List of most-wanted Nazi war criminals

Beginning in 2001, Efraim Zuroff of the Simon Wiesenthal Center produced an Annual Status Report on the Worldwide Investigation and Prosecution of Nazi war criminals which, since at least 2005, includes a list of "most-wanted" criminals that had never been convicted. The list was last updated in 2015.

Nazi war criminals facing possible prosecution

The following Nazi war criminals were facing possible prosecution as of 2016, according to the Simon Wiesenthal Center.^[1] Current country of residence is listed first, with country where crime was committed enclosed in brackets.

Still alive

1. Helma Kissner (pl) (born 23 December 1923 (age 100))^[2][3] – Germany (Poland) – served as a radio operator in the Auschwitz death camp from April to July 1944 – charged with accessory to murder in 260,000 cases.^[4] Ruled unfit to stand trial on 9 September 2016 by a court in Kiel.^[5]
2. Helmut Oberlander (born 15 February 1924 (age 100)) – Canada (Ukraine) – served in Einsatzkommando 10A (part of Einsatzgruppe D), which murdered an estimated 23,000 mostly Jewish civilians. In July 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada refused to hear an appeal of a lower court decision that ordered the Canadian government to reconsider its decision to revoke Oberlander's Canadian citizenship. This means that to deport him so that he can be tried for war crimes, the government first has to prove that Oberlander was a willing participant in Nazi death squad activities.^[6] In July 2017 the Government of Canada used an Order in Council to strip Oberlander of his Canadian citizenship for the fourth time.^[7][8] This step was declared lawful by the Federal Court in September 2018.^[9]
3. Hubert Zafke (pl) (born 1920/1921 (age 102–103))^[10]– Germany (Poland) – served as a medic in the Auschwitz death camp during the years 1943 and 1944. Zafke was arrested in 2014 and was charged and found guilty of the mass murder of 3,681 people.^[4] Zafke's trial began in February 2016 but in September 2017 the case against Zafke was dropped as he is in the advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease and was declared unfit to stand trial.^[11][12]
4. Alfred Stork (soldier) (it) (born 1922/1923 (age 101–102))^[13]– Germany (Greece) – Last known news: former corporal convicted in absentia in 2013 by Rome Military Court for participated in the September 1943 mass murder of 120 Italian officers on the Greek island of Cephalonia.^[14]
5. Helmut Rasbol (pl) (born Helmuth Leif Rasmussen; 1924/1925 (age 99–100))^[13]– Denmark (Belarus) – (Last known location: Copenhagen, Denmark)^[13] during the years 1942–1943 served as a guard in the Judenlager established by the Nazis in Bobruisk, Belarus, during which almost all the Jewish inmates of the camp were executed or died of the horrible physical conditions. In November 2016, the Danish chief prosecutor announced that Rasmussen would not face charges because of lack of evidence.^[15] Now living under the surname Rasboel.^[13]
6. Aksel Andersen (soldier) (pl) (born (1924-06-18) June 18, 1924 (age 100)) – Denmark (Belarus) – Last known location: Sweden – during the years 1942–1943, he served as a guard in the Judenlager established by the Nazis in Bobruisk, Belarus, during which almost all the Jewish inmates of the camp were executed or died of the horrible physical conditions.^[16][17]
7. Johann Robert Riss (pl) (born 1922/1923 (age 101–102))^[13]– Germany (Italy) – Last known news: on May 25, 2011, the former sergeant found guilty in absentia for the murder of 184 civilians in the Padule di Fucecchio massacre in Italy on August 23, 1944. He was sentenced to life in prison. Germany has declined to extradite Riss.^[13][18]
8. Algimantas Dailidė (age 103) – Germany (Lithuania) – served in the Saugumas (Lithuanian Security Police) in Vilnius – arrested Jews and Poles who were subsequently executed by the Nazis and Lithuanian collaborators. He was deported from U.S. to Germany in 2004. Sentenced to five years imprisonment by a court in Vilnius but in 2008 the Lithuanian high court ruled that he was in too poor health to be punished.^[13]
9. Jakiw "Jakob" Palij (pl) (born 1923/1924 (age 100–101) in P'yadyky (uk), Soviet Ukraine) – Germany (Poland/Ukraine) – served as a guard in the Trawniki concentration camp. He was deported from Queens area of New York City in August 2018 to Germany, even though he has been stateless since 2003.^[19]

The 2015 Annual Nazi war criminals report lists ten men:^[20]

1. Gerhard Sommer (age 103; Last known location: Germany) Declared "unfit for trial" by a court in May 2015 due to severe dementia.^[21]
2. Alfred Stork (mentioned earlier)
3. Johann Robert Riss (pl) (mentioned earlier)
4. X – Helmut Rasbol (pl) (mentioned earlier)
5. Y – unnamed person (Last known location: Germany) wanted for being accessory to the murder of Hungarian Jews in Auschwitz
6. Z – unnamed person (Last known location: Norway) wanted for murder of Jews in various locations in Poland and Ukraine
7. Algimantas Dailidė (mentioned earlier)
8. Helmut Oberlander (mentioned earlier)

Deceased

2016 list

1. Reinhold Hanning (28 December 1921 – 30 May 2017) – Germany (Poland) – served in the Auschwitz death camp from January 1943 until June 1944 – charged with accessory to murder in 170,000 cases.^[4] Hanning was convicted and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment on June 17, 2016.^[22] Never served his sentence as he died on 30 May 2017, aged 95, while awaiting appeal.^[23]

2015 list

1. Vladimir Katriuk (1 October 1921 – 22 May 2015. Last known location: Canada) Reported to have died in May 2015, aged 93.^[24]
2. Oskar Groening (10 June 1921 – 9 March 2018. Last known location: Germany). Trial in Hannover, Germany, July 2015. Found guilty of being accessory to murder of 300,000 people and sentenced to four years imprisonment.^[25]

Named on previous lists

• Hans (Antanus) Lipschis (Arrested in Germany, 2013,^[26] found unfit for trial due to dementia. Died in Aalen in 2016, aged 96.^[27])
• Theodor Szehinskyj (age 99–100. Last known location: United States), died in US 2014.
• Søren Kam – listed until 2014, died March 23, 2015
• Ivan (John) Kalymon – listed until 2014, found in United States, lost US citizenship, died in 2014 while awaiting extradition to Germany^[28][29]
• Aribert Heim – listed until 2013, death uncovered a year earlier^[28]
• Alois Brunner – listed until 2013, presumed dead.^[28] In 2014, it was reported that he had died in Syria in 2010.^[30]
• Mikhail Gorshkow – fled to Estonia and stripped of his U.S. citizenship; listed until death in 2013.^[28] Cleared of charges in 2011 due to inconclusive evidence.^[31]
• László Csatáry – listed until 2013,^[28] died 10 August 2013
• Charles Zentai – listed until 2012,^[32] the Australian High Court ruled that Zentai could not be sent for trial to Hungary, alleging that the category of "War Crimes" did not exist at that time in Hungarian law, died 13 December 2017
• Klaas Carel Faber – listed until 2012,^[32] died in the process of extradition from Germany to Netherlands on 24 May 2012, aged 90.^[33]
• Sándor Képíró – listed until 2011,^[34] tried and found not guilty that year; died 3 September 2011.
• Adam Nagorny – listed until 2011,^[34] died 2011.^[35]
• Milivoj Ašner – listed until 2011,^[34] died 14 June 2011.
• Samuel Kunz (de) – listed until 2010,^[36] died 18 November 2010.^[37]
• Adolf Storms – listed until 2010,^[36] died 28 June 2010 while awaiting trial.
• Peter Egner – listed until 2010,^[36] died January 2011 while awaiting trial.^[38]
• Ivan Demjanjuk – listed until 2009,^[39] deported to Germany for trial in 2009, and was convicted in 2011 pending appeal, died 17 March 2012. He died before his appeal could be tried by the German Appellate Court, and as a result, his previous conviction was not upheld. A few days after his death, the German court clarified that, according to German law, Demjanjuk was "presumed innocent", that he did not have a criminal record, and that his previous interim conviction was invalidated.^[40]
• Heinrich Boere – listed until 2009,^[39] convicted 2010 and sentenced to life in prison. Died December 1, 2013.
• Harry Männil – listed until 2009,^[39] cleared of charges in 2005 after four-year investigation,^[41] died 11 January 2010.
• Erna Wallisch – listed until 2007,^[42] died 21 February 2008 while under investigation.
• Lajos Polgár – listed until 2006,^[43] died 12 July 2006.^[44]
• Ladislav Nižňanský (de) – listed until 2005,^[45] tried in 2005 and acquitted by German court due to lack of reliable evidence.^[46] Died 23 December 2011.^[47]
• Jack Reimer – listed until 2005,^[45] extradition granted but died before he could be deported.^[48]
• Nada Šakić – listed until 2004. Died 2008.^[49]
• Rosemarie Albrecht (de) – listed until 2004,^[49] died 7 January 2008.
• Petras Bernatavicius – listed until 2004,^[49] found to have died in 1992.

References

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