Neoclassical liberalism

Neoclassical liberalism,^[1][2] also referred to as Arizona School liberalism^[1][3] and bleeding-heart libertarianism,^[4] is a libertarian political philosophy^[3] that focuses on the compatibility of support for civil liberties and free markets on the one hand and a concern for social justice and the well-being of the worst-off on the other. Adherents of neoclassical liberalism broadly hold that an agenda focused upon individual liberty will be of most benefit to the economically weak and socially disadvantaged.^[5]

History

The first known use of the term "Arizona School" was by Andrew Sabl, introducing David Schmidtz at a UCLA Department Colloquium in 2012. Upon being pressed to define "Arizona School" Sabl said the school is broadly libertarian but that its most distinguishing characteristic is that it produces political philosophy that aims to be observation-based and empirically accountable. The first recorded use of the term bleeding-heart libertarian seems to have been in a 1996 essay by Roderick T. Long.^[6] It was subsequently used in a blog post by Stefan Sharkansky^[7] and later picked up and elaborated on by Arnold Kling in an article for TCS Daily.^[8] Since then, the term has been used sporadically by a number of libertarian writers including Anthony Gregory^[9] and Bryan Caplan.^[10]

In March 2011, a group of academic philosophers, political theorists and economists created the Bleeding Heart Libertarians blog.^[4] Regular contributors to the blog included Fernando Tesón, Gary Chartier, Jason Brennan, Matt Zwolinski, Roderick T. Long, and Steven Horwitz.

Criticism

Critics of the bleeding-heart libertarian movement include economist David D. Friedman, for whom bleeding-heart libertarians "insist that social justice ought to be part of libertarianism but are unwilling to tell us what it means."^[11]

See also

• Classical liberalism
• Gary Chartier
• Compassionate conservatism
• Distributive justice
• Fred Foldvary
• Free Market Fairness
• Geolibertarianism
• Left-wing market anarchism
• Left-libertarianism
• Libertarian paternalism
• Lockean proviso
• Michael Munger
• Neo-libertarianism
• Michael Otsuka
• Poverty reduction
• Radical centrism
• Radicalism (historical)
• David Schmidtz
• Hillel Steiner

Notes

References

• Jeffrey Edward Green (2016), The Shadow of Unfairness: A Plebeian Theory of Liberal Democracy, Oxford University Press.
• Jason Brennan, Bas van der Vossen, David Schmidtz, eds. (2017), The Routledge Handbook of Libertarianism, Routledge: "Libertarianism and the Welfare State" by Matt Zwolinski.

Further reading

• Jeppe von Platz, "Absolute freedom of contract: Grotian Lessons for Libertarians", Critical Review 25(1), 2013, 107–119.
• Rob Reich, "Gift Giving and Philanthropy in Market Democracy", Critical Review 26(3–4), 2014, 408–422.
• Nicolás Maloberti, "Rawls and Bleeding Heart Libertarianism: How Well Do They Mix?", The Independent Review 19(4), 2015, 563–582.
• Otto Lehto, "The Limited Welfare State as Utopia: The Case for a Libertarian Basic Income", Presentation for the BIEN World Congress (Seoul, Korea, 2016).

External links

• Bleeding Heart Libertarians – The official blog
• Matt Zwolinski discusses Bleeding Heart Libertarianism with Reason TV
• New Libertarians: New Promoters of a Welfare State – A historical look at the development of (and ultimately a criticism of) Bleeding Heart Libertarianism by John P. McCaskey
• Instituto Mercado Popular – BHL Brazilian research institute (in Portuguese)

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