Blink (browser engine)

Blink is a browser engine developed as part of the Chromium project with contributions from Apple, Google, Meta, Microsoft, Opera Software, Vivaldi Technologies, Adobe, Intel, IBM, Samsung, and others.^[2][3][4] It was first announced in April 2013.^[5]

Blink's naming was influenced by a combination of two major factors: the connotations of speed, and a reference to the non-standard presentational blink HTML element,^[6][7] which was introduced by Netscape Navigator and supported by Presto- and Gecko-based browsers until August 2013.^[8] Blink has, contrary to its name, never functionally supported the element.

Blink is a fork of the WebCore component of WebKit,^[9] which was originally a fork of the KHTML and KJS libraries from KDE.^[10][11] It's used in Chrome starting at version 28,^[12][13] Microsoft Edge starting at version 79,^[14] Opera (15+),^[12] Vivaldi, Brave, Amazon Silk and other Chromium-based browsers and frameworks.^{[citation needed]}

Much of WebCore's code was used for features that Google Chrome implemented differently such as sandboxing and the multi-process model. These parts were altered for the Blink fork, and although slightly bulkier, it allowed greater flexibility for adding new features. The fork also deprecates CSS vendor prefixes; existing prefixes will be phased out and new experimental functionality will instead be enabled on an opt-in basis.^[15] Aside from these planned changes, Blink initially remained relatively similar to WebCore.^[13]

By commit count, Google was the largest contributor to the WebKit code base from late 2009 until 2013 when they started work on their fork, Blink.^[16]

Blink engine has the following components:^[17]

• DOM, HTML DOM and CSS rendering engines
• Web IDL implementation
• Skia Graphics engine — makes calls to an underlying Graphics Library (like OpenGL, Vulkan, DirectX etc) which depends on the platform
• V8 JavaScript engine

Blink exposes a public API that allows browsers such as Chromium to interact with Blink while remaining insulated from internal changes to the browser engine.^[18]

Several projects exist to turn Chromium's Blink into a reusable software framework for other developers:

• In currently supported versions of the Android operating system (since version 4.4), the WebView component is based on Blink instead of WebKit.^[19]
• Chromium Embedded Framework is widely used in software by Adobe Systems,^[20][21][22] streaming media services such as Spotify,^[23] video game services such as Battle.net and Steam,^[24] etc.^[25]
• NW.js (previously known as Node-Webkit) is the original Node.js based framework and is being developed by Intel.
• Electron is a Node.js based framework developed by GitHub.
• In the Qt 5 framework, the Qt WebEngine module supersedes the previous QtWebKit module.^[25][26] In 2013, Qt WebEngine replaced the Apple-developed WebKit engine with Blink because of its cross-platform features (like WebRTC, WebGL, WebSockets, system calls, etc.) that work out of the box.^[27][28] Qt developers found it easier to maintain and test it.^[27]
• Microsoft Edge WebView2 is a framework that allows developers of Windows apps to implement a desktop app using web technologies, replacing the older WebView EdgeHTML based or WebBrowser MSHTML based controls.
• DotNetBrowser is a proprietary .NET Chromium-based library that can be used to use Chromium capabilities in a wide range of .NET applications, including desktop and server solutions.^{[29][better source needed]}

Chromium Blink is implemented on seven platforms: Windows, macOS, Linux, ChromeOS, Fuchsia, Android, and Android WebView.

Blink is also unofficially supported on FreeBSD^[30] and OpenBSD.^[31]

iOS versions of Chromium continue to use the WebKit WebCore renderer.^[32]

• Comparison of browser engines

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