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List of populists

Topic: Social

 From HandWiki - Reading time: 22 min

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This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Template:Populism sidebar The following is a list of populist parties, leaders and movements.


Africa

Burkina Faso

Burundi

  • Pierre Nkurunziza[2]

Cameroon

Egypt

Equatorial Guinea

  • Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[3]

Gabon

  • Ali Bongo Ondimba[2]

The Gambia

  • Yahya Jammeh[3]

Ghana

  • Jerry Rawlings[1]

Kenya

  • Raila Odinga[5]

Liberia

Libya

Rwanda

South Africa

Sudan

Tanzania

  • John Magufuli[2]

Tunisia

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Americas

Argentina

  • Carlos Menem (1989-1999)[10]
  • Néstor Kirchner (2003-2010)[10]
  • Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007–2015)[10]
  • Javier Milei (2023–present)[15][16]

Bolivia

  • Evo Morales (2006-2019)[10]

Brazil

  • Fernando Collor de Mello (1990-1992)[10]
  • Getúlio Vargas (1930-1945)
  • Lula da Silva (2003-2011, 2023–present)
  • Jair Bolsonaro (2019–2022)

Canada

  • Preston Manning (1997-2000)[17]
  • Niki Ashton (2008–present)[18]
  • Maxime Bernier (2018–present)[19]
  • Rob Ford (2000-2016)[20][21]
  • Doug Ford (2018–present)[22]
  • Pierre Poilievre (2022–present)[23]
  • Danielle Smith (2009–present)[24]
  • Kevin O'Leary[25]

Chile

Colombia

  • Álvaro Uribe (2002-2010)[37][38]
  • Rodolfo Hernández Suárez[39]

Cuba

  • Fidel Castro (1959-2008)[40]

Ecuador

  • Abdalá Bucaram (1996-1997)[10]
  • Lucio Gutiérrez (2003-2005)[10]
  • Rafael Correa (2007-2017)[10]
  • Abdalá Bucaram Jr. (2009-2014)[10]

El Salvador

Guatemala

  • Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity[45]

Honduras

Mexico

  • Andrés Manuel López Obrador

Nicaragua

  • Daniel Ortega (1979-1990) (2007–present)[46]

Paraguay

  • Fernando Lugo (2008-2012)[10]

Peru

United States

  • Huey Long (1928-1935)[50][51]
  • William Jennings Bryan[52]
  • George Wallace (1946-1955, 1963-1968, 1971-1979, 1983-1987) [53]
  • Edwin Edwards (1964-1996)[54]
  • Mike Gravel (1969-1981)[55]
  • Ronald Reagan (1967-1989)[56][57]
  • Ron Paul (1976-1977, 1979–1985, 1997–2018)[58]
  • Pat Buchanan (1985-2000)[59]
  • David Duke (1989-1992)[60]
  • Jesse Jackson (1991-1997)[61]
  • Bernie Sanders (1991–present)
  • Ross Perot (1992-1996) [62]
  • Roy Moore (1992–present)[63]
  • Joe Arpaio (1993–2017)[64]
  • Reform Party (1995–present)
  • Jim Jordan (1995–present)
  • Greg Abbott (1996–present)[65]
  • Dennis Kucinich (1997-2013)[66]
  • Steve King (1997-2021)
  • Andy Harris (1999–present)
  • Andy Biggs (2001–present)
  • Ted Cruz (2003–present)[67][68]
  • Tim Ryan[69]
  • Louie Gohmert (2005–present)
  • John Fetterman (2006–present)[70][71]
  • Sarah Palin (2006–present)
  • Tea Party movement
  • Matt Gaetz (2010–2025)[72]
  • Paul Gosar (2011–present)
  • Ron Johnson (2011–present)[73]
  • JD Vance (2016–present)[74][75]
  • Allen West (2011–present)
  • Tulsi Gabbard (2013–present)[76]
  • Scott Perry (2013–present)
  • Kelli Ward (2013–2023)[77]
  • Elizabeth Warren (2013–present)[78]
  • Donald Trump, 45th and 47th President (2015–present)[79][10]
  • Amanda Chase (2016–present)[80]
  • Josh Hawley (2017–present)[81][82][83]
  • Jamaal Bowman (2020–present)[84]
  • Mary Miller (2020–present)[85][86]
  • Cori Bush (2020–present)[84]
  • Andrew Yang[87]
  • Ralph Nader[88]
  • Zohran Mamdani[89][90][91]
  • Occupy movement[92]

Venezuela

Asia

Bangladesh

Mainland China

Hong Kong

India

  • Narendra Modi[10]
  • Bharatiya Janata Party
  • Shiv Sena
  • Bal Thackeray
  • Yogi Adityanath
  • Amit Shah
  • Devendra Fadnavis
  • LK Advani
  • Shyam Prasad Mukherjee

Indonesia

  • Joko Widodo[10]
  • Prabowo Subianto

Iran

Israel

  • Benjamin Netanyahu[10]

Japan

Malaysia

Myanmar

  • National League for Democracy[112]

Pakistan

  • Benazir Bhutto[113]
  • Imran Khan and Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf[114]

Philippines

  • Rodrigo Duterte[115]
  • Joseph Estrada[10]
  • Bongbong Marcos

South Korea

Sri Lanka

  • Mahinda Rajapaksa[10]

Taiwan

Thailand

  • Thaksin Shinawatra[10]
  • Yingluck Shinawatra[10]
  • Pheu Thai Party

Turkey

Europe

Austria

  • Freedom Party of Austria[127]
  • Communist Party of Austria

Belarus

  • Alexander Lukashenko[10]

Belgium

Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • Alliance of Independent Social Democrats
    • Milorad Dodik

Bulgaria

  • Revival
  • There is Such a People
  • GERB
  • Bulgarian Socialist Party[129]
  • Attack[127]
  • Reload Bulgaria[127]
  • National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria[127]
  • National Movement for Stability and Progress[127]

Croatia

  • Homeland Movement
  • The Bridge
  • Home and National Rally
  • Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja[127]
  • Croatian Party of Rights[127]
  • Croatian Party of Rights 1861[127]
  • Croatian Party of Rights Dr. Ante Starčević[127]
  • Croatian Democratic Peasant Party[127]
  • Human Shield[130]

Czechia

Denmark

Estonia

France

Finland

  • Finns Party[141][127]
  • Left Alliance
  • Radical People's Party (1944-1950s)

Åland Islands

  • Ålandic Democracy

Georgia

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

  • Pirate Party[146]
  • People's Party
  • Centre Party

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

  • Labour Party

Luxembourg

  • Alternative Democratic Reform Party[127]
  • The Left

Moldova

  • Our Party
  • Democracy at Home Party

Montenegro

  • Milo Đukanović
  • Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
  • New Serb Democracy
  • Movement for Changes
  • Democratic People's Party
  • True Montenegro

Netherlands

North Macedonia

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

  • Slovenian Democratic Party[127]

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Oceania

Australia

New Zealand

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Abidde, Sabella Ogbobode (2023). "Thomas Sankara and Jerry Rawlings: Intellectuals, Populists, Revolutionaries, and Pan-Africanists". The Political Impact of African Military Leaders: Soldiers as Intellectuals, Nationalists, Pan-Africanists, and Statesmen. Contributions to Political Science. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. pp. 89-103. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31427-8_6. ISBN 978-3-031-31427-8. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-31427-8_6. Retrieved 9 October 2025. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Kazeem, Yomi (9 November 2016). "Africa's populists and strongmen are some of the first to welcome a Trump presidency" (in en). https://qz.com/africa/832598/election-2016-africas-populists-and-strongmen-are-some-of-the-first-to-welcome-a-trump-presidency/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Jideonwo, Chude (30 May 2016). "We've seen Donald Trump's type of populism in Africa, it always ends in tears" (in en). https://qz.com/africa/695291/weve-seen-donald-trumps-type-of-populism-in-africa-it-always-ends-in-tears/. Retrieved 10 October 2020. 
  4. ↑ "Egypt's former president Nasser still a divisive figure, 50 years after his death" (in en). France 24. 28 September 2020. https://www.france24.com/en/20200928-egypt-s-nasser-still-a-divisive-figure-50-years-after-his-death. Retrieved 10 October 2020. 
  5. ↑ Rice, Xan (2 January 2008). "Profile: Raila Odinga, Kenyan opposition leader" (in en). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jan/02/kenya.marktran. Retrieved 10 October 2020. 
  6. ↑ "State of play in Liberia: Half-time whistle goes on George Weah's presidency" (in en). 22 January 2021. https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20210122-state-of-play-in-liberia-half-time-whistle-goes-on-george-weah-s-presidency. Retrieved 9 August 2022. 
  7. ↑ "Muammar al-Qaddafi Biography, Death, & Facts" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muammar-al-Qaddafi. Retrieved 10 October 2020. 
  8. ↑ "ANC holds onto power in South Africa as other parties increase vote share" (in en). 2019-05-11. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/anc-holds-onto-power-in-south-africa-as-other-parties-increase-vote-share/articleshow/69278436.cms. 
  9. ↑ Pillay, Verashni (11 May 2019). "South Africa is the latest country to see a democratic swing to populism over liberal politics" (in en). https://qz.com/africa/1617273/south-election-eff-rise-leaves-democratic-alliance-down/. 
  10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.37 10.38 10.39 10.40 Kyle, Jordan; Gultchin, Limor (November 2018). "Populists in Power Around the World" (in en). Tony Blair Institute for Global Change. https://www.institute.global/insight/renewing-centre/populists-power-around-world. Retrieved 2024-04-13. 
  11. ↑ Saleh, Heba (24 August 2021). "Tunisia's populist president extends suspension of parliament". https://www.ft.com/content/fcc30c14-807d-4ffe-b8a3-e5f275efc307. 
  12. ↑ Ben Mahfoudh, Haykel (25 September 2019). "The democratic dilemma of the early Tunisian presidential elections". https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/the-democratic-dilemma-of-the-early-tunisian-presidential-elections/. 
  13. ↑ Vokes, Derek R. Peterson, Richard (30 June 2019). "A recently discovered trove of photos shows life in Uganda during Idi Amin's troubled reign" (in en). https://qz.com/africa/1655715/ugandas-idi-amin-rare-photos-capture-life-but-not-horrors/. 
  14. ↑ Gumede, William (8 October 2018). "Zim's left populism and the lessons for SA • Voices360" (in en-ZA). https://www.voices360.com/politics/zims-left-populism-and-the-lessons-for-sa. Retrieved 28 September 2020. 
  15. ↑ "After electing right-wing populist Milei as president, Argentina faces uncharted path". 20 November 2023. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/after-electing-right-wing-populist-milei-as-president-argentina-faces-uncharted-path. 
  16. ↑ "Right-wing populist Milei set to take Argentina down uncharted path: 'No room for lukewarm measures'". 20 November 2023. https://apnews.com/article/election-milei-massa-runoff-6a171de948a034bd43c853f6d3f50f5c. 
  17. ↑ "Populism in Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia". https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/populism#. 
  18. ↑ Rousseau, Rob (19 September 2017). "Meet Niki Ashton, the Bernie Sanders of Canada" (in en). https://www.pastemagazine.com/politics/progressivism/meet-niki-ashton-the-bernie-sanders-of-canada/. 
  19. ↑ Levinson-King, Robin (2019-09-23). "Could populism ever take off in Canada?" (in en-GB). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49719947. 
  20. ↑ "Rob Ford: Colourful and populist mayor of Toronto". The Independent. 24 March 2016. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/rob-ford-colourful-and-populist-mayor-of-toronto-whose-career-was-derailed-by-drinking-obscenities-and-videos-of-crack-abuse-a6949291.html. 
  21. ↑ "Former Toronto mayor Rob Ford dies after fighting cancer". 22 March 2016. https://apnews.com/general-news-4a1dfb5b08e94103ad6afc5a5da18dc4. 
  22. ↑ "Canada's Trump: populist Doug Ford stuns with Ontario election win" (in en). 2018-06-08. https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/2149824/canadas-trump-doug-ford-populist-brother-crack. 
  23. ↑ Kestler-D'Amours, Julian (11 September 2022). "Pierre Poilievre: Populist takes helm of Canada's Conservatives". https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/11/canadas-conservative-party-bets-on-populist-career-politician. 
  24. ↑ "In Alberta, a bruising campaign invites political chaos". Politico. 28 May 2023. https://www.politico.com/news/2023/05/28/alberta-premier-smith-notley-00099090. 
  25. ↑ Hussain, Samira (22 February 2017). "Kevin O'Leary: Canada's Donald Trump?". https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39010813. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "'La Gente' sí, los corruptos no". 10 December 2021. https://interferencia.cl/articulos/la-gente-si-los-corruptos-no. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Mander, Benedict (4 January 2021). "Chile populists challenge elite as voters seek new direction". https://www.ft.com/content/a6275216-bce4-4a5a-a582-3a99a6042732. 
  28. ↑ Libertad y Desarrollo (10 September 2021). "2021 ENTRANDO A LA RECTA FINAL ELECTORAL". https://lyd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TP-1512-ELECTORAL.pdf. 
  29. ↑ "Poder Bianchi: El padre, el hijo y los votos del sur". 28 November 2021. https://www.latercera.com/la-tercera-domingo/noticia/poder-bianchi-el-padre-el-hijo-y-los-votos-del-sur/GE6DP4GS2RE47I5NCH4NH67X5Q/. 
  30. ↑ "José Antonio Kast, el conservador que promete restablecer el orden en Chile". 16 December 2021. https://www.dw.com/es/jos%C3%A9-antonio-kast-el-conservador-que-promete-restablecer-el-orden-en-chile/a-60146320. 
  31. ↑ "El dilema de la extraviada oposición ante la performance populista de Pamela Jiles". 16 April 2021. https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2021/04/16/el-dilema-de-la-extraviada-oposicion-ante-la-performance-populista-de-pamela-jiles/. 
  32. ↑ Ojeda y Poblete (2017): El Populismo de Izquierda como práctica política: potencialidades y límites . Revista Trama de debate teórico-político.
  33. ↑ Revista FPP (2017): Ese extraño animal llamado populismo. Revista Frente Para el Progreso.
  34. ↑ Gómez, P. (2017): Pistas para entender si el populismo amenaza a Chile. Plataforma de análisis político-liberal.
  35. ↑ "La Lista del Pueblo, atrapada en su populismo". 2 August 2021. https://www.pauta.cl/la-acera-de-los-tontos/la-lista-del-pueblo-atrapada-en-su-populismo. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "El populismo posmoderno: El Partido de la Gente, ¿independiente de qué?, reflexiones en torno al periodo y la correlación de fuerzas en el escenario actual". 1 June 2021. https://www.revistadefrente.cl/el-populismo-posmoderno-el-partido-de-la-gente-independiente-de-que-reflexiones-en-torno-al-periodo-y-la-correlacion-de-fuerzas-en-el-escenario-actual/. 
  37. ↑ Fierro c, Marta I. (2014). "Álvaro uribe vélez: populismo y neopopulismo". Análisis Político 27 (81): 127–147. doi:10.15446/anpol.v27n81.45770. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/anpol/article/view/45770/60359. 
  38. ↑ "La estrategia populista en la política exterior de Álvaro Uribe". https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5592871&orden=0&info=link. 
  39. ↑ "Populist Hernández to face leftwinger Petro in Colombia election run-off". Financial Times. 2022-05-30. https://www.ft.com/content/8c7abbb0-4362-4d63-967a-55c436164c11. 
  40. ↑ "The Castro Touch Modern Latin America". https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-4-cuba/moments-in-cuban-history/the-castro-touch-populism-and-ambiguity/. Retrieved 10 October 2020. 
  41. ↑ Ulloa, Félix (February 11, 2010). "Mauricio Funes: His Way" (in en-US). https://americasquarterly.org/article/mauricio-funes-his-way/. 
  42. ↑ Webber, Jude (4 February 2019). "Nayib Bukele wins El Salvador presidential election". https://www.ft.com/content/3c97f12a-2839-11e9-a5ab-ff8ef2b976c7. Retrieved 10 February 2020. 
  43. ↑ "A charismatic populist aims for el Salvador's presidency". The Economist. 2 February 2019. https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2019/02/02/a-charismatic-populist-aims-for-el-salvadors-presidency. 
  44. ↑ "El Salvador's Bukele gets greenlight to run for re-election". 4 September 2021. https://ticotimes.net/2021/09/04/el-salvadors-bukele-gets-greenlight-to-run-for-re-election. 
  45. ↑ "URNG rechaza la ilegítima elección de Maldonado Aguirre – URNG". Urng-maiz.org.gt. 15 May 2015. https://www.urng-maiz.org.gt/2015/05/urng-rechaza-la-ilegitima-eleccion-de-maldonado-aguirre/. Retrieved 2022-07-18. 
  46. ↑ Stewart, Ian (January 2019). "Right-Wing Populist Jair Bolsonaro Sworn In As President Of Brazil". NPR. https://www.npr.org/2019/01/01/681429911/right-wing-populist-jair-bolsonaro-sworn-in-as-president-of-brazil. Retrieved 30 October 2019. 
  47. ↑ Bush, Janet. "Peru's Asian Populist". Prospect Magazine. https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/perusasianpopulist-peru-fujimori. Retrieved 30 October 2019. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Garcia Cano, Regina. "2 polarizing populists vie in Peru's presidential runoff". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/peruvian-voters-face-choice-between-2-polarizing-populists/2021/06/06/40cc34c0-c67c-11eb-89a4-b7ae22aa193e_story.html. 
  49. ↑ Lowry, Rich (10 August 2023). "Donald Trump Is Our Huey Long" (in en). https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/08/10/trump-huey-long-00110667. 
  50. ↑ Sterling, Christopher (2003). "Every Man a King-- Huey P. Long (February 23, 1934)". Washington, D.C.. https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/HueyLong.pdf. 
  51. ↑ "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: William Jennings Bryan (1860–1925)". https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/bryan-william-jennings. 
  52. ↑ "Populism in the United States: Timeline" (in en). 2020-12-14. https://www.history.com/topics/us-government-and-politics/populism-united-states-timeline. 
  53. ↑ Bridges, Tyler (12 July 2021). "Edwin Edwards, Louisiana populist who served 4 terms as governor and 8 years in prison, dies at 93" (in en). https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/politics/article_6c91c6a0-2bf2-11e9-b57a-0f28036ae840.html. 
  54. ↑ "Mike Gravel Is the Anti–Joe Biden". https://jacobinmag.com/2019/06/mike-gravel-interview-2020-presidential-election. Retrieved 10 October 2020. 
  55. ↑ "Trump's Populism Is Not Reagan's Populism" (in en-US). 2018-04-04. https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/04/donald-trumpr-ronald-reagan-populism-different/. 
  56. ↑ "Why Populism in America is a Double-Edged Sword" (in en). 2019-02-07. https://www.history.com/news/why-populism-in-america-is-a-double-edged-sword. 
  57. ↑ Wyler, Grace. "Here's How Ron Paul Became A Revolution". https://www.businessinsider.com/ron-paul-became-a-revolution-2012-5. Retrieved 28 September 2020. 
  58. ↑ Stark, Steven (1 February 1996). "Right-Wing Populist". https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1996/02/right-wing-populist/306027/. Retrieved 10 October 2020. 
  59. ↑ West, Paul (5 December 1991). "David Duke takes aim at presidency La. legislator unveils GOP primary bid". https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-12-05-1991339014-story.html. Retrieved 9 October 2020. 
  60. ↑ Boyte, Harry C. (5 April 1988). "Jackson's Populist Message Is a Hit, but Party Misses It". https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-04-05-me-428-story.html. Retrieved 9 October 2020. 
  61. ↑ "How Billionaire Ross Perot Brought Populism Back to Presidential Politics" (in en). 2020-10-06. https://www.history.com/news/ross-perot-populist-1992-election-changed-politics. 
  62. ↑ Lowndes, Joseph. "Roy Moore lost, but his brand of right-wing white populism still dominates the GOP". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2017/12/13/roy-moore-lost-the-battle-but-hes-winning-the-war/. Retrieved 9 October 2020. 
  63. ↑ Gabriel, Jon. "With a Martha McSally win, populist anger may (finally) be dead in Arizona" (in en-US). https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/op-ed/2018/08/29/martha-mcsally-kelli-ward-joe-arpaio-arizona-trump-populism-dead/1137209002/. 
  64. ↑ "DeSantis and Abbott take the lead in battle to inherit Trump's mantle" (in en). 2021-06-18. https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/politics/desantis-abbott-trump-republican-future. 
  65. ↑ Schladen, Marty. "Populist Dennis Kucinich, running for governor as Democrat, has bashed Obama, defended Trump" (in en). https://www.dispatch.com/news/20180405/populist-dennis-kucinich-running-for-governor-as-democrat-has-bashed-obama-defended-trump. Retrieved 9 October 2020. 
  66. ↑ Joel Stein (2021-02-21). "Ted Cruz wants to be a populist. But he can't get it right.". The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.). ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/02/20/ted-cruz-wants-be-populist-he-cant-get-it-right/. [please check these dates]
  67. ↑ "Ted Cruz Embraces Economic Populism" (in en). Time. https://time.com/4283539/ted-cruz-interview-economic-populism-working-class/. Retrieved 2021-08-24. 
  68. ↑ Taylor, Jessica (4 April 2019). "Ohio Rep. Tim Ryan Joins 2020 Race With A Populist Pitch To Blue-Collar Voters" (in en). NPR. https://www.npr.org/2019/04/04/709909614/ohio-rep-tim-ryan-joins-2020-race-with-a-populist-pitch-to-blue-collar-voters. 
  69. ↑ "John Fetterman wants Democrats to stop wasting time and eliminate the filibuster". 10 September 2021. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/09/10/politics/john-fetterman-filibuster-senate-race/index.html. 
  70. ↑ "We Found the Coolest Populist in America, and He's Running for U.S. Senate". 29 February 2016. https://inthesetimes.com/article/john-fetterman-braddock-mayor-the-coolest-populist-in-america-senate-run. 
  71. ↑ "The Populist Paradox of Matt Gaetz". 14 November 2024. https://www.levernews.com/lever-time-premium-the-populist-paradox-of-matt-gaetz-2/. 
  72. ↑ Schneider, Christian (25 March 2021). "Ron Johnson Is the Same as He Ever Was". https://thedispatch.com/p/ron-johnson-is-the-same-as-he-ever. 
  73. ↑ "In J.D. Vance, Trump is going all in on populism — and elevating an heir apparent". 15 July 2024. https://www.politico.com/news/2024/07/15/trump-jd-vance-heir-populism-00168539. 
  74. ↑ "JD Vance's populist persona leaves pro-worker groups skeptical | CNN Business". 17 July 2024. https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/17/business/jd-vance-populist-pro-worker/index.html. 
  75. ↑ Sganga, Nicole (29 January 2020). "Tulsi Gabbard appeals to Trump voters. That may be an obstacle". CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tulsi-gabbard-appeals-to-trump-voters-that-may-be-an-obstacle/. Retrieved 20 September 2020. 
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  175. ↑ "Desni populisti i ekstremisti u Europi". https://www.dw.com/hr/desni-populisti-i-ekstremisti-u-europi/a-19224332. Retrieved 18 November 2020. 
  176. ↑ Wodak, Ruth; Mral, Brigitte (2013). Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 19. 
  177. ↑ "Populism in the Balkans. The Case of Serbia". http://www.cepsr.com/dwnld/stojarovavykoupilova2008020302.pdf. Retrieved 24 January 2017. 
  178. ↑ The Western Balkan candidates for NATO membership and partnership : a report. David Greenwood, Centre for European Security Studies. Groningen: Centre for European Security Studies. 2005. ISBN 90-76301-20-4. OCLC 71641941. 
  179. ↑ Vykoupilová, Hana; Stojarová, Věra (2007). "Populism in the Balkans: The Case of Serbia". Muni Journals (2–3): 95–112. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=226797. 
  180. ↑ Suvakovic, Uros (2020-11-24). "Porodica kroz programske stavove političkih partija u Srbiji: presek stanja u drugoj deceniji XXI veka" (in sr). Srpska politička misao 69 (3/2020): 43–61. doi:10.22182/spm.6932020.2. http://www.ips.ac.rs/publications/porodica-kroz-programske-stavove-politickih-partija-u-srbiji-presek-stanja-u-drugoj-deceniji-xxi-veka/. 
  181. ↑ "A Conservative Populist Charged with Pimping Girls" (in en). 2021-04-28. https://betabriefing.com/archive/biographies/14818-a-conservative-populist-charged-with-pimping-girls. 
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  183. ↑ Clark, Janine N. (2008). Serbia in the shadow of Milošević : the legacy of conflict in the Balkans. London: Tauris Academic Studies. pp. 122. ISBN 978-1-4416-2967-8. OCLC 667107743. 
  184. ↑ "The state of global right-wing populism in 2019". Quartz. 30 December 2019. https://qz.com/1774201/the-global-state-of-right-wing-populism-in-2019/. 
  185. ↑ "Serbian authorities to start a parallel inter-party dialogue without EU mediation". European Western Balkans. 9 April 2021. https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2021/04/09/serbian-authorities-to-start-a-parallel-inter-party-dialogue-without-eu-mediation/. 
  186. ↑ "Serbia prepares for close 'three-in-one' super-election" (in en-GB). 2012-05-04. https://www.euractiv.com/section/elections/news/serbia-prepares-for-close-three-in-one-super-election/. 
  187. ↑ Drezgić, Rada (April 2009). Religion, politics and gender in Serbia: The re-traditionalization of gender roles in the context of nation-state formation. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. pp. 12. 
  188. ↑ Erlanger, Steven (1999-07-24). "Serbian Opposition Leaders Underwhelm Large Rally" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/24/world/serbian-opposition-leaders-underwhelm-large-rally.html. 
  189. ↑ "Wahl im Schatten Vucics" (in German). orf.at. 21 June 2020. https://orf.at/stories/3169963/. 
  190. ↑ Fernández, Antonio (25 July 2020). "Puigdemont abre ciclo político en Cataluña con su partido y el 1-O como única ideología" (in es). El Confidencial (Barcelona). https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/cataluna/2020-07-25/cataluna-puigdemont-jxcat-entierra-cdc_2695647/. 
  191. ↑ Querol, Jordi (16 September 2020). "Más que criticar a los políticos populistas, habría que convencer a sus votantes" (in es). El Periódico de Catalunya (Barcelona). https://www.elperiodico.com/es/entre-todos/participacion/mas-que-criticar-a-los-politicos-populistas-habria-que-dirigirse-a-sus-votantes-203211. 
  192. ↑ Ahlander, Johan (6 February 2019). "Populist Sweden Democrats ditch 'Swexit' ahead of EU elections". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-sweden-politics-eu/populist-sweden-democrats-ditch-swexit-ahead-of-eu-elections-idUKKCN1PV28Q. 
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  194. ↑ "Populism in Ukraine in a Comparative European Context (in English)". Problems of Post-Communism, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 3-18. November–December 2010. http://www.taraskuzio.net/Comparative%20Politics_files/Populism_Kuzio.pdf. Retrieved 29 November 2013. 
  195. ↑ "The Zelensky enigma: A different kind of populist" (in en). 16 April 2019. https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_zelensky_enigma_ukraine_election_president. 
  196. ↑ Mudde, Cas (2008-11-10). "Radikale Parteien in Europa – bpb". bpb.de. http://www.bpb.de/apuz/30843/radikale-parteien-in-europa?p=all#footnodeid_14-14. Retrieved 2015-09-25. 
  197. ↑ Baggini, Julian (25 July 2016). "Jeremy Corbyn is a great populist. But that's no good for our democracy". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jul/25/jeremy-corbyn-populist-democracy-mps. 
  198. ↑ Mouffe, Chantal (October 2019). "Centrist politics will not defeat Boris Johnson's rightwing populism". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/oct/01/centrist-politics-boris-johnson-rightwing-populism. 
  199. ↑ Smith, David (22 February 2024). "Britain's 'deep state' thwarted my plans, Liz Truss tells US far-right summit". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/feb/21/liz-truss-deep-state-cpac-far-right. 
  200. ↑ "How Populism Is Splitting Europe". Time. https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-populism/. Retrieved 2023-11-08. 
  201. ↑ Wallace, Abby; O'Sullivan, Sacha (2 September 2025). "Zack Polanski just rocked Britain’s Greens. Now for the hard part". https://www.politico.eu/article/zack-polanski-britain-green-party/. 
  202. ↑ Kenyon, Megan (3 September 2025). "What is Zack Polanski’s next move?". https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/greens/2025/09/what-is-zack-polanskis-next-move. 
  203. ↑ Riddell, Mary (1 October 2013). "Ed Miliband's populism has turned him into the Tories' Red Peril". https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/ed-miliband/10347436/Ed-Milibands-populism-has-turned-him-into-the-Tories-Red-Peril.html. 
  204. ↑ 205.0 205.1 205.2 McLoughlin, Liam (2021). "Progressive Populism Has Transformed Australia Before — It Could Do It Again". Jacobin Magazine. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/04/australia-queensland-greens-alp-left-populism. 
  205. ↑ 206.0 206.1 "The rise of populist politics in Australia". BBC. 1 March 2017. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-39111317. 
  206. ↑ "Clive Palmer: Craig Kelly will make a fine leader". 23 August 2021. https://www.unitedaustraliaparty.org.au/clive-palmer-craig-kelly-will-make-a-fine-leader/. 
  207. ↑ "Craig Kelly appointed leader of the United Australia Party". 23 August 2021. https://www.unitedaustraliaparty.org.au/craig-kelly-appointed-leader-of-the-united-australia-party/. 
  208. ↑ "Australia's Turnbull Digs In as Rival Dutton Seeks Leadership". Bloomberg. 22 August 2018. https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv.html?url=L3Rvc3YyLmh0bWw/dXJsPUwyNWxkM012WVhKMGFXTnNaWE12TWpBeE9DMHdPQzB5TXk5aGRYTjBjbUZzYVdFdGQyRnBkSE10ZEc4dGMyVmxMWGRvYnkxM2FXeHNMV3hsWVdRdFkyOTFiblJ5ZVMxaGN5MTBkWEp1WW5Wc2JDMXlaV1ZzY3kxcWJEWnBZbkYxZUElM0QlM0QmdmlkPSZ1dWlkPTcyYmJiMzAyLWRlMDktMTFlZi1iMGVkLTFlNTZjODM5YWZhNQ==&uuid=72fc42b3-de09-11ef-9101-d2df19823277&vid=. 
  209. ↑ "Australia has rejected angry populism, so why is Dutton clinging onto it". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 April 2023. https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australia-has-rejected-angry-populism-so-why-is-dutton-clinging-onto-it-20230414-p5d0mq.html. 
  210. ↑ Mondon, Aurélien (2013). "The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia". Routledge. "If ... Abbott failed to satisfy the electorate he has assuaged with his right-wing populism, a return to more traditionally extreme politics could be a real possibility" 
  211. ↑ 212.0 212.1 Economou, Nick (22 June 2018). "Clive Palmer has a Trump-style slogan, but is no sure bet to return to parliament". The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/clive-palmer-has-a-trump-style-slogan-but-is-no-sure-bet-to-return-to-parliament-98544. 
  212. ↑ 213.0 213.1 Crellin, Zac (22 February 2022). "Clive Palmer's lower-house ticket is stacked with anti-vaxxers and an Elvis impersonator". The New Daily. https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/politics/australian-politics/federal-election-2022/2022/02/22/clive-palmer-lower-house-anti-vax/. 
  213. ↑ Alexander, Damon (28 August 2013). "The mice that may yet roar: who are the minor right-wing parties?". The Conversation. doi:10.64628/AA.kxgqef4kh. http://theconversation.com/the-mice-that-may-yet-roar-who-are-the-minor-right-wing-parties-17305. 
  214. ↑ Raue, Tom (29 May 2018). "Is there a future for the left in the Greens?". https://overland.org.au/2018/05/is-there-a-future-for-the-left-in-the-greens/. 
  215. ↑ Szego, Julie (February 15, 2022). "'No.1' rally cry sounds awfully familiar". https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/guy-s-no-1-rally-cry-sounds-awfully-familiar-20220215-p59wgu.html. 
  216. ↑ "Guy faces challenge to find the middle ground". The Age. 7 September 2022. https://www.theage.com.au/national/guy-faces-challenge-to-find-the-middle-ground-20210907-p58pfg.html. 
  217. ↑ Wilson, Cam (November 18, 2022). "Victorian Liberals are dog whistling to conspiracy theorists to win votes. It's not working". https://www.crikey.com.au/2022/11/18/victorian-liberals-matthew-guy-conspiracy-freedom-movement/. 
  218. ↑ "'Populist' Newman government hiding behind facade: Tony Fitzgerald". 11 September 2014. https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/populist-newman-government-hiding-behind-facade-tony-fitzgerald-20140910-10f6r5.html. 
  219. ↑ "Death of a Populist". 24 April 2005. https://www.theage.com.au/national/death-of-a-populist-20050424-ge01be.html. 
  220. ↑ McLean, Gavin (15 June 2015). "Robert Muldoon Biography". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/robert-muldoon. 
  221. ↑ Moore, John (11 November 2016). "Political Roundup: Could anti-Establishment politics hit New Zealand?" (in en-NZ). The New Zealand Herald. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11746493. 
  222. ↑ "At the 2023 election New Zealand will face the starkest choice between left and right in decades" (in en-GB). The Guardian. 17 November 2022. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/18/at-the-2023-election-new-zealand-will-face-the-starkest-choice-between-left-and-right-in-decades. 
  223. ↑ "Refusing to rule out working with Brian Tamaki, Luxon gives NZ's populist right a 'sniff of credibility'" (in en-nz). 26 August 2022. https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/on-the-inside/473596/refusing-to-rule-out-working-with-brian-tamaki-luxon-gives-nz-s-populist-right-a-sniff-of-credibility. 
  224. ↑ Clifford, Joe: Breaking the Binary: The New Zealand National Party and Strategic Populism for Elite Ends, New Zealand Sociology 2022, Issue 37, No. 2, 26–37
  225. ↑ Smith, Anneke (26 November 2024). "ACT wielding 'disproportionate' influence in government - David Seymour" (in en-NZ). Radio New Zealand. https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/534800/act-wielding-disproportionate-influence-in-government-david-seymour. 



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