Politburo
Topic: Social
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A politburo (/ˈpɒlɪtbjʊəroʊ/ (
listen)) or political bureau is the highest political organ of the central committee in communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states.
Names
The term "politburo" in English comes from the Russian politbyuro (политбюро), itself a contraction of politicheskoye byuro (политическое бюро, "Political Bureau"). The Spanish term Politburó is directly loaned from Russian, as is the German Politbüro. Chinese uses a calque (Chinese: 政治局; pinyin: Zhèngzhìjú), from which the Vietnamese (Bộ Chính trị "部政治"), and Korean (정치국, 政治局 Jeongchiguk) terms derive.
History
The first politburo was created in Russia by the Bolshevik Party in 1917 during the Russian Revolution that occurred during that year.[1][2] The first Politburo had seven members: Vladimir Lenin, Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin , Grigori Sokolnikov, and Andrei Bubnov.[3]
During the 20th century, politburos were established in most Communist states. They included the politburos of the USSR, East Germany, Afghanistan, and Czechoslovakia. Several countries still have a politburo system in operation: China, North Korea, Laos, Vietnam, and Cuba.[4]
Trotskyist parties
In Trotskyist parties, the Politburo is a bureau of the Central Committee tasked with making day-to-day political decisions, which must later be ratified by the Central Committee. Its members are chosen by the Central Committee, who appoints it. The post of General Secretary carries far less weight in this model. See, for example, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party.
See also
- Eastern Bloc politics
- Executive committee
- Orgburo
- Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
- Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba
- Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam
- Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)
- Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
- Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania
- Politburo of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
- Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party
- Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
- Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO
- Politburo of the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
- Presidium
References
- ↑ "USSR: Communist Party: Politburo". Archontology.org. http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/cpsu/politburo_hist.php.
- ↑ "Politburo (Soviet political body) – Encyclopædia Britannica". Britannica.com. 2013-04-24. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/467548/Politburo. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
- ↑ Dmitri Volkogonov, Lenin. A New Biography, translated and edited by Harold Shukman (New York: The Free Press, 1994), p. 185.
- ↑ "A List of Current Communist Countries". Geography.about.com. 2014-05-29. http://geography.about.com/od/lists/tp/communistcountries.htm.
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