Croatia)
Vindija Cave (Croatia)
Central and Eastern Europe
Divje Babe (Slovenia)
Gánovce (Slovakia)
Jaskinia Ciemna (Poland)
Kiik-Koba (Ukraine)
Kůlna (Czech Republic)
Mezmaiskaya Cave (Russia)
Molodova I (Ukraine [ 6]
Ochoz (Slovakia)
Peștera cu Oase (Romania)
Peștera Muierilor (Romania)
Šaľa (Slovakia)
Šipka (Czech Republic)
Staroselje (Ukraine)
Sukhaya Mechetka (Russia)
Southwest Asia
Nahal Amud (Israel)
Bisitun Cave (Iran)
Dederiyeh (Syria) [ 7] [ 8]
Karain (Turkey)
Kebara (Israel)
Ksar Akil (Lebanon)
Shanidar (Iraq)
Tabun (Israel)
Central Asia
Teshik-Tash (Uzbekistan)
Aman-Kutan (Uzbekistan)
Obi-Rakhmat Grotto (Uzbekistan)[ 9]
Siberia
Chagyrskaya Cave
Okladnikov Cave
References
↑ Goodrum, Matthew R. (2014). "Crafting a New Science: Defining Paleoanthropology and Its Relationship to Prehistoric Archaeology, 1860–1890" . Isis 105 (4): 706-33. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/679420 .
↑ Lozano, Marina; Subirà, Maria Eulàlia; Aparicio, José; Lorenzo, Carlos; Gómez-Merino, Gala (2013). "Toothpicking and Periodontal Disease in a Neanderthal Specimen from Cova Foradà Site (Valencia, Spain)" . PLoS ONE 8 (10): e76852. doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0076852 . PMID 24146934 . Bibcode : 2013PLoSO...876852L .
↑ Arsuaga, J.L; Villaverde, V; Quam, R; Martínez, I; Carretero, J.M; Lorenzo, C; Gracia, A (2007). "New Neandertal remains from Cova Negra (Valencia, Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution 52 (1): 31–58. doi :10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.011 . PMID 16979220 .
↑ Arsuaga, Juan Luis; Fernández Peris, Josep; Gracia-Téllez, Ana; Quam, Rolf; Carretero, José Miguel; Barciela González, Virginia; Blasco, Ruth; Cuartero, Felipe et al . (2012). "Fossil human remains from Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution 62 (5): 629–39. doi :10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.02.002 . PMID 22440746 .
↑ Daura, J; Sanz, M; Subirá, M.E; Quam, R; Fullola, J.M; Arsuaga, J.L (2005). "A Neandertal mandible from the Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona, Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution 49 (1): 56–70. doi :10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.03.004 . PMID 15896823 .
↑ About.com Archaeology, Moldova I (Ukraine)
↑ Akazawa, Takeru; Muhesen, Sultan; Dodo, Yukio; Kondo, Osamu; Mizoguchi, Yuji; Abe, Yoshito; Nishiaki, Yoshihiro; Ohta, Shoji et al . (1995). "Neanderthal infant burial from the Dederiyeh Cave in Syria" . Paléorient 21 (2): 77–86. doi :10.3406/paleo.1995.4619 . http://www.persee.fr/doc/paleo_0153-9345_1995_num_21_2_4619 .
↑ Schepartz, Lynne (2015). "Akazawa Takeru & Muhesen Sultan (ed.). Neanderthal burials: excavations of the Dederiyeh Cave, Afrin, Syria. xxvii+394 pages, 163 figures, 66 plates, 115 tables. 2003. Auckland: KW; 4-9901694-3-3 hardback". Antiquity 78 (301): 728–9. doi :10.1017/S0003598X00113407 .
↑ Glantz, Michelle; Viola, Bence; Wrinn, Patrick; Chikisheva, Tatiana; Derevianko, Anatoly; Krivoshapkin, Andrei; Islamov, Uktur; Suleimanov, Rustam et al . (2008). "New hominin remains from Uzbekistan". Journal of Human Evolution 55 (2): 223–37. doi :10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.12.007 . PMID 18499228 .