List of political ideologies

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Economic systems
By ideology Anarchist Capitalist Corporate Dirigist Laissez-faire Mercantilist Neo-mercantilist Protectionist Social market State capitalist Democratic Fascist Feminist Georgist Green Religious Christian Islamic Socialist Market socialist Mutualist Participatory Socialist market Socialist oriented market Syndicalist Social credit Traditionalist Communalist Corporatist Distributist Feudalism
By coordination Closed (autarky) Decentralized Digital Dual Gift Informal Market Mixed Natural Open Planned Robinson Crusoe Subsistence Underground Vertical archipelago Virtual
By regional model Asian East Asian Chinese Singaporean European Anglo-Saxon German Nordic Rhenish Soviet Latin America Socialism of the 21st century
Sectors Common ownership Private Public Voluntary
Property types Collective ownership Commons Private property State ownership Social ownership
Transition Collectivization Communization Corporatization Demutualization Deregulation Expropriation Financialization Liberalization Marketization Municipalization Mutualization Nationalization Privatization Socialization
Coordination Barter Market Free Open Regulated Planning In kind Cybernetics Indicative Material balancing Price Self-managed Peer-to-peer Sharing Open access
Other types Commons-based peer production Expeditionary Hunter-gatherer Inclusive Democracy Information Manorialism Newly industrialized Palace Plantation Plutonomy Post-capitalist Post-industrial Post-scarcity Resource-based Token Traditional Transition World
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In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system. The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies, which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. For example, while the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism.^[1]

Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".^[2] While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to the names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically, and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.

Political internationals

• Anarkismo (platformism and specifism)
• Informal Anarchist Federation (insurrectionary anarchism)
• International of Anarchist Federations (synthesis anarchism)
• International Confederation of Labor (anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism)
• International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)

• Anti-anarchism
• Authoritarianism

• Australia
• New Zealand

• Anti-fascism
• Anti-monarchism
• Decolonization

• Theocracy

• Kibbutz
• Obshchina
• Singapore
• Zadruga

Political internationals

• Anti-communism
  • McCarthyism
  • Pinochetism
• Anti-Marxism
• Anti-socialism

• Christian communism
  • Bruderhofs
  • Diggers
  • Hutterites
  • Shakers
• Islamic communism
• Jewish communism

• Australia
• New Zealand

Political internationals

• International Democrat Union (conservatism)
• International Monarchist League (monarchism)

• Christian corporatism
  • Distributism

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Democracy
History Theory
Types
Anticipatory Athenian Authoritarian Cellular Consensus Cosmopolitan Defensive Deliberative Direct Economic Electronic Empowered Ethnic Grassroots Guided Inclusive Industrial Interactive Jacksonian Jeffersonian Liberal / Illiberal Hybrid regime Liquid Majoritarian democracy Media Monitory Multiparty National New Non-partisan Participatory People's Pluralist Popular Procedural Radical Representative Religious Buddhist Christian Islamic Jewish Mormon Sectarian Semi Semi-direct Social Socialist Sociocracy Sovereign Soviet Substantive Totalitarian Workplace
Related topics
Anarchism Kleroterion Democratic capitalism Democratic centralism Democratic confederalism Democratic republic Democratic socialism Democratization Democracy and economic growth Democracy in Marxism Democracy promotion Liberalism Libertarianism Majoritarianism Motion Ochlocracy Peaceful transition of power People's democratic dictatorship Polyarchy Populism Sortition Tyranny of the majority Voting Wars between democracies Waves of democracy
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Pirate politics
Ideology	Anti-corruption Civil libertarianism Civil rights Direct democracy E-democracy Participatory democracy Social liberalism

Political internationals

• Anti-democratism

Political internationals

• Centrist Democrat International (Christian democracy)
• Christian Democrat Organization of America (Christian democracy)

• Distributism
  • Social credit movement
• Gremialismo
• Popularism

• Christian democracy
• Islamic democracy
• Jewish democracy
• Theodemocracy

• Egypt
• Morocco

• Australia

Political internationals

• Friends of the Earth (environmentalism)
• Global Greens (green politics)
• World Ecological Parties (bright green environmentalism)

• Anti-environmentalism
• Wise use movement

• South Africa

• United States

• Switzerland

• Australia
• New Zealand

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Fascism
Core tenets Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Dictatorship Anti-communism Direct action Social interventionism Social order Indoctrination Proletarian nation Propaganda Heroism Racism Economic interventionism Statolatry New Man Reactionary modernism
Topics Definitions Economics Fascism and ideology Fascism worldwide Symbolism
Ideas Totalitarianism Authoritarian democracy Class collaboration Corporatism Eugenics Authoritarian capitalism Heroic capitalism Integral nationalism National capitalism National syndicalism State capitalism Supercapitalism Third Position
People Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Francisco Franco José Antonio Primo de Rivera Ante Pavelić Italo Balbo Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Horia Sima Giovanni Gentile Julius Evola Aleksandr Dugin Gabriele D'Annunzio Giuseppe Bottai Galeazzo Ciano Achille Starace Seigō Nakano Sadao Araki Shūmei Ōkawa Ikki Kita Oswald Mosley Léon Degrelle Eoin O'Duffy Tefik Mborja Ferenc Szálasi Davud Monshizadeh Vidkun Quisling Engelbert Dollfuss Dimitrije Ljotić Plínio Salgado Konstantin Rodzaevsky Abba Achimeir Adrien Arcand Milan Stojadinović Jozef Tiso Vinayak Damodar Savarkar William Dudley Pelley Jorge González von Marées Maximiliano Hernández Martínez Zoltán Böszörmény Maurice Bardèche
Literature "The Doctrine of Fascism" "Fascist Manifesto" La Conquista del Estado Mein Kampf My Autobiography The Myth of the Twentieth Century The Last Will of a Russian Fascist
Organizations Axis powers 1934 Montreux Fascist conference
History March on Rome Beer Hall Putsch Aventine Secession Pacification of Libya Mukden Incident German election of 1932 Enabling Act Austrian Civil War Second Italo-Ethiopian War Spanish Civil War Marco Polo Bridge Incident Anti-Comintern Pact Italian invasion of Albania World War II The Holocaust Downfall in Italy Downfall in Germany Downfall in Japan
Lists Fascists by country
Variants Austrofascism Brazilian Integralism British Fascism Christofascism Clerical fascism Crypto-fascism Ecofascism Falangism Francoism Fascist mysticism Feudal fascism French fascism Hindu fascism Hutu Power Islamofascism Italian Fascism Japanese fascism Legionarism Metaxism National Bolshevism Nazism Neo-fascism Para-fascism Proto-fascism Red fascism Revisionist Maximalism Rexism Strasserism Shōwa Restoration Tropical fascism
Related topics Alt-right Anti-fascism Culture of fear Fascist (epithet) Glossary of Fascist Italy Left-wing fascism Palingenetic ultranationalism Supremacism
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Template:Neo-fascism

Political internationals

• World Union of National Socialists (Nazism)

• Rwanda
• South Africa
  • Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
  • Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging
• Togo
• Zaire

• Australia
• New Zealand
  • Neo-Nazism

Political internationals

• International Council of Women (feminism)
• Minority Rights Group International (minority rights)
• Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (indigenous rights and self-determination)

• Antifeminism

• Australia
• New Zealand

• Black nationalism
• Black separatism
• Black supremacism

• Alt-right movement
• White nationalism
• White separatism
• White supremacism

• South Africa

• Pakistan

• Belgium
• Bosnia, and Herzegovina
• Georgia
  • Separatism in Chechnya
  • Separatism in Dagestan
  • Separatism in Tatarstan
  • Separatism in Ural
• Serbia
• Spain
  • Basque separatism
  • Catalan separatism
• Ukraine
• United Kingdom

• Australia
  • Tasmania

• Feminist separatism
  • Lesbian separatism
• Homonationalism
• Matriarchy
• Patriarchy

• Anarchist free school movement
• Student activism

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Liberalism
History Age of Enlightenment List of liberal theorists (contributions to liberal theory)
Ideas Civil and political rights Cultural liberalism Democracy Democratic capitalism Economic freedom Economic liberalism Egalitarianism Free market Free trade Freedom of the press Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Gender equality Harm principle Internationalism Laissez-faire Liberty Market economy Natural and legal rights Negative/positive liberty Non-aggression Principle Open society Permissive society Private property Rule of law Secularism Separation of church and state Social contract Welfare state
Schools of thought Anarcho-capitalism Classical liberalism Radical liberalism Left-libertarianism Geolibertarianism Right-libertarianism Conservative liberalism Democratic liberalism Green liberalism Liberal autocracy Liberal Catholicism Liberal conservatism Liberal feminism Equity feminism Liberal internationalism Liberal nationalism Liberal socialism Social democracy Muscular liberalism Neoliberalism National liberalism Ordoliberalism Radical centrism Religious liberalism Christian Islamic Jewish Secular liberalism Social liberalism Technoliberalism Third Way Whiggism
People Acton Alain Alberdi Alembert Arnold Aron Barante Bastiat Bentham Berlin Beveridge Bobbio Brentano Bright Broglie Burke Čapek Cassirer Chicherin Chu Chydenius Cobden Collingdood Condorcet Constant Croce Cuoco Dahrendorf Decy Dewey Dickens Diderot Dongsun Dunoyer Dworkin Emerson Eötvös Flach Friedman Galbraith Garrison George Gladstone Gobetti Gomes Gray Green Gu Guizot Hayek Herbert Hobbes Hobhouse Hobson Holbach Hu Humboldt Jefferson Jubani Kant Kelsen Kemal Keynes Korais Korwin-Mikke Kymplcka Lamartine Larra Lecky Li Locke Lufti Macaulay Madariaga Madison Martineau Masani Michelet Mill (father) Mill (son) Milton Mises Molteno Mommsen Money Montalembert Montesquieu Mora Mouffe Naoroji Naumann Nozick Nussbaum Ohlin Ortega Paine Paton Popper Price Priestley Prieto Quesnay Qin Ramírez Rathenau Rawls Raz Renan Renouvier Ricardo Röpke Rorthy Rosmini Rosselli Rousseau Ruggiero Sarmiento Say Sen Earl of Shaftesbury Shklar Sidney Sieyès Şinasi Sismondi Smith Soto Polar Spencer Spinoza Staël Sumner Tahtawi Tao Thierry Thorbecke Thoreau Tocqueville Tracy Troeltsch Turgot Villemain Voltaire Ward Weber Wollstonecraft Zambrano
Organizations Africa Liberal Network Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party Arab Liberal Federation Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats European Democratic Party European Liberal Youth European Party for Individual Liberty International Alliance of Libertarian Parties International Federation of Liberal Youth Liberal International Liberal Network for Latin America Liberal parties Liberal South East European Network
Regional variants Europe Latin America Albania Armenia Australia Austria Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Chile Colombia Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech lands Denmark Ecuador Egypt Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Iran Israel Italy Japan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Mexico Moldova Montenegro Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain South Africa South Korea Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States Classical Modern Uruguay Venezuela Zimbabwe
Related topics Bias in academia Bias in the media
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Individualism
Topics and concepts Autonomy Civil liberties Do it yourself Eremitism Free love Freethought Human rights Individual Individual rights Individual reclamation Individuation Laissez-faire Libertine Liberty Methodological individualism Negative liberty Personal property Positive liberty Private property Self-actualization Self-ownership Self-sufficiency Subjectivity
Thinkers Antiphon Aristippus Aristotle Armand Camus Diogenes Emerson Epicurus Godwin Goldman Hayek Hess Igualada Jefferson Laozi Libertad Locke Hipparchia Mencken Mill Mises Montaigne Nietzsche Novatore Nozick Onfray Palante Quelle Rand Rothbard Ryner Sade Schopenhauer Smith Spencer Spooner Stirner Thoreau Tucker Walker Warren Wilde Zeno Yang
Philosophies Autarchism Anarchism Anarcho-capitalism Classical liberalism Egoist anarchism Ethical egoism Existentialism Hedonism Humanism Individualist anarchism Individualist feminism Equity feminism Liberal feminism Left-libertarianism Left-wing market anarchism Liberalism Libertarianism Libertarian socialism Minarchism Mutualism Objectivism Right-libertarianism Social anarchism Voluntaryism
Principal concerns Anti-individualism Authoritarianism Collectivism Conformity Dogmatism Group rights Herd mentality Indoctrination Mass society Mobbing Social engineering Statism Tyranny Tyranny of the majority Theocracy Totalitarianism
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Political internationals

• Liberal International (liberalism)
• Transnational Radical Party (radicalism)

• Anti-liberalism
• Illiberal democracy

• Australia
• New Zealand

Political internationals

• Center for a Stateless Society (left-libertarianism)
• International Alliance of Libertarian Parties (right-libertarianism)
• International of Anarchist Federations (anarchism)
• International Union for Land Value Taxation (geoism)
• Liberty International (right-libertarianism)

• Anti-libertarianism

• Christian libertarianism
• Libertarian Christianity

• South Africa
  • Anarchism

• Hong Kong

• United Kingdom
  • Anarchism
    • Anarcho-communism
    • Anarcho-naturism
    • Individualist anarchism
  • Thatcherism

• Australia
  • Anarchism
    • Anarcho-technocracy

Political internationals

• International Conference of Asian Political Parties (pan-Asianism and regionalism)
• The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism)
• Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (nationalism and self-determination)

• Australia
• New Zealand
  • Māori
  • South Island

Political internationals

• Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century)
• The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism)
• Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)

• Arab Spring movement

• Australia
  • One Nation Party
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand First

Political internationals

• Progressive Alliance (progressivism and social democracy)
• Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)

• Economic progressivism
• Social progressivism
• Techno-progressivism
• Transnational progressivism

• Progressive conservatism
• Reform movement
• Social justice movement
• Technocracy movement

• Anti-progressivism

• Islamic progressivism
• Progressive Christianity

Political internationals

• Centrist Democrat International (Christian democracy)
• Hizb ut-Tahrir (Islamism)
• Humanist International (humanism)
• Muslim Brotherhood (Islamism)

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Humanism
History
Renaissance humanism in Northern Europe in France Humanist Manifesto
Secular humanism
Center for Inquiry A Secular Humanist Declaration Amsterdam Declaration
Other forms
Congregational Existential Incarnational Integral Marxist Neo Pan Personism Rationalist Super Trans Transcendental
Organizations
Humanists International American Humanist Association Humanists UK Humanistischer Verband Deutschlands Humanist Society Scotland Norwegian Humanist Association Humanists Sweden
See also
Antihumanism Posthumanism Confucianism Religion of Humanity Ethical movement
Outline List of secular humanists Philosophy portal
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• Atheist feminism
• Marxist–Leninist atheism
• Secular humanism
• Secular liberalism
• State atheism

• New world order (Baháʼí)
  • Opposition

• Neo-Confucianism
• New Confucianism

• Maori environmentalism

• State Shinto
  • Showa Statism

• Khalistan movement
• Sikh feminism

• Huang–Lao
• Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
• Way of the Taiping

• Mazdakism

• Abstentionism
• Anti-Centrism
• Apoliticism

• Populism
• Anti-politics

• Political quietism

Political internationals

• Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century)
• Progressive Alliance (progressivism and social democracy)
• Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
• Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy)

• Anti-welfarism
• Lemon socialism
• Social fascism

• Australia
• Melanesia
• New Zealand

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Socialism
Development Age of the Enlightenment French Revolution History of socialism Revolutions of 1848 Socialist calculation debate Socialist economics
Ideas Calculation in kind Collective ownership Cooperative Common ownership Commune (model of government) Economic democracy Economic planning Equal opportunity Free association Freed market Industrial democracy Input–output model Internationalism Labor-time calculation Labour voucher Material balance planning Organizational self-management Peer‑to‑peer economics Production for use Sharing economy Social dividend Social ownership Socialism in one country Socialist mode of production To each according to his contribution/needs Workplace democracy
Models Communalism Participatory economics Democratic confederalism Market economy Market socialism Lange model Mutualism Socialist market economy Socialist-oriented market Planned economy Decentralized planning Inclusive Democracy OGAS Project Cybersyn Soviet-type Social ecology
Variants 21st-century African Arab Agrarian Anarchism Authoritarian Blanquism Chinese Communism Democratic Ethical Ecological Feminist Fourierism Free-market Gandhian Guild Laissez-faire Liberal Libertarian Marhaenism Marxism Municipal Nationalist Owenism Reformist Religious Revolutionary Ricardian Saint-Simonianism Scientific Social democracy State Syndicalism Third World Utopian Zionist
By country Australia Bangladesh Brazil Canada China Communist China Nationalist China Estonia Greece Hong Kong India Iran Italy Netherlands New Zealand Pakistan Sri Lanka Tunisia United Kingdom United States Vietnam
People More Hall Saint-Simon Babeuf Owen Fourier Thompson Hodgskin Cabet Enfantin Proudhon Blanc Herzen Bakunin Marx Barmby Engels Lassalle Morris Jones Kropotkin Bernstein Malatesta Taylor Lavrov Lenin Jaurès Plekhanov Dewey Barone Kautsky Du Bois Goldman Luxemburg Blum Tawney Russell Neurath Pannekoek Recabarren Einstein Trotsky Keller Attlee Polanyi Makhno Cole Nagy Gerhardsen Orwell Dougals Senghor Erlander Allende Kreisky Mitterrand Nasser Mandela Bookcin Dubček Zinn Castoriadis Thompson Manley Chomsky King Pertini Craxi Layton West Sanders Ali Öcalan Žižek Hedges Corbyn Varoufakis
Organizations First International Second International Third International Fourth International Fifth International Labour and Socialist International Socialist International World Federation of Democratic Youth International Union of Socialist Youth World Socialist Movement International Committee of the Fourth International Progressive Alliance
Related topics Anarchism Capitalism Communist society Criticism of capitalism Criticism of socialism Economic calculation problem Economic system French Left Left-libertarianism Libertarianism List of socialists List of socialist economists Marxist philosophy Nanosocialism Progressivism Socialism and LGBT rights Socialist calculation debate Socialist Party Socialist state Types of socialism
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Political internationals

• African Socialist International (African socialism, Pan-Africanism)
• Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism and socialism of the 21st century)
• Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
• Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy)
• World Socialist Movement (anti-Leninism, classical Marxism, impossibilism and international socialism)

• Anti-socialism

Political internationals

• International Confederation of Labor (anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism)
• International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)

• Anti-unionism

Political internationals

• Humanity+ (transhumanist politics)

• Anarcho-transhumanism
• Democratic transhumanism
• Libertarian transhumanism

• United States

• Direct democracy
• Ideology
• List of communist ideologies
• List of forms of government
• List of ideologies named after people
• List of political systems in France
• Participatory democracy
• Political international
• Political party
• Representative democracy
• Suffrage
  • Universal suffrage

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